Marsupials typically possess very large, distinctive chromosomes that make them excellent subjects for cytogenetic analysis, and the high level of conservation makes it relatively easy to track chromosome evolution. There are two speciose marsupial f...
Many people wonder whether biology, including humans, will benefit or experience harm from new developments in information such as artificial intelligence (AI). Here, it is proposed that biological and non-biological information might be components o...
The problem of how a gradual development of ecological and morphological adaptations combines with large genome rearrangements, which have been found to occur in the phylogeny of many groups of organisms, is a matter of discussion in the literature....
The quantitative evolution pattern of pore space and genetic pore types along the maturation process in organic-rich shale reservoirs is unclear, which affects the assessment of shale storage capacity and petroleum production. A black shale outcrop s...
Background: Military logistics has been present from the moment a soldier was created, and its evolution has been influenced by the technology used. Indeed, it has been observed over time that every military revolution was intrinsically caused by a m...
This work introduces an approach to evolutionary analysis in which information encoded in amino-acid sequences is converted into a specific type of image, termed a genetic image. Genetic images derived from the amino-acid sequences of cytochrome b an...
Despite the long-standing recognition of nickel as an effective electrocatalyst for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the majority of extant studies primarily focus on initial catalytic performance or short-term stability under relative...
The production of β-lactamase enzymes is one of the most distributed resistance mechanisms towards β-lactam antibiotics. Metallo-β-lactamases constitute a worrisome group of these kinds of enzymes, since they present a broad spectrum profile, being...
The tectonic evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) remains controversial during the Tertiary. Qaidam Basin is the largest and highest plateau inland basin inside the Tibet Plateau. Sediments in the basin provide sedimentary records of the evolution...
The Songliao Basin in northeastern China is one of the largest and longest-lived Cretaceous sedimentary basins enriched in petroleum and geothermal resources worldwide. Although the modern Songliao Basin has a high geothermal gradient, the geological...
Experimental evolution in chemical models of cells could reveal the fundamental mechanisms of cells today. Various chemical cell models, water-in-oil emulsions, oil-on-water droplets, and vesicles have been constructed in order to conduct research on...
A key challenge in the development of sustainable water-splitting (WS) systems is the formulation of electrodes by efficient combinations of electrocatalyst and binder materials. Cellulose, a biopolymer, can be considered an excellent dispersing agen...
We classified evolution algebras of dimensions two and three. Evolution algebras of dimensions three were classified recently obtaining 116 non-isomorphic types of algebras. Herein, with a new approach, we classify these algebras into 14 non-isomorph...
Red algae (Rhodophyta) belong to the superphylum Archaeplastida, and are a species-rich group exhibiting diverse morphologies. Theory has it that the unicellular red algal ancestor went through a phase of genome contraction caused by adaptation to ex...
Multicellularity evolved repeatedly in the history of life, but how it unfolded varies greatly between different lineages. Dictyostelid social amoebas offer a good system to study the evolution of multicellular complexity, with a well-resolved phylog...
This work presents the main points of Deacon’s theory about the emergence of human language, which are summarized as follows: (1) a relaxed selection processes with the evolution of cooperative social life; (2) the development of first simple symboli...
Although hand grip strength is critical to the daily lives of humans and our arboreal great ape relatives, the human hand has changed in form and function throughout our evolution due to terrestrial bipedalism, tool use, and directional asymmetry (DA...
19 January 2020
Aspects of human evolutionary biology and prehistory are discussed in relation to vitamin D. The evolution of hairlessness, combined with the need for efficient eccrine sweat production for cooling, provided evolutionary pressure to protect the skin...
In the present paper, we examined the extendibility of evolution subalgebras generated by idempotents of evolution algebras. The extendibility of the isomorphism of such subalgebras to the entire algebra was investigated. Moreover, the existence of a...
The evolution of complex multicellularity in land plants represents a pivotal event in the history of life on Earth, characterized by significant increases in biological complexity. This transition, classified as a Major Evolutionary Transition (MET)...
Strong overpressure conditions are widely distributed in the deep Longmaxi Formation (Fm) shale reservoirs in the Southern Sichuan Basin, with pressure coefficients ranging from 1.75 to 2.45. Overpressure plays a positive role in the high yield of sh...
Experimental evolution studies, in which biological populations are evolved in a specific environment over time, can address questions about the nature of spontaneous mutations, responses to selection, and the origins and maintenance of novel traits....
The problem of quantum time and evolution of quantum systems, where time is not a parameter, is considered. In our model, following some earlier works, time is represented by a quantum operator. In this paper, similarly to the position operators in t...
Groundwater is a critical water resource for human survival and economic development in arid and semi-arid areas. It is crucial to understand the groundwater circulation and hydrochemical evolution for sustainable management and utilization of ground...
