The problem of effective immobilization of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) is key to the successful development of nuclear energy. The possibility of using the magnesium potassium phosphate (MKP) compound for LRW immobilization on the example of nitri...
This article briefly reviews topics related to actinide research discussed at the virtual workshop Atomic Structure of Actinides & Related Topics organized by the University of Mainz, the Helmholtz Institute Mainz, and the GSI Helmholtz Centre fo...
Pyrite/arsenopyrite (Py-AsPy), galena (PbS), and sphalerite (ZnS) concentrates from the flotation plants of Olympias and Stratoni (Kassandra mines, Chalkidiki, N. Greece) were investigated for their major, trace, minor, and critical element contents,...
The current policy of managing high-level waste (HLW) derived in the closed nuclear fuel cycle consists in their vitrification into B-Si or Al-P vitreous forms. These compounds have rather limited capacity with respect to the HLW (5–20 wt%), an...
A program of research towards the high-resolution optical spectroscopy of actinide elements for the study of fundamental nuclear structure is currently ongoing at the IGISOL facility of the University of Jyväskylä. One aspect of this work i...
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to explore and assess the effects of the relativistic spin–orbit interaction and electron correlations in the actinide elements. Specifically, we address electron correlations in terms o...
The structure and bonding properties of 16 complexes formed by trivalent f elements (M=U, Np, Pu and lanthanides except for Pm and Pr) with cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and cyclohexylisonitrile (C≡NCy) ligands, (Cp)3M(C≡NCy), were studied by a j...
The rare earth elements (REEs) are characterized by the European Union (EU) as critical raw materials with a significant risk of supply because of their broad utility in both traditional and emerging technological applications. The growing demand for...
Tripodal multidentate ligands have become increasingly popular in f-element chemistry for stabilizing unusual bonding motifs and supporting small molecule activation processes. The steric and electronic effects of ligand donor atom substituents have...
New insights about the geochemical behavior of actinides and lanthanides in an old uranium mine are provided for the first time in this work. Fifteen samples (water, soil, and sediments) were collected inside and outside the Quinta do Bispo old mine...
Incorporation of lanthanide (Ln) and actinide (An) ions into the human body poses significant chemotoxic and radiotoxic risks, necessitating effective decorporation strategies. This study investigates the displacement of biologically relevant ligands...
The choice of efficient methods for the immobilization of high-level waste (HLW) resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is an important scientific and practical task. The current policy of managing HLW within a closed nuclear fue...
Development of a defensible source-term model (STM), usually a thermodynamical model for radionuclide solubility calculations, is critical to a performance assessment (PA) of a geologic repository for nuclear waste disposal. Such a model is generally...
The detection of gravitational waves and electromagnetic signals from the neutron star merger GW170817 has provided evidence that these astrophysical events are sites where the r-process nucleosynthesis operates. The electromagnetic signal, commonly...
This review covers the activation of molecular pnictogens (group 15 elements) by homogeneous rare earth and actinide complexes. All examples of molecular pnictogen activation (dinitrogen, white phosphorus, yellow arsenic) by both rare earths and acti...
The rare earth metals (scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and the subsequent 4f elements) and actinides (actinium and the 5f elements) are vital components of our technology-dominated society.[...]
The paper consists of two main parts: a microscopic and spectroscopic investigation of the single crystal of 17-year-old 238Pu-doped Eu-monazite, and a theoretical calculation of the properties of several structural types of orthophosphates. It is sh...
Recent advances (during the 2007–2014 period) in the coordination and organometallic chemistry of compounds containing natural and artificially prepared radionuclides (actinides and technetium), are reviewed. Radioactive isotopes of naturally stable...
We briefly review recent applications of the Regge pole analysis to low-energy 0.0 ≤ E ≤ 10.0 eV electron elastic collisions with large multi-electron atoms and fullerene molecules. We then conclude with a demonstration of the sensitivity of th...
The interaction of actinides and actinide alloys such as the δ-stabilized Pu-Ga alloy with iron is of interest to understand the impurity effects on phase stability. A newly developed and self-consistent CALPHAD thermodynamic database is presen...
Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is the main product of cement hydration and has also been shown to be the main sorbing phase of actinide ions interacting with cement. U(IV) has been chosen as an exemplary actinide ion to study actinide sorption at C...
N,O-donor hybrid heterocyclic extractants have great potential for separation of actinides from lanthanides in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing processes. We demonstrate that this type of reagents can be used for primary concentration of actinides con...
The heaviest actinide elements are only accessible in accelerator-based experiments on a one-atom-at-a-time level. Usually, fusion–evaporation reactions are applied to reach these elements. However, access to the neutron-rich isotopes is limite...
This article analyzes the lanthanum, cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, ytterbium, lutetium, uranium, and thorium content in humic acids within soil and paleosol surface horizons from the southern steppe in the Southern Urals. Research demonstrates...
With the detection of kilonova AT2017gfo, (binary) neutron star mergers emerged as possible astrophysical sites for heavy element nucleosynthesis via r-process. To verify this claim, it is key to identify elements such as lanthanides and actinides in...
