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Open AccessEditorial

Preface of the 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2024)

by Noor Hanita Abdul Majid, Agus Dwi Anggono, Waluyo Adi Siswanto, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, Nur Rahmawati Syamsiyah, Afif Faishal and Mohammad Sukri Mustapa

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084001 - 21 Jan 2025

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Abstract

The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology (MEST) Conference was held at the Universiti Muhammadiyah Malaysia, Bangunan Wisma MAIPs, Blok S1, Kompleks Desa Siswa, Uniciti Alam, 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia on 11–12 December 2024 [...] Full article

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2 pages, 517 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Noor Hanita Abdul Majid, Agus Dwi Anggono, Waluyo Adi Siswanto, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, Nur Rahmawati Syamsiyah, Afif Faishal and Mohammad Sukri Mustapa

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084099 - 19 Jun 2025

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Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings to Engineering Proceedings, the Volume Editors of the proceedings would like to certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review by the designated expert referees and were administered by [...] Read more.

In submitting conference proceedings to Engineering Proceedings, the Volume Editors of the proceedings would like to certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review by the designated expert referees and were administered by the Volume Editors strictly following the policies announced on the conference website [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 3063 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Clustering Batik SMEs: Open Innovation for Environmental Sustainability

by Amelia Kurniawati, Fahmy Habib Hasanudin, Fandi Achmad, Raihan Abdurrahman and Rizki Fajar Ahmad Gurnita

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084002 - 22 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Environmental sustainability is challenging for SMEs, mainly due to SMEs’ limited resources. To achieve environmental sustainability, SMEs must innovate their production process and waste management. SMEs can utilize open innovation to counter their limited resources problem. This study aims to explore the clustering [...] Read more.

Environmental sustainability is challenging for SMEs, mainly due to SMEs’ limited resources. To achieve environmental sustainability, SMEs must innovate their production process and waste management. SMEs can utilize open innovation to counter their limited resources problem. This study aims to explore the clustering of SMEs based on their environmental sustainability achievement and the utilization of open innovation to achieve it. The data used in this study are from 38 SMEs that produce Batik and are located in Rembang Regency, Indonesia. The clustering process is performed using the K-Means algorithm. The results show that the data are grouped into two clusters. The first cluster, with 26 entities, tends to have higher environmental sustainability achievement and open innovation involvement than the second cluster with 12 entities. Therefore, the second cluster needs more attention from external stakeholders to encourage and support them in achieving environmental sustainability, primarily related to using environmentally friendly materials in production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 899 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The In-Situ Epoxidation of Rubber Seed Oil (Hevea brasiliensis) by Peroxyacids

by Eni Budiyati, Auliya Rahmah and Nur Ahmad Fauzi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084003 - 22 Jan 2025

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Abstract

This paper adds to the sustainable materials field by in-situ epoxidation of rubber seed oil (RSO), a highly underutilized resource that has been sporadically used, using an optimized combination of 30% hydrogen peroxide and acetic/formic acid sulfuric acid. Most of the previous studies [...] Read more.

This paper adds to the sustainable materials field by in-situ epoxidation of rubber seed oil (RSO), a highly underutilized resource that has been sporadically used, using an optimized combination of 30% hydrogen peroxide and acetic/formic acid sulfuric acid. Most of the previous studies deal with more common vegetable oils, where the main focus in most is given to the epoxidation of these oils and their derivatives. The RSO contained a high iodine value around 135.36 g–I2/100 g. The central to this work is the systematic study of the oxirane number as a function of reaction temperature and the double bond:RCOOH:H₂O₂ molar ratios. By testing the temperatures of 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C and three specific molar ratios (1:0.6:1.4, 1:1:2, and 1:1.5:3), this research not only found the optimal conditions for epoxidation but also gave valuable information on the reaction kinetics of rubber seed oil. The results showed that a temperature of 60 °C with a 1:1:2 molar ratio gave the highest oxirane number, especially with performic acid, which was 3.200 mmol/g. Then, overall, formic acid consistently outperforms acetic acid in terms of product yields, facilitating a more effective epoxidation process. Full article

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10 pages, 1225 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Compromise Parameters of Temperature, Light, and Noise in Confined Spaces on Work Duration and Number of Errors

by Nachnul Ansori, Fito Rolis Agung Pratama, Fitri Agustina, Issa Dyah Utami, Ernaning Widiaswanti and Rullie Annisa

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084004 - 23 Jan 2025

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Abstract

The physical work environment may affect worker productivity. This study simulated physical work environment parameters, such as temperature, light, and noise, in a confined space in relation to work duration and the number of errors. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale [...] Read more.

