Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) were immobilized on octyl agarose. Then, the biocatalysts were chemically modified using glutaraldehyde, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or ethylenediamine and carbodi...
Ramie fabrics suffer from inherent prickle sensation due to rigid fiber morphology, limiting their applications. This study aims to alleviate this issue through an eco-friendly enzymatic modification. Six enzymes (cellulase, laccase, hemicellulase, x...
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are antioxidant selenoenzymes, which catalyze the reduction of hydroperoxides via glutathione (GSH), providing protection to cells against oxidative stress metabolites. The present study aims to create an efficient semi...
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination play a critical role in all aspects of cellular processes, and the enzymes involved are tightly regulated by multiple factors including posttranslational modifications like most other proteins. Dysfunction or misre...
Genes encoding snake venom toxins have been studied extensively. However, genes involved in the modification and functioning of venom proteins are little known. Protobothrops is a genus of pit vipers, which are venomous and inhabit the Nansei (Southw...
Background: Metabolic enzymes catalyze biochemical pathways that sustain cellular metabolism. Their activity, stability, and molecular interactions are extensively regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, an integrated systems-l...
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are key players of protein synthesis, as they decode the genetic information organized in mRNA codons, translating them into the code of 20 amino acids. To be fully active, tRNAs undergo extensive post-transcriptional modificati...
Polysaccharides are used extensively in various industrial applications, such as food, adhesives, coatings, construction, paper, pharmaceuticals, and personal care. Many polysaccharide structures need to be modified in order to improve their end-use...
The existence of the thiouridine synthetase, methyltransferase and pseudouridine synthase (THUMP) domain was originally predicted by a bioinformatic study. Since the prediction of the THUMP domain more than two decades ago, many tRNA modification enz...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) starch is valued for its large granules, high paste viscosity, and neutral taste, yet its gelatinized form is rapidly digested and its native granules resist enzymatic attack. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed studie...
Protein phosphorylation is a dynamic and reversible modification involved in almost all cellular processes. Numerous investigations have shown that protein phosphorylation modification enzymes (PPMEs) that regulate protein phosphorylation play an imp...
This research focuses on optimizing fermentation modification and papain enzymes. In manufacturing virgin coconut oil using the response surface methodology (RSM), the experiment was carried out based on the Central Composite Design (CCD). Coconut oi...
Agar, alginate, and carrageenans are high-value seaweed hydrocolloids, which are used as gelation and thickening agents in different food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. The annual global production of these hydrocolloids has rec...
Inflammation is a major regulator of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), therefore contributing to the interindividual variability of drug effects. However, whether prenatal inflammation affects DMEs expression in offspring remains obscure. This study...
Background: Transfer RNA (tRNA) queuosine (Q)-modifications occur specifically in 4 cellular tRNAs at the wobble anticodon position. tRNA Q-modification in human cells depends on the gut microbiome because the microbiome product queuine is required f...
It has been reported that the modification of immobilized glyoxyl–ficin with aldehyde dextran can promote steric hindrances that greatly reduce the activity of the immobilized protease against hemoglobin, while the protease still maintained a r...
Microenvironment modification within nanoconfinement can maximize the catalytic activity of enzymes. Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) has been used as the biocatalyst to produce high value L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) through hydrolysis...
Chemical reactions can be performed to covalently modify specific residues in proteins. When applied to native enzymes, these chemical modifications can greatly expand the available set of building blocks for the development of biocatalysts. Nucleoph...
Alcalase was immobilized on glyoxyl 4% CL agarose beads. This permitted to have Alcalase preparations with 50% activity retention versus Boc-l-alanine 4-nitrophenyl ester. However, the recovered activity versus casein was under 20% at 50 °C, as i...
The natural chemical modifications of messenger RNA (mRNA) in living organisms have shown essential roles in both physiology and pathology. The mapping of mRNA modifications is critical for interpreting their biological functions. In another dimensio...
Chemical modification is a valuable strategy for tuning enzyme functionality by introducing new reactive groups without disrupting the overall fold. Conventional amination using ethylenediamine (EDA) is effective, but the resulting modified proteins...
Polymeric-based nano drug delivery systems have been widely exploited to overcome protein instability during formulation. Presently, a diverse range of polymeric agents can be used, among which polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid...
Enzymatic modification of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes has been found not only feasible, but also an environmentally attractive way to vary surface properties systematically. In this paper, we summarize the effect of modification layers on protei...
Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule dynamic instability together with the “tubulin code” generated by the choice of different α- and β- tubulin isoforms and tubulin post-translat...
Enzyme engineering commonly focuses on catalytic performance and recombinant protein production. Neither focus alone reveals how much expressed protein becomes an active catalyst or how long it remains functional. This review discusses engineering st...
