As wind shear increases, the quasi-two-dimensional structure of flows becomes more significant in the convective boundary layer (CBL), indicating that wind shear plays an essential role in the variation of the field of atmospheric flow. Therefore, se...
The role of wind shear in the decay of the convective boundary layer (CBL) is systematically investigated using a series of large-eddy simulations. Nine CBLs with weak, intermediate, and strong wind shear are simulated, and their decays after stoppin...
We study the atmospheric structure in response to the propagation of gravity waves under nonisothermal (nonzero vertical temperature gradient), wind-shear (nonzero vertical zonal/meridional wind speed gradients), and dissipative (nonzero molecular vi...
Boundary-layer atmospheric stability, wind-shear variability, and thermodynamic forcing are all important factors for the initiation, intensification, and transport of dust storms. But there is limited knowledge of the quantitative evaluation of bulk...
In this study, a climatology of two key boundary layer features, the Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) and the wind field over Greece is derived. The climatology is based on daily soundings collected in Athens, Thessaloniki and Heraklion and spa...
The important role of neutral wind, its vertical shear, and external electric fields in the formation and localization of sporadic E (Es) are demonstrated analytically and numerically in equatorial and mid-latitude regions. The ion/electron density b...
Low-level wind shear poses a significant hazard to aviation, especially at airports located on high plateaus and surrounded by complex terrain. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis integrating Doppler Lidar and radiosonde measurements c...
In this paper, a novel flow perturbation model meant to investigate the effects of incoming wind shear on a hypersonic inlet/isolator is presented. This research focuses on the transient shock/boundary layer interaction and shock train flow evolution...
Wind shear is one of the crucial parameters in wind resource assessment and also serves as a vital parameter and basis for determining wind turbines’ selection and hub height. Existing studies have only focused on typical underlying surface are...
Published theories and observations have shown that dissipation of gravity waves implies frequency downshifting of wave energy. Hence, for wind-waves, the wind energy input to the highest frequencies is of special interest. Here it is shown that this...
The key role of the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) in pollution, climate, and model forecasting has long been recognized. However, the observed PBLH has rarely been used to evaluate numerical weather prediction models in China. We compared th...
Sporadic E (Es) layers are irregular structures that occur at the E-layer height of the ionosphere, significantly affecting the reliability and accuracy of wireless communications, navigation, and satellite remote sensing. This study utilized the S4m...
Neutral boundary layer (NBL) flow fields, commonly used in turbine load studies and design, are generated using spectral procedures in stochastic simulation. For large utility-scale turbines, stable boundary layer (SBL) flow fields are of great inter...
Rapid intensification (RI) in the western North Pacific (WNP) occurs in broadly warm sea surface temperature (SST) conditions, making pre-storm ocean structure potentially informative. Using 1993–2024 best tracks, SST, the ERA5 atmospheric rean...
Sporadic E (Es) layers are thin layers of enhanced electron density that commonly appear at altitudes of 90–130 km, often impacting radio communications and navigation systems. The wind shear theory posits that the vertical ion drift, influence...
Fast atmospheric processes such as deep convection and severe storms are challenging to observe and understand without adequate spatiotemporal sampling. Geostationary (GEO) imaging has the advantage of tracking these fast processes continuously at a...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have benefited from a tremendous increase in popularity over the past decade, which has inspired their application toward many novel and unique use cases. One of them is the use of UAVs in meteorological research, in p...
High-frequency FY-4B aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations provide useful spatiotemporal constraints for dust nowcasting, but their application over bright deserts is limited by retrieval gaps and high-AOD uncertainty. This study develops a physic...
Smart-city energy platforms—peer-to-peer markets and tokenized renewable energy certificates—settle against metered generation, yet never check the physical plausibility of those claims. For wind, attainable energy is not measured but der...
The large-scale deployment of wind energy underscores the critical need for accurate resource characterization to reduce uncertainty in power estimates and to enable the installation of wind farms in increasingly complex terrains. Accurate wind resou...
By using fast ionogram observations, we report the first simultaneous observations of ascending ion layers at equatorial and low latitudes. The ionosonde measurements at Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E; dip lat. 12.2°N) and Chumphon (10.7°N, 9...
The Doppler Lidar windshear alerting system at the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA), the first of its kind in the world, has been in operation since 2006. This paper reports on an enhancement to the automatic windshear detection algorithm at HK...
The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is characterized by highly complex terrain, and civil aviation serves as a primary mode of transportation for regional mobility. A comprehensive understanding of wind field characteristics within the terminal areas of...
We study the modulation of atmospheric nonisothermality and wind shears on the propagation of seismic tsunami-excited gravity waves by virtue of the vertical wavenumber, m (with its imaginary and real parts, m...
High-rise residential buildings often adopt rectangular cross-sections with large depth-to-width ratios. Moreover, the cross-sections have many grooves and chamfers for better ventilation and lighting. However, related research is lacking. This study...