Laser spectroscopic studies of elements in the heavy actinide and transactinide region help understand the nuclear ground state properties of these heavy systems. Pioneering experiments at GSI, Darmstadt identified the first atomic transitions in the...
RAdiation-Detected Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RADRIS) is a versatile method for highly sensitive laser spectroscopy studies of the heaviest actinides. Most of these nuclides need to be produced at accelerator facilities in fusion-evaporation...
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was undertaken using an instrument which used a high-powered microscope to deliver the light and tightly focused the low energy laser beam onto the surface of a solid sample. A micro-plasma was generated on...
Structural properties and water dissolution of six sodium–aluminum–phosphate (NAP) glasses have been investigated before and after irradiation by a gamma-ray source based on 60Co. Two of these samples were of simple composition, and four...
Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs) based on transition metals and rare earths have been the object of considerable attention for the past 25 years. These systems exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization, arising from a sizeable anisotropy barrier, an...
Boron, the neighbor element to carbon in the periodic table, is characterized by unique electron deficiency that fosters multicenter delocalized bonding, contributing to its diverse chemistry. Unlike carbon cages (fullerenes), which preserve their st...
The prediction of paramagnetic NMR (pNMR) chemical shifts in molecules containing heavy atoms presents a significant challenge to computational quantum chemistry. The importance of meeting this challenge lies in the central role that NMR plays in the...
Liquid metal cathodes, particularly liquid cadmium (Cd), are widely used in molten salt electrorefining and pyrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel due to their high electrical conductivity, strong affinity for actinides, and favorable alloyi...
The magnesian smectite hectorite is a corrosion product frequently detected in nuclear waste glass alteration experiments. The structural incorporation of a single trivalent lanthanide was previously demonstrated. Hectorite was presently synthesized,...
The transmutation of transuranic (TRU) elements produced by pressurized water reactors (PWRs) can effectively reduce their radioactive hazards. The molten chloride salt fast reactor (MCSFR) is a type of liquid-fueled molten salt reactor (MSR) using f...
The anthropogenic environment and diet introduce many metals into the human body, both essential and toxic. Absorption leads to systemic exposure and accumulation in body fluids and tissues. Both excess and deficiency of trace elements are health haz...
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the long-term effects of radiation on the structure of naturally occurring apatite in the hope of assessing its potential for use as a solid nuclear waste form for actinide sequestration over geologically relev...
The group theoretical description of the periodic system of elements in the framework of the Rumer–Fet model is considered. We introduce the concept of a single quantum system, the generating core of which is an abstract
Heavy metals represent a class of chemical elements that includes metalloids, bases and transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. They are distinguished for their toxicity in small concentrations and their negative effects on the environment and...
Breed and Burn (B&B) fuel cycle in molten salt reactors (MSRs) qualifies this reactor type as one of the best candidates to be developed for the Gen-IV R&D program. This feature can be approached by employing a closed fuel cycle and applicati...
To separate the long-lived minor actinides (MA = Am, Cm) from high-level liquid waste (HLLW), we have been studying an advanced separation process via selective adsorption that uses minimal amounts of organic solvent and compact equipment. The proces...
The Fock space relativistic coupled cluster method (FS-RCC) is one of the most promising tools of electronic structure modeling for atomic and molecular systems containing heavy nuclei. Until recently, capabilities of the FS-RCC method were severely...
This article reviews the state of the art of laser ablation and deposition techniques applied so far to more than 50 elements, including metals, metalloids and lanthanides, yielding a wide variety of compounds in the form of thin films. Laser deposit...
A-T-Al aluminides, where A = actinide, lanthanide or rare earth elements and T=transition metals, have attracted considerable attention as potential materials where heavy fermions may be formed. This led to the discovery of superconducting properties...
The last decade has seen a continued development of better experimental techniques to measure equation-of-state (EOS) for various materials. These improvements of both static and shock-compression approaches have increased the accuracy of the EOS and...
Previously, proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated that rare-earth elements (REEs) can be preferentially extracted from coal fly ash (CFA) solids using a recyclable ionic liquid (IL), betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N]). Wh...
Rare earth elements (REE) are essential in high-technology and environmental applications, where their importance and demand have grown enormously over the past decades. Many lanthanide and actinide minerals in nature are phosphates. Minerals like mo...
A ceramic–ceramic (CERCER) fuel with minor actinide-enriched ceramic fuel particles dispersed in a MgO ceramic matrix is chosen as a promising composite target for accelerator-driven systems (ADS). Fission swelling is a complex irradiation-indu...
Potentiometric multisensor systems were shown to be very promising tools for the quantification of numerous analytes in complex radioactive samples deriving from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Traditional multivariate calibration for these multisen...
In this paper, experiences of the last 20 years with the PERALS-technique are described. PERALS stands for photo electron-rejecting alpha liquid scintillation. This liquid scintillation technique was developed by Jack McDowell in the 1970s and is a p...
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