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Mathematics, Volume 13, Issue 21

2025 November-1 - 214 articles

Cover Story: We introduce the Spatial Regime Conversion Method (SRCM), a novel hybrid framework for simulating reaction–diffusion systems that adaptively switches between stochastic and deterministic representations based on local concentrations. By combining discrete reaction-diffusion master equation dynamics with continuum partial differential equations, the SRCM avoids fixed spatial interfaces and captures essential stochastic features where needed, while maintaining computational efficiency. Validated across multiple test cases—including diffusion, morphogen gradient formation, and travelling waves—the SRCM offers a powerful and flexible tool for modelling spatially heterogeneous systems. View this paper
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Articles (214)

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
840 Views
41 Pages

6 November 2025

Since the early twentieth century, quantum mechanics has sought an interpretation that offers a consistent worldview. In the course of that, many proposals were advanced, but all of them introduce, at some point, interpretation elements (semantics) t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
537 Views
20 Pages

Tri-Invariance Contrastive Framework for Robust Unsupervised Person Re-Identification

  • Lei Wang,
  • Chengang Liu,
  • Xiaoxiao Wang,
  • Weidong Gao,
  • Xuejian Ge and
  • Shunjie Zhu

6 November 2025

Unsupervised person re-identification (Re-ID) has been proven very effective and it boosts the performance in learning representations from unlabeled data in the dataset. Most current methods have good accuracy, but there are two main problems. First...

  • Article
  • Open Access
487 Views
19 Pages

6 November 2025

The pervasive spread of Android malware poses significant threats to users and systems worldwide. In most existing studies, differences in feature importance are often overlooked, and the calculation of feature weights is conducted independently of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
722 Views
28 Pages

Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis of an MR Damper in Valve Mode Characterized by the Mason Number

  • Juan P. Escandón,
  • Juan R. Gómez,
  • René O. Vargas,
  • Edson M. Jimenez and
  • Rubén Mil-Martínez

6 November 2025

This work analyzes the hydrodynamic behavior of a magnetorheological valve, considering the microscopic fluid characteristics to generate a damper force. The magnetorheological fluid is composed of ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a non-magnetic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
468 Views
25 Pages

Compactness of the Complex Green Operator on C1 Pseudoconvex Boundaries in Stein Manifolds

  • Abdullah Alahmari,
  • Emad Solouma,
  • Marin Marin,
  • A. F. Aljohani and
  • Sayed Saber

6 November 2025

We study compactness for the complex Green operator Gq associated with the Kohn Laplacian b on boundaries of pseudoconvex domains in Stein manifolds. Let ΩX be a bounded pseudoconvex domain in a Stein manifold X of complex dimensi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
340 Views
18 Pages

6 November 2025

The characterization of SEP elements is a classical problem in generalized inverse theory. Most existing characterizations are formulated in terms of specific algebraic identities. This paper proposes a new approach based on polynomial equations with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
450 Views
23 Pages

6 November 2025

In this study, we analyze a multi-species mutualistic Lotka–Volterra model with Lévy jumps and regime-switching. A defining feature of the work lies in modeling the random environment through state-dependent switching in an infinite coun...

  • Article
  • Open Access
411 Views
26 Pages

6 November 2025

Wirelessly charging unmanned aerial vehicles (WCUAVs) can complete charging tasks without human intervention and may help us efficiently collect various types of geographically dispersed data in unmanned data collection systems (UDCSs). However, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
412 Views
12 Pages

6 November 2025

In this paper, by introducing a general homogeneous kernel function and several parameters, we establish a new Hardy–Hilbert-type integral inequality involving two derivative functions of higher-order. For the resulting inequality, we determine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
414 Views
15 Pages

6 November 2025

In this paper, we introduce and investigate new subclasses of analytic bi-univalent functions defined via Caputo fractional derivatives with boundary rotation constraints. Utilizing the generalized operator Cȷϱ, which encompasses and exten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
364 Views
15 Pages