The physical work environment may affect worker productivity. This study simulated physical work environment parameters, such as temperature, light, and noise, in a confined space in relation to work duration and the number of errors. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale involving six operators of different genders. Results show a difference in work duration, while no difference existed in the number of errors. Female participants were better at assembly work than male participants were. On the other hand, based on the variance, light and noise affected the work duration of male operators, while temperature and noise influenced female operators. In contrast, tested parameters did not affect the number of errors. An interaction between temperature and light affected male operators. Finally, further tests showed that noise was the factor that had the most influence on participants’ responses. Full article

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10 pages, 905 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

R Analysis for Optimizing Enzymatic Saccharification of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind

by Wan Zafira Ezza Wan Zakaria, Khairunisa Yusof and Noor Aziah Serri

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084005 - 23 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Watermelon waste was chosen as the main material due to the abundance of discarded rinds and the widespread consumption of this fruit in Malaysia. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin within watermelon rinds, classified as lignocellulosic materials, underwent hydrolysis. This involved using cellulase and [...] Read more.

Watermelon waste was chosen as the main material due to the abundance of discarded rinds and the widespread consumption of this fruit in Malaysia. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin within watermelon rinds, classified as lignocellulosic materials, underwent hydrolysis. This involved using cellulase and auxiliary enzymes like hemicellulose and pectinase to convert polysaccharides into simple sugars, yielding valuable end products. Thus, R software optimized saccharification yield in watermelon rind enzymatic hydrolysis. Four parameters were studied: substrate loading (1–5 g), enzyme loading (5–85 U/mg), temperature (35–55 °C), and hydrolysis time (6–30 h). Preliminary screening showed each parameter significantly affected saccharification yield. A mathematical model predicting optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions was developed through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The presented mathematical model exhibited a strong correlation between actual and predicted values, with a predicted R² value of 0.96%. Optimization led to conditions of 1.15 g substrate, 24.85 U/mg enzyme, 44.79 °C temperature, and 11.47 h hydrolysis time. Under these conditions, the actual saccharification yield of watermelon rind reached 70.72%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 1342 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Comparative Study Using Two Types of Photobioreactor for Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae

by Noor Aziah Serri, Nur Hazwani Halmi, Mohd Asyraf Kassim and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084006 - 23 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Effective vessel design is crucial for the viability and practicality of microalgae cultivation, aiming for high biomass production. This study tested two different 5-litre vessel designs for cultivating Chlorella vulgaris, aiming to produce a high biomass and evaluate lipid production. The study [...] Read more.

Effective vessel design is crucial for the viability and practicality of microalgae cultivation, aiming for high biomass production. This study tested two different 5-litre vessel designs for cultivating Chlorella vulgaris, aiming to produce a high biomass and evaluate lipid production. The study varied pH medium (6.5–10.5), light intensity (200–1000 lux), and CO₂ concentrations (5–15%) to assess each reactor’s performance. The aerated vessel (tubular shape) produced 21.05% lipid concentration, while the fabricated vessel (oval shape) produced 20.14% at optimum conditions. The aerated vessel performed best at pH 10.5, 5% CO₂, and 1000 lux light intensity, whereas the fabricated vessel’s optimum conditions were pH 10.5, 15% CO₂, and a white LED system. The highest biomass was 0.432 g/L in aerated tubular vessels and 0.281 g/L in fabricated oval-shaped vessels. Both systems performed well and are suitable for further study with other microalgae types. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 4206 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Achieving Manufacturing Excellence Using Lean DMAIC

by Rindi Kusumawardani, Ana and Moses Laksono Singgih

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084007 - 23 Jan 2025

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Abstract

This paper explores the role of business process optimization in achieving manufacturing excellence in railway manufacturing through Lean principles and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). It identifies key inefficiencies, such as waiting times, overproduction, and document errors, using the DMAIC method, along with Root [...] Read more.

