Analyzing the robustness of networks against random failures or malicious attacks is a critical research issue in network science, as it contributes to enhancing the robustness of beneficial networks and effectively dismantling harmful ones. Most stu...
Vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 clusters with high attack rates are very rare. They paralyze affected section/s of the institution; thus, awareness of them is important. This is an analysis of a vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 cluster with an 88% attack...
Contact tracing outcome indicators, such as symptom development (SD) and secondary attack rate (SAR) among close contacts (CCs), are key to understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This study analyses SD and SAR and estimates the incubation period (IP)...
24 March 2022
This study aimed to elucidate the household secondary attack rate (HSAR) of the Delta variant in comparison to the Alpha variant, and evaluate the risk factors among unvaccinated household contacts of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)...
25 August 2021
Household secondary attack rate (HSAR) by risk factor might have a higher transmission rate between spouses. We investigated risk factors for the HSAR among non-spousal household contacts of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We studi...
Low-rate denial of service (LDoS) attacks reduce the quality of network service by sending periodical packet bursts to the bottleneck routers. It is difficult to detect by counter-DoS mechanisms due to its stealthy and low average attack traffic beha...
As drones are widely employed in various industries and daily life, concerns regarding their safety have been gradually emerging. Denial of service (DoS) attacks have become one of the most significant threats to the stability of resource-constrained...
Anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) complement signature-based detection methods to identify unknown (zero-day) attacks. The integration of machine and deep learning enhanced the efficiency of such NIDSs. However, since anomaly-...
Knowledge-Defined Networks (KDNs) are at serious risk due to Low-Rate Flow-Table (LoFT) attacks, which covertly deplete switch flow tables while eluding traditional detection systems. In order to precisely identify such attacks in real time, this pap...
Software-defined networking (SDN) improves network programmability by separating network control from packet forwarding. However, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) and low-rate attacks can exhaust network and service resources through different tr...
The initial attack is a critical phase in firefighting efforts, where the first batch of resources are deployed to prevent the spread of the fire. This study aimed to analyze and understand the factors that impact the success of the initial attack, a...
30 June 2022
This study investigated the household secondary attack rate (HSAR) of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the omicron variant-dominant period. The HSAR of COVID-19 cases during the omicron variant-dominant period (4–20 January 2...
Although continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) systems have unconditional security in theory, there are still many cyber attacking strategies proposed that exploit the loopholes of hardware devices and algorithms. At present, few studi...
Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new networking paradigm that provides centralized control, programmability, and a global view of topology in the controller. SDN is becoming more popular due to its high audibility, which also raises security an...
With the rapid advancement and transformation of technology, information and communication technologies (ICT), in particular, have attracted everyone’s attention. The attackers took advantage of this and can caused serious problems, such as mal...
Federated Learning (FL) is vulnerable to backdoor attacks in which attackers inject malicious behaviors into the global model. To counter these attacks, existing works mainly introduce sophisticated defenses by analyzing model parameters and utilizin...
This paper aims to address the exponential stability and stabilization problems for a class of delayed nonlinear Markov jump systems under randomly occurring Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks and packet loss. Firstly, the stochastic characteristics of...
Today, the development of the Internet of Things has grown, and the number of related IoT devices has reached the order of tens of billions. Most IoT devices are vulnerable to attacks, especially DdoS (Distributed Denial of Service attack) attacks. D...
Background: Hospital health care workers are at high risk of developing COVID-19 and transmitting the disease to their family upon returning home; the aim here is to estimate the secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts of health care...
Slowloris is a well-known application-layer Denial of Service (DoS) attack that is challenging to detect due to its low-rate nature, allowing it to blend with legitimate traffic and remain unnoticed. Our hypothesis is that deliberate prolongation of...
Machine learning-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulation, but the robustness literature for tabular NIDS data is still dominated by single-model, single-dataset, and non-adaptive evaluations. In...
In this study, distributed security estimation problems for networked stochastic uncertain systems subject to stochastic deception attacks are investigated. In sensor networks, the measurement data of sensor nodes may be attacked maliciously in the p...
In cluster-based wireless sensor networks, cluster heads (CHs) gather and fuse data packets from sensor nodes; then, they forward fused packets to the sink node (SN). This helps wireless sensor networks balance energy effectively and efficiently to p...
Sensor data has been used in social security and welfare infrastructures such as insurance and medical care to provide personalized products and services; there is a risk that attackers can alter sensor data to obtain unfair benefits. We consider tha...