6 November 2025

Multiple regression analysis has a wide range of applications. The analysis of error structures in regression model Y=ΓX+Z has also attracted much attention. This paper focuses on large-scale precision matrix of the error vector that only has l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
617 Views
20 Pages

A New 5D Chaotic Supply Chain System with Transport Lag: Modeling, Bifurcation Analysis, Offset Boosting Control and Synchronization

  • Muhamad Deni Johansyah,
  • Khaled Benkouider,
  • Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan,
  • Aceng Sambas and
  • Chittineni Aruna

6 November 2025

This paper introduces an enhanced five-dimensional Chaotic Supply Chain Model (5DCSCM) by incorporating a transport lag variable into a previously established four-dimensional model. The newly added differential equation in the transit dynamics of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
575 Views
34 Pages

6 November 2025

This paper analyzes a finite-capacity GI/M/2/N queue with two heterogeneous servers operating under a multiple working-vacation policy, Bernoulli feedback, and customer impatience. Using the supplementary-variable technique in tandem with a tailored...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
405 Views
18 Pages

6 November 2025

This study proposes an adaptive broad learning strategy for a two-degree-of-freedom helicopter system based on specified performance and dynamic event-triggered. First, broad learning is employed to approximate system uncertainties. Compared to radia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
585 Views
34 Pages

6 November 2025

The crisis of research integrity triggered by academic misconduct, such as scientific fraud and paper retractions, has emerged as a critical issue demanding urgent resolution within the academic community. Blockchain (BC), with its core features of d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
950 Views
20 Pages

6 November 2025

This study examines the exposure of the U.S. insurance sector to climate-related risks using a two-step approach combining factor modeling and Extreme Value Theory. The analysis first constructs a climate risk factor from transition-sensitive sectors...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
764 Views
19 Pages

6 November 2025

This paper analyzes a finite-capacity Markovian queueing system with two customer types, each assigned to a separate buffer, and a single alternating server whose service priority is dynamically controlled by a queue-length-based threshold policy. Th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
632 Views
57 Pages

5 November 2025

Coordination algorithms are required to minimise congestion when every robot in a robotic swarm has a common target area to visit. Some of these algorithms use artificial potential fields to enable path planning to become distributed and local. An ef...

  • Article
  • Open Access
636 Views
23 Pages

5 November 2025

Urban infrastructure planning is central to advancing sustainable cities, but project success increasingly depends on public acceptance as well as technical, economic, and environmental performance. This study develops a fuzzy–grey multi-criter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,203 Views
23 Pages

A Data-Driven Framework for Flight Delay Propagation Forecasting During Extreme Weather

  • Jiuxia Guo,
  • Jingyuan Li,
  • Jiang Yuan,
  • Yungui Yang and
  • Zihao Ren

5 November 2025

Flight delays during extreme weather events exhibit spatio-temporal propagation and cascading effects, posing serious challenges to the resilience of aviation systems. Existing prediction approaches often neglect dynamic dependencies across flight ch...

  • Article
  • Open Access
339 Views
12 Pages

5 November 2025

This study examines the stability and instability of a Casson fluid in a horizontal porous medium with magnetic effect using linear and global theories. Both linear and nonlinear analyses are conducted using the normal modes. The study proves that th...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
410 Views
13 Pages

5 November 2025

The method of particular solutions (MPS) has been widely applied for solving various types of partial differential equations. In this paper, the space–time collocation technique is implemented using MPS with polynomial basis functions (MPS-PBF)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
604 Views
26 Pages

Expanding the Scope: Modified Fortescue Theory for Frequency Unbalance Resolution in Control Strategies

  • Karim Mansouri,
  • Brahim Metoui,
  • Cristian Nichita,
  • Amr Yousef and
  • Ezzeddine Touti

5 November 2025

To analyze unbalanced electrical systems, the mathematical technique “symmetrical components method” developed by Charles LeGeyt Fortescue in the early 20th century has been very successful in this field. By decomposing three-phase system...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,153 Views
31 Pages

