Blockchain and AI: Innovations and Applications in ICT

A special issue of Information (ISSN 2078-2489). This special issue belongs to the section "Information and Communications Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2025 | Viewed by 3219

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Infocomm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
Interests: blockchain applications; smart contract security; resilience and traffic engineering in next-generation networks (NGNs)

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Infocomm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
Interests: applied AI; federated learning for smart homes/workplaces; mobile and wearable sensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The convergence of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) signifies a paradigm shift in information and communications technology (ICT). While AI offers advanced data processing capabilities, intelligent decision-making, and automation, which can significantly enhance operational efficiencies, blockchain, underpinned by distributed ledger technology (DLT), has emerged as one of the most disruptive technologies. Its key features, i.e., decentralization, tamper-resistance, immutability, and transparency, have the potential to revolutionize various industry verticals and horizontals.

Current research on blockchain focuses on cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Ethereum; however, there is a vast, untapped potential for blockchain applications beyond the financial sector. This Special Issue will explore the broad spectrum of innovations and applications where blockchain and AI intersect within ICT. We request original research articles/review articles that delve into the practical and theoretical aspects of these technologies, highlighting their synergistic benefits and transformative potential. We also request papers addressing security and privacy issues related to blockchain and smart contracts, as well as the development of tools and methods for their verification and validation.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Blockchain in fintech for secure, decentralized networks;
  • Transparent and secure financial transactions using blockchain;
  • Data integrity and security in financial Blockchain systems;
  • AI-driven analytics and fraud detection using blockchain in fintech;
  • Validation and security of smart contracts in finance;
  • Deep learning and generative models for fraud detection and risk;
  • Federated learning for privacy-preserving financial analytics using blockchain;
  • Foundation models (e.g., LLMs) in blockchain financial analytics;
  • Secure payments and decentralized finance (DeFi) using blockchain and AI;
  • Investment management, credit scoring, and loans using blockchain and AI.

We encourage researchers to contribute to this Special Issue, as we will highlight the diverse and transformative potential of blockchain and AI in ICT. We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Purnima Murali Mohan
Dr. Pai Chet Ng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Information is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • blockchain
  • artificial intelligence
  • IoT (Tnternet of Things)
  • next-generation networks
  • smart homes
  • fintech
  • smart contracts
  • privacy and security
  • data management
  • federated learning

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 18192 KiB  
Article
AML-Based Multi-Dimensional Co-Evolution Approach Supported by Blockchain: Architecture Design and Case Study on Intelligent Production Lines for Industry 4.0
by Kai Ding, Detlef Gerhard and Liuqun Fan
Information 2025, 16(3), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16030243 - 18 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 331
Abstract
Based on Automation ML (AML), Intelligent Production Lines (IPLs) for Industry 4.0 can effectively organize multi-dimensional data and models. However, this process requires interdisciplinary and multi-team contributions, which often involve the dual pressures of private data encryption and public data sharing. As a [...] Read more.
Based on Automation ML (AML), Intelligent Production Lines (IPLs) for Industry 4.0 can effectively organize multi-dimensional data and models. However, this process requires interdisciplinary and multi-team contributions, which often involve the dual pressures of private data encryption and public data sharing. As a transparent decentralized network, blockchain’s compatibility with the challenges of AML collaboration processes, data security, and privacy is not ideal. This paper proposes a new method to enhance the collaborative evolution of IPLs. Its innovations are, firstly, developing a comprehensive two-layer management model, combining blockchain with the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) to build an integrated solution for private and public hybrid containers based on a collaborative model; secondly, designing a version co-evolution management method by combining smart contract workflows and AML multi-dimensional modeling processes; meanwhile, introducing a specially designed conflict resolution mechanism based on the graph model to maintain consistency in version multi-batch management and; finally, using the test cases established in the lab’s I5Blocks for verification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain and AI: Innovations and Applications in ICT)
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14 pages, 2024 KiB  
Article
An Enhanced Multi-Layer Blockchain Security Model for Improved Latency and Scalability
by Basem Mohamed Elomda, Taher Abouzaid Abdelaty Abdelbary, Hesham Ahmed Hassan, Kamal S. Hamza and Qasem Kharma
Information 2025, 16(3), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16030241 - 18 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 428
Abstract
The Multi-Layer Blockchain Security Model (MLBSM) proposed in 2024 was designed to safeguard Internet of Things (IoT) networks, as well as similar network architectures, against transaction privacy leakage in public blockchain systems. MLBSM also addresses critical issues like latency, ensuring faster transaction speeds [...] Read more.
The Multi-Layer Blockchain Security Model (MLBSM) proposed in 2024 was designed to safeguard Internet of Things (IoT) networks, as well as similar network architectures, against transaction privacy leakage in public blockchain systems. MLBSM also addresses critical issues like latency, ensuring faster transaction speeds through clustering and parallel processing. This paper presents a new extension to the Multi-Layer Blockchain Security Model (MLBSM). The proposed model is called the Enhanced Multi-Layer Blockchain Security Model (EMLBSM). The proposed EMLBSM will solve latency issues by compressing and reducing the layers of the MLBSM through merging layer2 and layer3 in the MLBSM. This paper describes the required enhanced solution for latency and scalability problems that were found in the MLBSM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain and AI: Innovations and Applications in ICT)
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Review

