In Lake Ladoga (northwestern Russia), we found a diatom, putatively Fragilaria sublanceolata-baikali, an endemic species from Lake Baikal (southeastern Siberia, Russia). To determine whether this population matches a previously recognized species fro...
As quantum computing has progressed toward fault-tolerant implementations, quantum error correction (QEC) for quantum hardware and software has become a dominant concern. While conventional QEC measurements, such as qubit overhead, code distance, and...
Specimen size and loading boundary conditions affect the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) measured for cemented backfill and hinder direct comparison among test configurations. Cubic cemented phosphate tailings backfill specimens (40–200 mm)...
Youth soccer academies are dominated by the older players in each annual age cohort because they are judged to be better at the time of selection. Failing to identify talented players because they are simply younger in their cohort is a problem of bo...
Single-element bolometers have been widely used for medical thermometry to predict a core body temperature based on the measured surface temperature and a pre-determined clinical correlation. The size-of-source effect (SSE) in bolometers is recognize...
The particle size of submicron particles significantly affects their properties; thus, the accurate measurement of submicron particle size is essential to ensure its excellent properties. Polarized light scattering is an important tool for measuring...
Cyclone separators remain widely used for gas–solid separation, yet analytical prediction of cut size and pressure drop remains challenging. This study presents an explicit semi-empirical model for the cut size (d50) of reverse-flow cyclones ba...
Laser diffraction is among the most widely used methods for spray droplet size measurements. However, the so-called beam-steering effect must be considered when pneumatic atomizers are used for droplet generation. The beam-steering effect is a system...
Several graphical methods for testing univariate composite normality from an i.i.d. sample are presented. They are endowed with correct simultaneous error bounds and yield size-correct tests. As all are based on the empirical CDF, they are also consi...
Performance assessment of low carbon cities (LCCs) attracts great interest and attention from academia, industry, and government as an effective measure to promote urban low-carbon development. However, the efforts of LCCs could be misinterpreted wit...
The transmission spectrum of apples is affected by the fruit’s size, which leads to poor prediction performance of the soluble solids content (SSC) models built for their different apple sizes. In this paper, three sets of near infrared (NIR) s...
Rapid and accurate measurement of high-resolution soil total nitrogen (TN) information can promote variable rate fertilization, protect the environment, and ensure crop yields. Many scholars focus on exploring the rapid TN detection methods and corre...
When magnesium alloys are tested using ultrasonic techniques, their oxide coating will affect the transmitted ultrasonic energy and the accuracy of the flaw sizing. In this work, the effects of the coating thickness on the flaw sizing are investigate...
A traditional indifference zone (IZ) approach selects the best treatment, with a preset high probability of correct selection when the best one is much better than the second-best in line. Customarily, the effect size is the difference between the be...
X-band dual-polarization phased array radar (XPAR-D) possesses high resolution and plays a significant role in detecting meso- and micro-scale convective systems. However, the precipitation attenuation it endures necessitates an effective correction...
With the advances in remote sensing technology, satellite-based rainfall estimates are gaining attraction in the field of hydrology, particularly in rainfall-runoff modeling. Since estimates are affected by errors correction is required. In this stud...
Current machine learning-based gross primary productivity (GPP) upscaling error correction approaches exhibit two critical limitations: (1) failure to account for nonuniform density distributions of sub-pixel heterogeneity factors during upscaling an...
Urban construction activities are recognized as significant contributors to particulate matter (PM) emissions; however, the accurate real-time monitoring of size-resolved PM fractions presents a formidable challenge. Traditional low-cost PM sensors p...
Coherent frequency-agile radar (FAR) has a low probability of intercept (LPI) and excellent performance of electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) and electromagnetic compatibility, which can improve radar cooperation and survivability in complex e...
The paper presents a statistical study of nanoindentation results obtained in seven European laboratories that have joined a round robin exercise to assess methods for the evaluation of indentation size effects. The study focuses on the characterizat...
The isotopic shift of the bound-electron g factor in highly charged ions (HCI) provides a sensitive probe for testing physics beyond the Standard Model, particularly through interactions mediated by a hypothetical scalar boson. In this study, we anal...
This paper presents an approach to the construction of block error-correcting code for data transmission systems with short packets. The need for this is driven by the necessity of information interaction between objects of machine-type communication...
Accurate measurement of the pore size distribution (PSD) in coals is crucial for guiding subsequent coalbed methane (CBM) engineering practice. Currently, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurement has been widely used as a PSD testing method du...
Coal, as a vital global energy resource, directly impacts the efficiency of power generation and environmental protection. Thus, rapid and accurate coal quality analysis is essential to promote its clean and efficient utilization. However, combined n...