A Case Study of a Transportation Company Modeled as a Scheduling Problem

  • Cristina Tobar-Fernández,
  • Ana Dolores López-Sánchez and
  • Jesús Sánchez-Oro

5 November 2025

This case study tackles a real-world problem of a transportation company that is modeled as a scheduling optimization problem. The main goal of the considered problem is to schedule the maximum number of jobs that must be performed by vehicles over a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
724 Views
25 Pages

5 November 2025

While recent advances have successfully integrated neural networks with physical models to derive numerical solutions, there remains a compelling need to obtain exact analytical solutions. The ability to extract closed-form expressions from these mod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
743 Views
29 Pages

5 November 2025

This paper presents a detailed performance evaluation of a proposed Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) system for Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) in doubly dispersive wireless channels, characterized by both delay and Doppler spreads...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
463 Views
12 Pages

5 November 2025

This paper addresses the problem where optimizing a single production shop within a production chain may not improve the overall performance of the entire chain. To overcome this and synchronize the efficiency of each shop, methods are proposed to al...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
680 Views
22 Pages

5 November 2025

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a promising technology for future sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. They are airborne vehicles that act either as as flying relays or base stations (BS) to provide the line-of-sight (LOS) transmission, enabl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
485 Views
22 Pages

4 November 2025

Combination drug treatment plays a central role in addressing complex diseases by enhancing the therapeutic benefit while mitigating adverse effects. However, determining optimal dose levels remains challenging due to additive drug effects, competing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
446 Views
17 Pages

4 November 2025

Coal block image segmentation is of great significance for obtaining the particle size distribution and specific gravity information of ores. However, the existing methods are limited by harsh environments, such as dust, complex shapes, and the uneve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
372 Views
15 Pages

4 November 2025

In this paper, we study a cognitive relay Internet of Things (IoT) network aided by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with multiple antennas. The UAV performs relaying for secondary communication under stringent interference constraints impos...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
459 Views
33 Pages

4 November 2025

Hedge algebra is a powerful and flexible tool for handling linguistic information, enabling precise quantitative computations and enhancing the effectiveness of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). This study proposes a novel integrated fuzzy MCDM...

  • Article
  • Open Access
837 Views
17 Pages

Mono-ViM: A Self-Supervised Mamba Framework for Monocular Depth Estimation in Endoscopic Scenes

  • Shengli Chen,
  • Yuming Chen,
  • Xiaoang Xu,
  • Jiahao Li,
  • Ke Ye and
  • Tianzuo Chang

4 November 2025

Self-supervised depth estimation methods enable the recovery of scene depth information from monocular endoscopic images, thereby assisting endoscopic navigation. However, existing monocular endoscopic depth estimation methods generally fail to captu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
500 Views
9 Pages

Diffusion in Heterogeneous Media with Stochastic Resetting and Pauses

  • Ervin K. Lenzi,
  • Luciano R. da Silva and
  • Marcelo K. Lenzi

4 November 2025

Diffusion in heterogeneous environments is usually governed by unusual dynamics, exhibiting sub- or superdiffusive scaling depending on the structural complexity and memory effects. In many systems, diffusing particles may alternate between periods o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
841 Views
24 Pages

Fuzzy MCDM Methodology Application in Analysis of Annual Operational Efficiency in Passenger and Freight Air Transport

  • Nikola Petrović,
  • Dragan Marinković,
  • Nikola Komatina,
  • Marija Runić-Ristić,
  • Tahir Masood Qureshi and
  • Aleksandar Aleksić

4 November 2025

The airline industry plays a vital role in global mobility and international trade, which makes the evaluation of its operational efficiency an important strategic task. This study evaluates and ranks the operational performance of passenger and frei...

