Controlling for confounding bias is crucial in causal inference. Causal inference using data from observational studies (e.g., electronic health records) or imperfectly randomized trials (e.g., imperfect randomization or compliance) requires accounti...
This narrative review describes the observational approaches used to study infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) published between 2001 and 2021. Articles were included in this narrative review if...
In observational method projects in geotechnical engineering, the final geotechnical design is decided upon during actual construction, depending on the observed behavior of the ground. Hence, engineers must be prepared to make crucial decisions prom...
Recording of team meeting’s processes with electronic devices can be problematic because of the invasiveness of the process: issues with privacy; interpretation difficulty with noise or quiet speech; and distortion of participants’ behavi...
This work is focused on the state of charge (SOC) estimation of a lithium-ion battery based on a nonlinear observer. First, the second-order resistor-capacitor (RC) model of the battery pack is introduced by utilizing the physical behavior of the bat...
The study of long precipitation series constitutes an important issue in climate research and risk assessment. However, long datasets are affected by inhomogeneities that can lead to biased results. A frequent but sometimes underestimated problem is...
A photovoltaic power supply with a simple structure and high tracking efficiency is needed in self-powered, wireless sensor networks. First, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, including the load current maximization-perturbation and obs...
Many studies have confirmed that the complexity of a time sequence is closely related to its predictability, but few studies have proposed methods to reduce the time sequence complexity, which is the key to improving its predictability. This study an...
This paper concerns a case study presenting one of the biggest landfills in Poland that required application of complex engineering works to extend the deposing capacity of the structure. The shear strength parameters of the subsoil and waste materia...
The paper focuses on the importance of prompt and efficient process fault detection in contemporary manufacturing industries, where product quality and safety protocols are critical. The study compares the efficiencies of two techniques for process f...
Photovoltaic power generation systems mainly use the maximum power tracking (MPPT) controller to adjust the voltage and current of the solar cells in the photovoltaic array, so that the photovoltaic array runs at the maximum power point (MPP) to achi...
In this study, a novel digital compound compensation method is proposed to compensate for the hysteresis nonlinearity and the drift disturbance of a piezoelectric nanopositioning system with a large range. The overall hysteresis behaviors can be divi...
In the modern fish processing industry, flat fishes play an important role. They are processed into a final product in the form of a fillet during the skinning operation, which is carried out on machines operating in automated production lines. These...
The predicted parts of ultra-rapid orbits are important for (near) real-time Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise applications; and there is little research on GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo/QZSS five-system ultra-rapid precise orbit determinat...
Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Post-stroke hemiparesis often leads to asymmetric force generation and reduced postural control, making transitions difficult. Although quad canes improve walking stability, their...
This paper aims to demonstrate the energy efficiency improvements in a boost converter using supercapacitors and the Perturb and Observe (PO) control method, particularly in the context of photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading conditions. S...
3 September 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected many aspects of human life. While most health agencies agree mask wearing and physical distancing reduce viral transmission, efforts to improve the assessment of these behaviors are lacking. This study aimed to...
In situations where photovoltaic (PV) systems are exposed to varying light intensities, the conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm may become trapped in a local optimal state. In order to address this issue, a two-step MPP...
Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a promising method for detecting dissolved acetylene (C2H2) in transformer oil, facilitating early fault diagnosis in power transformers. However, temperature variations significantly influence the resonance frequency of...
The particular process of LCA (Lithosphere-Coversphere-Atmosphere) coupling referring to local tectonic structures and coversphere conditions is very important for understanding seismic anomaly from GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems)....
Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution has become a prominent problem for China’s water quality. Paddy fields pose a high risk of pollution to surrounding water bodies. The paddy in situ observation method (PIOM) can calculate the runoff...
13 April 2023
Risk assessments of hand-intensive and repetitive work are commonly done using observational methods, and it is important that the methods are reliable and valid. However, comparisons of the reliability and validity of methods are hampered by differe...
This paper proposes a self-sustaining control model for proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis devices, aiming to maintain the temperature of their internal operating environment and, thus, improve the electrolysis efficiency and hydrogen produc...
Background/Objectives: Commonly known as clubfoot, congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a structural deformity characterized by cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (CAVE) positioning of the foot. Idiopathic clubfoot requires prompt treatment to a...
Initial orbit determination (IOD), as a basis for initial orbit association and accurate orbit determination (OD), has a crucial role in the process of obtaining space debris orbit information. Among the traditional methods, the Gooding method has be...
Accurate flux observation is crucial for the high-performance control of induction motors (IMs). Implementing a full-order flux observer algorithm in digital controllers requires discretizing the continuous-domain full-order flux observer. However, t...