Low-light image enhancement aims to restore visually pleasing normal-light images from degraded low-light observations. Most existing methods handle luminance variation from the enhancement perspective. As a result, the degradation process from a nor...
The study of microstructures for the accurate control of material properties is of industrial relevance. Identification and characterization of microstructural properties by manual measurement are often slow, labour intensive, and have a lack of repe...
The small-system method (SSM) exploits the unique feature of finite-sized open systems, whose thermodynamic quantities scale with the inverse system size. This scaling enables the calculation of properties in the thermodynamic limit of macroscopic sy...
We assess the viability of deploying commercially available multispectral and thermal imagers designed for integration on small uncrewed aerial systems (sUASs, <25 kg) on a mid-size Group-3-classification UAS (weight: 25–600 kg, maximum alti...
This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics of rotating functionally graded material (FGM) micro-beams based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, Euler–Bernoulli beam theory incorporating shear deformation, and Timoshenko theory. The d...
Accurately predicting the material loss rate is critical for MRP-driven delivery and inventory control. Inaccurate and delayed data acquisition leads to imprecise master data and poor knowledge of how machines are used in small- and medium-sized manu...
Radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is one of the primary tasks of weather radars. The QPE quality was substantially improved after polarimetric upgrade of the radars. This study provides an overview of existing polarimetric methodologi...
Reconciliation is an essential procedure for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). As the most commonly used reconciliation protocol in short-distance CV-QKD, the slice error correction (SEC) allows a system to distill more than 1 bi...
Increasing demand in radial distribution systems intensifies active power losses, voltage drops, and power factor deterioration, leading to reduced network efficiency and increased annual operating costs. Shunt capacitor banks can mitigate these effe...
In finite-size scaling analyses of critical phenomena, proper consideration of correction terms, which can come from different sources, plays an important role. For the Fortuin–Kasteleyn representation of the Q-state Potts model in two dimensio...
In this paper, a dispersion of glass beads of different sizes in an ammonium nitrate solution is investigated with the aid of Raman spectroscopy. The signal losses caused by the dispersion are quantified by an additional scattered light measurement a...
Cryptic species are a biological phenomenon only recently recognized due to progress in molecular studies. They pose a significant challenge to conventional taxonomic work since these species manifest low morphological differences, but considerable g...
The presence of overlarge gravel particles poses significant challenges for laboratory testing on prototype gravelly soils due to sample size limitations. To address this issue, replacement techniques, such as substituting overlarge particles with fi...
We discuss the features involved in determining the titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2NP) sizes in cosmetic samples via single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) in the millisecond-time resolution mode, and methods for...
I-123 is preferential over I-131 for diagnostic SPECT imaging after a thyroidectomy to determine the presence and size of residual thyroid tissue for radioiodine ablation. Scattering degrades the quality of I-123 SPECT images, primarily due to the pe...
Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is an earth-abundant material which has several industrial applications and is considered a candidate for platinum replacement in electrochemistry. Size-selected MoS2 nanoclusters were synthesised in the gas phase using a...
There was an unclear passage in the original publication [...]
Forest canopy height is an important biophysical variable for quantifying carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems. Active light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors with discrete-return or waveform lidar have produced reliable measures of forest ca...
The concept of universality is a cornerstone of theories of critical phenomena. It is very well understood in most systems, especially in the thermodynamic limit. Finite-size systems present additional challenges. Even in low dimensions, universality...
Monitoring precipitation in mountainous areas using traditional tipping-bucket rain gauges (TPB) has become challenging in sites with strong variations of air temperature and wind speed (Ws). The drop size distributions (DSD), amount, and precipitati...
Odometry is a simple and practical method that provides a periodic real-time estimation of the relative displacement of a mobile robot based on the measurement of the angular rotational speed of its wheels. The main disadvantage of odometry is its un...
In the original publication [...]
A method that formulates the retrieval of drop size distribution (DSD) parameters from polarimetric radar variables at attenuating frequency as the solution of an inverse problem is presented. The DSD in each radar bin is represented by a normalized...
Background/Objectives: Deep learning (DL) has shown strong potential in analyzing food images, but few studies have directly predicted mass, energy, and macronutrient content from images. In addition to the importance of high-quality data, difference...
Fibrous air filters are common devices used to remove airborne particles. Their performance is typically measured through their resistance to airflow and captured particle mass. Models describing the evolution of filter performance have been heavily...
In this note, we revisit the scaling relations among “hatted critical exponents”, which were first derived by Ralph Kenna, Des Johnston, and Wolfhard Janke, and we propose an alternative derivation for some of them. For the scaling relati...
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