Machine learning (ML) detectors of web and application programming interface (API) attacks report near-perfect laboratory performance but overwhelm analysts with false alerts in production. We argue analytically and support experimentally that when t...
Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) has its benefits compared to other biometric verification methods, such as face recognition. It is convenient, low cost, and more privacy protected, so it can start being used for various practical applications. H...
Coordinated cyber attacks tamper with measurement data to disrupt the situational awareness of active distribution systems. Various sensors report measurements asynchronously at different rates, which introduces challenges during state estimation. In...
During the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, healthcare systems worldwide have to prevent nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission while maintaining duty of care. In our study, we characterize the transmission d...
Improving network performance has become an active area of research in light of recent advances in Internet of Things sensor networks. This performance depends on configurable parameters at the transmitting node, including the contention window (CW),...
The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.), attack progression (adult and larval galleries) and parental and offspring mortality rate were assessed in managed forests of the Poiana Ruscă and Bihor Mountains, along with Western Romanian Carpath...
The cognitive radio network (CRN) is vulnerable to various newly-arising attacks targeting the weaknesses of cognitive radio (CR) communication and networking. In this paper, we focus on improving the secrecy performance of CR communications in a dec...
Intel Trust Domain Extensions (TDX) is a Confidential Virtual Machine (CVM) technology that provides hardware-enforced isolation through Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). While TDX effectively mitigates interrupt-based stepping attacks, it remai...
In this article, we present the use of risk terrain modeling for the risk assessment of explosive ATM attacks in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. We give a brief overview of three methods used for this purpose: risk terrain modeling, recapture rate i...
Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) is a voracious predator all over the world where aphids have found a niche. Behavioral studies of C. septempunctata are very important to make them effective bio-controllers. Therefore, this study explains t...
23 December 2022
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs’ benefits are overall consensual; however, during exercise, progressive physiological effects have not been studied yet in cardiac patients. O...
Construction and demolition wastes (C&DWs) have raised a large number of ecological and environmental problems. Recycling C&DWs into arecycled concrete aggregate (RCA) will help save natural resources effectively and reduce the negative impac...
Internet of Things (IoT) traffic anomaly detection is essential for limiting device compromise and large-scale attacks. Existing detectors may miss attack families absent from model development, while heterogeneous benign traffic makes it difficult t...
Blockchain networks face a critical but understudied threat: wave attacks that exploit difficulty adjustment algorithms through strategic mining participation. Adversaries cyclically withdraw and re-enter mining to create oscillations that degrade ne...
Using classical and genomic epidemiology, we tracked the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya over 23 months to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on its progression. SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and testing data were obtained from the Kenya Ministry of He...
Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a voracious predator of soft-bodied insects such as juveniles of scale insects and the black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is an important pest of several crops, such...
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major pest of several economically important crops with worldwide distribution. Use of insecticides is the principal strategy for its management, which has subsequently led to insecticide re...
Security threats in the integrated circuit (IC) supply chain are intensifying as demand drives fabrication to off-shore, potentially untrusted foundries. To mitigate theft and reverse engineering, recent work has focused on logic locking, encryption,...
In recent research, there has been a significant focus on establishing robust quantum cryptography using the continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocol based on Gaussian modulation of coherent states (GMCS). Unlike more stable fib...
We analysed data collected at the Innsbruck Alpenzoo (Tyrol, Austria) over 33 years (1988–2020). We examined data from 4542 wild birds of 137 species that were rescued in the increasingly urbanised and densely populated Inn Valley around Innsbr...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of index case vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission to household contacts. In our epidemiological cohort study (May 2022–November 2023), we surveyed registered index case vaccination status and...
Cyanopterus ninghais (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a newly discovered parasitoid on the 3rd-5th instar larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We investigated the functional response of C. ninghais at thre...
This paper presents a probabilistic methodology for assessing power system resilience, motivated by the extreme weather storm experienced in Iceland in December 2019. The methodology is built on the basis of models and data available to the Icelandic...
In this paper, we address the challenge of fingerprint liveness detection by proposing a dual pre-trained model approach that combines VGG16 and ResNet50 architectures. While existing methods often rely on a single feature extraction model, they may...
Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks aim to deplete the network bandwidth and computing resources of targeted victims. Low-rate DDoS attacks exploit protocol features such as the transmission control protocol (TCP) three-way handshake mechani...
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication networks are highly vulnerable to eavesdropping due to their open and dynamic air–ground channels, making physical layer security (PLS) a critical design requirement. Existing security mechanisms ofte...
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