Gravel layers are vital ecological barriers in Gobi Desert mining areas. However, open-pit activities increase wind and soil erosion. Thus, the effects of fly ash addition, water content, and compaction on the shear strength and wind erosion resistan...
Severe convective phenomena cause significant loss in the economy and, primarily, casualties. Therefore, it is essential to forecast such extreme events to avoid or minimize the negative consequences. Wind shear provides an updraft-downdraft separati...
The dynamics of landfalling tropical cyclones are not yet fully understood. In this study, ground-based observations were conducted using L-band radar, lidar and radiosonde during tropical cyclone Wutip. The L-band radar winds were corrected using li...
Wind-driven shear and vertical mixing in the upper meter of the ocean strongly regulate near-surface circulation and buoyant tracer transport, yet direct field observations immediately beneath the air–sea interface remain scarce. We present Lag...
Turbulence structure in the wake behind a full-scale horizontal-axis wind turbine under the influence of real-time atmospheric inflow conditions has been investigated using actuator-line-model based large-eddy-simulations. Precursor atmospheric bound...
Façade appurtenances such as vertical ribs are increasingly used on high-rise buildings to enhance the architectural appearance. These attached ribs may modify the wind pressure acting on a building by changing the local flow pattern around th...
The wake that forms behind a yawing wind turbine is a complex flow region that can affect the performance of downstream turbines in offshore wind farms. It contains various flow features, including velocity deficit, shear layers, and vortex structure...
Wind shear coefficients (WSCs) are fundamental parameters for wind resource assessment, wind turbine design, and offshore wind farm operation. This work focuses on positive wind shear coefficients (WSCs); hereafter, WSC refers exclusively to positive...
Air–sea interactions within the ocean’s near-surface layer play a pivotal role in climate regulation and are essential for understanding the dispersion of marine pollutants such as microplastics and oil slicks. Despite its significance, h...
For wind resource assessment projects, it is common practice to use a power-law relationship (U(z) ~ zα) and a fixed shear exponent (α = 1=7) to extrapolate the observed wind speed from a low measurement level to high turbine hub-heights. However, re...
Vertical shear of the zonal wind across the equatorial tropopause over the Indian Ocean to the Maritime Continent is caused by a combination of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the stratosphere and the seasonal cycle and interannual variabilit...
To examine the fine-scale structure and evolution of the low-level wind field at a plateau valley airport under different weather conditions, this study analyzes a two-stage wind field event at Xining Caojiapu Airport on 8 April 2022. The analysis us...
In this research, a summer orographic precipitation process that occurred over the Tian Shan Mountains on 27 July 2019, was investigated, focusing on the impact of vertical wind shear on clouds. Multiple remote sensors were deployed to measure the am...
Low-level wind shear (LLWS) is a critical issue in aviation meteorology, posing serious risks to flight safety—especially at plateau airports with high elevation and complex terrain. This study investigates a convective wind shear event at Xini...
Lighter-than-air parakites deployed at sea in the close proximity of wind turbines may offer the possibility of mitigating wake losses encountered in large offshore wind farms. Such devices, having an order of magnitude similar to wind turbine rotors...
If the wind speed that passed through a wind turbine rotor disk area is constant, the hub height wind speed (HHWS) could be representative of the wind speed over the rotor disk area. However, this assumption cannot be applied to the large wind turbin...
The paper presents the results of analysis of astroclimatic conditions in the Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal (BTA) region (40
Turbulent mixing is critical in affecting urban climate and air pollution. Nevertheless, our understanding of it, especially in a cloud-topped boundary layer (CTBL), remains limited. High-temporal resolution observations provide sufficient informatio...
The impact of the Coriolis force on the long distance wake behind wind farms is investigated using Large Eddy Simulations (LES) combined with a Forced Boundary Layer (FBL) technique. When using the FBL technique any mean wind shear and turbulent fluc...
Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) corresponding to four convective intensive observation periods of Sagebrush Phase 1 tracer experiment were conducted with realistic boundary conditions using Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF). Multiple nested doma...
Better understanding of roll vortices that often occur in the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer is required to improve forecasts of TC intensification and the granularity of damaging surface winds. It is especially important to characterize rolls...
To gain a deeper understanding of the lower-atmospheric dynamic characteristics in the transition zone on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, high-resolution wind profile data collected by a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) at Yinchuan Hedong Int...
A micro-floating element wall shear stress sensor with backside connections has been developed for accurate measurements of wall shear stress under the turbulent boundary layer. The micro-sensor was designed and fabricated on a 10.16 cm SOI (Silicon...
The turbulent transport dissimilarity between momentum and scalars and the transport similarity among scalars have been widely investigated in unstable atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs). Although buoyancy and mechanically driven turbulence, along wi...
We analyzed the C-structures in the mesospheric metal layers. We used two datasets: one from a narrow band Sodium (Na) Density and Temperature LIDAR and the other from a high-resolution dual band Na and Potassium (K) LIDAR, both operated at Sã...
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