Liquid milk protein concentrate with different beneficial values was prepared by membrane filtration and enzymatic modification of proteins in a sequential way. In the first step, milk protein concentrate was produced from ultra-heat-treated skimmed...
During kopi luwak production, coffee fruit is subjected to enzymatic and microbial treatment. While microbial modification of coffee fruit or beans is often investigated, there is little information regarding the influence of the enzymatic part of th...
Uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMTs) represent a diverse group of neoplasms arising from the myometrium, ranging from benign uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) to highly aggressive uterine leiomyosarcoma. While genetic alterations contribute to tumor deve...
A strategy for the bioconjugation of the enzyme Candida antarctica lipase B onto titania ceramic membranes with varied pore sizes (15, 50, 150, and 300 kDa) was successfully performed. The relationship between the membrane morphology, i.e.,the pore s...
The lysozyme in the chicken egg white consists of various bioactive amino acids. However, these compounds are inactive when they are in the sequence of parent proteins. They become active only when isolated from these proteins. The aim of this study...
In this paper, methods of surface modification of different supports, i.e. glass andpolymeric beads for enzyme immobilisation are described. The developed method ofenzyme immobilisation is based on Schiff’s base formation between the amino groups ont...
The red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) undergoes numerous changes to its physiological and metabolic processes to survive without oxygen. During anoxic conditions, its metabolic rate drops drastically to minimize energy requirements. The al...
Eukaryotic precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) often have an intron between positions 37 and 38 of the anticodon loop. However, atypical introns are found in some eukaryotes and archaea. In an early-diverged red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, the tRNAIle(UAU)...
A major limitation in using membrane-based separation processes is the loss of performance due to membrane fouling. This drawback can be addressed thanks to surface modification treatments. A new and promising surface modification using green chemist...
Creatinine serves as a crucial diagnostic biomarker for assessing kidney disease. This work developed portable non-enzymatic and multienzyme-modified electrochemical biosensors for the detection of creatinine based on commercial screen-printed carbon...
Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzym...
Gonadal hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) and its receptors are key regulators of gene transcription by binding to estrogen responsive elements in the genome. Besides the classical genomic action, E2 regulates gene transcription via the modification of...
The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex that synthesizes protein in all living organisms. Ribosome biogenesis is a complex process that requires synchronization of various cellular events, including ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, ribos...
In this study, C. esculentus porous starch (PS) and C. esculentus cross-linked porous starch (CPS) were prepared by enzymatic modification and sodium phytate cross-linking, and their physicochemical and structural properties were determined. The resu...
The Dph1•Dph2 heterodimer from yeast is a radical SAM (RS) enzyme that generates the 3-amino-3-carboxy-propyl (ACP) precursor for diphthamide, a clinically relevant modification on eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). ACP formation requires SA...
Starch-based bioplastics are renewable and biodegradable, but their wider use is constrained by moisture sorption, humidity-dependent aging, insufficient tensile performance, and weak water- and oxygen barrier stability. This review critically synthe...
Nucleotide modifications in the anticodons of transfer RNAs (tRNA) play a central role in translation efficiency, fidelity, and regulation of translation, but, for most of these modifications, the details of their function remain unknown. The heter...
Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 (DSM 15243) is a bacterium that converts syngas (a mixture of CO, H2, and CO2) into hexanol. An optimized and scaled-up industrial process could therefore provide a renewable source of fuels and chemicals while consumin...
Nanozymes, a kind of nanoparticles with enzyme-mimicking activities, have attracted considerable attention due to their robust catalytic properties, ease of preparation, and resistance to harsh conditions. By combining nanozymes with surface-enhanced...
Post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications are very important for the control and optimal efficiency of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Among these, methylation is the most widespread modification, as it is found in all domains of li...
The colorimetric signal readout method is widely used in visualized analyses for its advantages, including visualization of test results, simple and fast operations, low detection cost and fast response time. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which not on...
To date, numerous modified nucleosides in tRNA as well as tRNA modification enzymes have been identified not only in thermophiles but also in mesophiles. Because most modified nucleosides in tRNA from thermophiles are common to those in tRNA from mes...
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive cellular metabolite that glycates lysine and arginine residues to form post-translational modifications known as advanced glycation end products. Because of their low abundance and low stoichiometry, few studi...
13 September 2019
To improve the biodegradation efficiency of fluoroquinolone antibiotics during sewage treatment, fluoroquinolone aerobic, anaerobic and facultative degrading enzymes for fluoroquinolone degradation were modified by molecular docking and homology mode...
Phytochemicals belonging to the group of alkaloids are signature specialized metabolites endowed with countless biological activities. Plants are armored with these naturally produced nitrogenous compounds to combat numerous challenging environmental...
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