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33 pages, 2390 KiB  
Review
Green NFTs: Technologies Related to Energy-Efficient Non-Fungible Tokens
by Zacharoula Sereti, Emmanouil Mavrikos, Christos Cholevas and George E. Tsekouras
Information 2025, 16(4), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16040305 - 11 Apr 2025
Viewed by 299
Abstract
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets powered by blockchain technology, enabling secure and decentralized ownership and monetization across diverse industries. However, their energy consumption is primarily linked to energy-intensive consensus mechanisms and has raised significant environmental concerns. This survey provides a comprehensive [...] Read more.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets powered by blockchain technology, enabling secure and decentralized ownership and monetization across diverse industries. However, their energy consumption is primarily linked to energy-intensive consensus mechanisms and has raised significant environmental concerns. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and use of token standards and blockchain workflows in developing green NFT technologies, emphasizing the transition to energy-efficient consensus mechanisms. By seamlessly blending technological acumen with a discerning gaze, the current analysis suggests that, apart from the blockchain consensus mechanisms, the environmental impact of NFTs should also be investigated and linked to certain blockchain factors such as interoperability, scalability, sustainability, and Layer-2 scaling solutions. As such, the current endeavor offers a perspective on the symbiotic relationship between blockchain and NFTs by identifying pathways to balance innovation with environmental stewardship. Finally, this paper offers valuable insights into the role of green NFTs in fostering sustainable digital economies by exploring under-represented applications in various economic and industrial domains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain and AI: Innovations and Applications in ICT)
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40 pages, 5076 KiB  
Review
The Evolution and Optimization Strategies of a PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchains
by Fujiang Yuan, Xia Huang, Long Zheng, Lusheng Wang, Yuxin Wang, Xinming Yan, Shaojie Gu and Yanhong Peng
Information 2025, 16(4), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16040268 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1277
Abstract
With the rapid development of blockchain technology, consensus algorithms have become a significant research focus. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), as a widely used consensus mechanism in consortium blockchains, has undergone numerous enhancements in recent years. However, existing review studies primarily emphasize broad [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of blockchain technology, consensus algorithms have become a significant research focus. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), as a widely used consensus mechanism in consortium blockchains, has undergone numerous enhancements in recent years. However, existing review studies primarily emphasize broad comparisons of different consensus algorithms and lack an in-depth exploration of PBFT optimization strategies. The lack of such a review makes it challenging for researchers and practitioners to identify the most effective optimizations for specific application scenarios. In this paper, we review the improvement schemes of PBFT from three key directions: communication complexity optimization, dynamic node management, and incentive mechanism integration. Specifically, we explore hierarchical networking, adaptive node selection, multi-leader view switching, and a hybrid consensus model incorporating staking and penalty mechanisms. Finally, this paper presents a comparative analysis of these optimization strategies, evaluates their applicability across various scenarios, and offers insights into future research directions for consensus algorithm design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain and AI: Innovations and Applications in ICT)
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