  • Article
  • Open Access
707 Views
19 Pages

4 November 2025

As technical discussions surrounding next-generation 6G networks are gaining momentum, dynamic and flexible network operation and management technologies remain essential for supporting services with diverse requirements. Specifically, the emergence...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
573 Views
15 Pages

4 November 2025

Recent developments of Normalized Compressed Distance (NCD) matrices show potential to become a widely used method to develop phylogenetic trees among a group of organisms. However, such NCD matrices lack the biological and evolutionary context that...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
819 Views
25 Pages

4 November 2025

To address the key challenges in shortest path planning for known static obstacle maps—such as the tendency to converge to local optima in U-shaped/narrow obstacle regions, unbalanced computational efficiency, and suboptimal path quality—...

  • Article
  • Open Access
484 Views
23 Pages

4 November 2025

This paper investigates a new class of two-dimensional fuzzy difference equations that integrate logarithmic nonlinearities with interaction effects between system variables. Motivated by the need to model complex dynamical systems influenced by unce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
530 Views
26 Pages

A Bedbug Optimization-Based Machine Learning Framework for Software Fault Prediction

  • Bahman Arasteh,
  • Seyed Salar Sefati,
  • Eduard-Cristian Popovici,
  • Ibrahim Furkan Ince and
  • Farzad Kiani

4 November 2025

Predicting software faults and identifying defective modules is a significant challenge in developing reliable software products. Machine Learning (ML) approaches on the historical fault datasets are utilized to classify faulty software modules. The...

  • Article
  • Open Access
398 Views
24 Pages

The Design of a Rocket Angular Stabilization System Based on Stability and Performance Indices Using the Coefficient Method

  • Meirbek Moldabekov,
  • Alisher Aden,
  • Yerkin Orazaly,
  • Nuriya Zhumabekova and
  • Madi Kaliyev

4 November 2025

This paper proposes a coefficient-based method for designing a rocket angular stabilization system that yields an explicit, direct solution for determining the parameters of a PID control law from specified stability and performance indices. Lineariz...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,892 Views
19 Pages

4 November 2025

New AI technologies have empowered e-commerce personalized recommendation systems, many of which now leverage time-series forecasting to capture dynamic user preferences. However, buyers’ algorithm aversion hinders these systems from realizing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
405 Views
24 Pages

3 November 2025

The construction of self-dual and linear complementary dual (LCD) codes over finite rings, particularly over semi-local and local structures, is an active area of research due to their algebraic richness and applications in communications and cryptog...

  • Article
  • Open Access
377 Views
17 Pages

3 November 2025

In this paper, we prove that the Taylor expansions of analytic functions appearing in the linearization of quadratic maps at hyperbolic fixed points do not successfully approximate invariant manifolds, such as stable and unstable manifolds, when high...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
642 Views
34 Pages

A New Perspective on the Convergence of Mean-Based Methods for Nonlinear Equations

  • Alicia Cordero,
  • María Emilia Maldonado Machuca and
  • Juan R. Torregrosa

3 November 2025

Many problems in science, engineering, and economics require solving of nonlinear equations, often arising from attempts to model natural systems and predict their behavior. In this context, iterative methods provide an effective approach to approxim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
720 Views
18 Pages

3 November 2025

Nonlinear optimization (NLO) is widely applicable to model and solve decision problems arising in engineering, economic, financial, and scientific studies. Due to the general scope of NLO, optimization model difficulty varies substantially, requiring...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
269 Views
39 Pages

3 November 2025

In this paper, we study a hyperbolic–elliptic system with L1-initial data, which arises as a mathematical model for chemotaxis. In particular, after introducing the notion of entropy solutions in this setting, we prove results concerning the ex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
490 Views
19 Pages

Edge k-Product Cordial Labeling of Trees

  • Jenisha Jeganathan,
  • Maged Z. Youssef,
  • Jeya Daisy Kruz,
  • Jeyanthi Pon,
  • Wai-Chee Shiu and
  • Ibrahim Al-Dayel

3 November 2025

The concepts of k-product cordial labeling and edge product cordial labeling were introduced in 2012 and further explored by various researchers. Building on these ideas, we define a new concept called ‘edge k-product cordial labeling’ as...

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Mathematics - ISSN 2227-7390