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Open AccessArticle
Efficient Image Segmentation of Coal Blocks Using an Improved DIRU-Net Model
by
Jingyi Liu
Jingyi Liu 1,
Gaoxia Fan
Gaoxia Fan 2,* and
Balaiti Maimutimin
Balaiti Maimutimin 2
1
College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2
School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2025, 13(21), 3541; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213541 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 September 2025
/
Revised: 29 October 2025
/
Accepted: 3 November 2025
/
Published: 4 November 2025
Abstract
Coal block image segmentation is of great significance for obtaining the particle size distribution and specific gravity information of ores. However, the existing methods are limited by harsh environments, such as dust, complex shapes, and the uneven distribution of light, color and texture. To address these challenges, based on the backbone of the U-Net encoder and decoder, and combining the characteristics of dilated convolution and inverted residual structures, we propose a lightweight deep convolutional network (DIRU-Net) for coal block image segmentation. We have also constructed a high-quality dataset of conveyor belt coal block images, solving the problem that there are currently no publicly available datasets. We comprehensively evaluated DIRU-Net in the coal block dataset and compared it with other state-of-the-art coal block segmentation methods. DIRU-Net outperforms all methods in terms of segmentation performance and lightweight. Among them, the segmentation accuracy rate reaches 94.8%, and the parameter size is only 0.77 MB.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Liu, J.; Fan, G.; Maimutimin, B.
Efficient Image Segmentation of Coal Blocks Using an Improved DIRU-Net Model. Mathematics 2025, 13, 3541.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213541
AMA Style
Liu J, Fan G, Maimutimin B.
Efficient Image Segmentation of Coal Blocks Using an Improved DIRU-Net Model. Mathematics. 2025; 13(21):3541.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213541
Chicago/Turabian Style
Liu, Jingyi, Gaoxia Fan, and Balaiti Maimutimin.
2025. "Efficient Image Segmentation of Coal Blocks Using an Improved DIRU-Net Model" Mathematics 13, no. 21: 3541.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213541
APA Style
Liu, J., Fan, G., & Maimutimin, B.
(2025). Efficient Image Segmentation of Coal Blocks Using an Improved DIRU-Net Model. Mathematics, 13(21), 3541.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213541
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