Microtubules are formed by α- and β-tubulin heterodimers nucleated with γ-tubulin. Tubulins are conserved eukaryotic proteins. Previously, it was shown that microtubules are involved in diatom silica frustule morphogenesis. Diatom fr...
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution interacted with non-empirical factors including a range of theological concerns. The influence of these theological concerns is typically modeled as secondary to that of empirical evidence. In both Darwin’s though...
Co-evolution is a major driving force shaping the outcome of host-parasite interactions over time. After host shifts, the lack of co-evolution can have a drastic impact on novel host populations. Nevertheless, it is known that Western honey bee (Apis...
There are no theorems (proven theories) in the biological sciences. We propose that the 3 31 nt minihelix tRNA evolution theorem be universally accepted as one. The 3 31 nt minihelix theorem completely describes the evolution of type I and type II tR...
This paper is devoted to the study of perturbation evolution problems involving time-dependent m-accretive operators. We present for a specific class of m-accretive operators with convex weakly compact-valued perturbation, some results about the exis...
The genus Streptococcus comprises a wide variety of pathogenic and commensal gram-positive bacteria, many of which the pathogenic species cause severe, invasive infections that account for a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Here, we reviewed t...
The simplest model of the evolution of agents with different energy strategies is considered. The model is based on the most general thermodynamic ideas and includes the procedures for selection, inheritance, and variability. The problem of finding a...
The structure, function, and services of urban ecosystems evolve over time scales from seconds to centuries as Earth’s population grows, infrastructure ages, and sociopolitical values alter them. In order to systematically study changes over time, th...
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major zoonotic pathogen causing hepatitis E, with strains identified in various animal species, including pigs, wild boar, rabbits, deer, camels, and rats. These variants are capable of crossing species barriers and infec...
The genomes of all organisms abound with various cis-regulatory elements, which control gene activity. Transcriptional enhancers are a key group of such elements in eukaryotes and are DNA regions that form physical contacts with gene promoters and pr...
Language is the most important evolutionary invention of the last few million years. How human language evolved from animal communication is a challenging question for evolutionary biology. In this paper we use mathematical models to analyze the majo...
The purpose of this study is to find the right model to plan and predict future evolution paths of an evolving software architecture based on past evolution data. Thus, in this paper, a model to represent the software architecture evolution process i...
Virus evolution is the change in the genetic structure of a viral population over time and results in the emergence of new viral variants, strains, and species with novel biological properties, including adaptation to new hosts. There are host, vecto...
With the present paper, we sought to use research findings to illustrate the following thesis: the evolution of language follows the principles of human evolution. We argued that language does not exist for its own sake, it is one of a multitude of s...
In the differential approach elaborated, we study the evolution of the parameters of Gaussian, mixed, continuous variable density matrices, whose dynamics are given by Hermitian Hamiltonians expressed as quadratic forms of the position and momentum o...
Studies on the domestication, genetic differentiation, and crop evolution of foxtail millet are reviewed in this paper. Several genetic studies were carried out to elucidate the genetic relationships among foxtail millet accessions originating mainly...
Based on a new model of a possible origin of life, we propose an efficient and stable system undergoing structural reproduction, self-optimization, and molecular evolution. This system is being formed under realistic conditions by the interaction of...
The rational regulation of catalysts with a well-controlled morphology and crystal structure has been demonstrated effective for optimizing the electrochemical performance. Herein, corrosion engineering was employed for the straightforward preparatio...
The Grammatical Evolution technique has been successfully applied to a wide range of problems in various scientific fields. However, in many cases, techniques that make use of Grammatical Evolution become trapped in local minima of the objective prob...
The mammalian brain varies in size by a factor of 100,000 and is composed of anatomically and functionally distinct structures. Theoretically, the manner in which brain composition can evolve is limited, ranging from highly modular (“mosaic evolution...
Studies on the experimental evolution of microorganisms, on their in vivo evolution (mainly in the case of bacteria producing chronic infections), as well as the availability of multiple full genomic sequences, are placing bacteria in the playground...
Because tRNA is the core biological intellectual property that was necessary to evolve translation systems, tRNAomes, ribosomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and the genetic code, the evolution of tRNA is the core story in evolution of life on earth....
The Jiajika rare-metal deposit located in western Sichuan Province (China) is renowned as the largest lithium deposit in Asia, and the No. 134 pegmatite dike is the largest lithium pegmatite under mining conditions in the area. On the basis of a deta...
Intrinsic disorder accounts for the flexibility of protein loops, molecular building blocks that are largely responsible for the processes and molecular functions of the living world. While loops likely represent early structural forms that served as...
A natural example of evolution can be described by a time-dependent two degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian. We choose the case where initially the Hamiltonian derives from a general cubic potential, the linearised system has frequencies 1 and
Due to the widespread occurrence of multidrug resistant microbes there is increasing interest in the use of novel nanostructured materials as antimicrobials. Specifically, metallic nanoparticles such as silver, copper, and gold have been deployed due...
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