As a significant threat to aviation safety, clear-air turbulence (CAT) is often diagnosed and forecast operationally by using multiple indices, yet reliable diagnosis remains challenging due to its complex physical mechanisms and the lack of universa...
This article deals with the construction of high-gain observers for autonomous polynomial dynamical systems. In contrast to the usual approach, the system’s state is embedded into a higher dimensional Euclidean space. The observer state will be...
The paper proposes a new method for adjusting classical terrestrial observations (total station) together with satellite (GNSS-Global Navigation Satellite Systems) vectors. All the observations are adjusted in a single common three-dimensional system...
Behavioural research in zoos is commonplace and is used in the diagnosis and treatment of potential husbandry and management challenges. Robust methods that allow valid data collection and analysis constitute an evidence-based approach to animal care...
21 April 2021
Background: Globally, infections are the third leading cause of neonatal mortality. Predominant risk factors for facility-born newborns are poor hygiene practices that span both facilities and home environments. Current improvement interventions focu...
With the increasing number of space debris, the demand for telescopes to observe space debris is also constantly increasing. The telescope observation scheduling problem requires algorithms to schedule telescopes to maximize observation value within...
Background/Objectives: Delirium, an acute cognitive disturbance, is often unrecognized by family or friend care partners, contributing to delayed interventions and negative health outcomes. UnderstandingDelirium.ca is an e-learning lesson developed t...
The shear deflection effects are traditionally neglected in most structural system identification methods. Unfortunately, this assumption might lead to significant errors in some structures, like deep beams. Although some inverse analysis methods bas...
This paper presents the application of the observability technique for the structural system identification of 2D models. Unlike previous applications of this method, unknown variables appear both in the numerator and the denominator of the stiffness...
Anomaly identification for internal combustion engine (ICE) sensors has become an important research area in recent years. In this work, a proposed indirect fuzzy Lyapunov-based computed ratio observer integrated with a support vector machine (SVM) w...
In this paper, we propose a lensless three-dimensional (3D) imaging under photon-starved conditions using diffraction grating and computational photon counting method. In conventional 3D imaging with and without the lens, 3D visualization of objects...
Electrically excited synchronous motor (EESM) has the characteristics of high order, nonlinear and strong coupling, so it is difficult to be controlled. However, it has the advantages of adjustable power factor, high efficiency, and high precision to...
This paper deals with the state of charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) in electric vehicles (EVs). In order to accurately describe the dynamic behavior of the battery, a fractional 2nd-order RC model of the battery pack is establishe...
Previous control methods were designed based on cascade structure and consist of position and current controllers for permanent magnet-synchronous motors (PMSMs). Thus, the structures of the previous methods are necessarily complex although the stabi...
A discharge uncertainty envelope is presented that provides an observation error model for data assimilation (DA) using discharge observations derived from measurement of stage using a rating curve. It uniquely represents the rating curve representat...
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright transient sources that can be observed at high redshift. They can therefore be used as tracers of the distant large-scale structure, although the GRB redshift sample is sparse and affected by strong selection effect...
Various types of heterogeneous observations can be combined within a parameter estimation process using spherical radial basis functions (SRBFs) for regional gravity field refinement. In this process, regularization is in most cases inevitable, and c...
This paper studies a method for high-precision acquisition of position signals for permanent magnet direct drive servo motors at low speed. First of all, the problem of poor position feedback accuracy and sensor feedback delay in the low-speed operat...
A nonlinear observer for a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is investigated, and a four-degree-of-freedom nonlinear sliding state observer is designed in this study. An ocean current model and a simplified umbilical cable disturbing force model of ROV...
A wide-speed-range sensorless control for an IPMSM is deeply studied in this paper, which combines the high-frequency injection (HFI) method and sliding-mode observer (SMO) method. At low-speed range, a rotating high-frequency voltage signal is injec...
Corner kicks are one of the most important set pieces in high-level football. The present study aimed to analyze the evolution of the tactical approach to corner kicks in high-performance football. For this, a total of 1704 corner kicks executed in t...
Ground subsidence is an important geomorphological phenomenon in mining areas. It is difficult to monitor and predict ground subsidence with high precision, especially in mountainous mining areas. Taking the mining workface of a mountainous coalfield...
Artificial upwelling is a geoengineering method to repair and improve marine ecosystems, and its operation requires long-term and continuous temperature field observation. However, existing methods are rarely seen to accomplish such observation. In t...
Accurately and timely estimating three-dimensional ocean states is crucial for improving operational ocean forecasting capabilities. Although satellite observations provide valuable evolutionary information, they are confined to surface-level variabl...
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