This paper explores the role of business process optimization in achieving manufacturing excellence in railway manufacturing through Lean principles and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). It identifies key inefficiencies, such as waiting times, overproduction, and document errors, using the DMAIC method, along with Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), to prioritize waste reduction. A significant 42.86% of activities were classified as non-value added, pointing to substantial opportunities for improvement. This study proposes key solutions, including the development of a shared database, streamlined procedures, and the alignment of targets with the Master Production Schedule to reduce waste and improve operational efficiency. These recommendations aim to foster manufacturing excellence by enhancing communication, process integration, and employee training. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2239 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Village Road Geometric Design Using AutoCAD^® CIVIL 3D: The Case of Majalengka, Indonesia

by Renaldi Agustian, Andri Irfan Rifai, Arief Rijaluddin and Joewono Prasetijo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084008 - 24 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5382

Abstract

The latest technology to support geometric road planning must be implemented properly. Village road design using digital applications is believed to be able to produce the best planning. This paper aims to analyze the geometric planning of village roads using the AutoCAD^® [...] Read more.

The latest technology to support geometric road planning must be implemented properly. Village road design using digital applications is believed to be able to produce the best planning. This paper aims to analyze the geometric planning of village roads using the AutoCAD^® Civil 3D application. The data and planning location is on Village Road in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia. The research method used is to digitize manual planning using the AutoCAD application. The planning standard uses a combination of AASHTO and Indonesia Standard. The study results show that using AutoCAD^® Civil 3D for village road planning provides convenience, speed, and the best planning precision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 2197 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

HHO Gas Production Assessment for Different NaOH Concentrations and Electrode Plates Under Hydrostatic Pressure

by Ummi Kultsum, Cahyo Jawoto Anggoro, Dewi Mahyunani and Andi Ibrahim Soumi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084009 - 27 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Hydrogen generated through electrolysis is a feasible, sustainable energy source. HHO gas, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen generated via water electrolysis, is a clean and efficient energy source. The influence of NaOH electrolyte concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and electrode [...] Read more.

Hydrogen generated through electrolysis is a feasible, sustainable energy source. HHO gas, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen generated via water electrolysis, is a clean and efficient energy source. The influence of NaOH electrolyte concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and electrode plate numbers (2, 4, and 6) on HHO gas production and hydrostatic pressure will be examined in this study. Both NaOH concentration and electrode plate number increase HHO gas generation and hydrostatic pressure. A 10% NaOH concentration with six plates produced the most pressure and highest rate of hydrogen production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 1533 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of a Strategy for the Sustainable Development of the Bakery Industry in Medan City

by Tania Alda, Ahmad Shalihin, Chindy Elsanna Revadi, Fadylla Ramadhani Putri Nasution, Raja Ahsan Andifa, Natalia Sri Fifani Br Tarigan, Mhd Irsan, Andreas Pandapotan, Jasmine Meilani Halim and Ranti Widya Ningsih

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084010 - 27 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5243

Abstract

Medan City has excellent potential to develop small and medium industries. One of the industries that has potential is the bakery industry. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the small-scale bakery industry dominates by 86%. To create a competitive bakery [...] Read more.

Medan City has excellent potential to develop small and medium industries. One of the industries that has potential is the bakery industry. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the small-scale bakery industry dominates by 86%. To create a competitive bakery industry, the products must be varied, innovative, good quality, follow market needs, and follow the eco-friendly production process. Based on this, the right strategy is needed so that the bakery industry can develop and increase its competitiveness towards sustainability. This research aims to create a strategy design that the bakery industry can implement to improve competitiveness and productivity toward sustainability. Based on the IFE and EFE matrix results, the bakery industry in Medan City is in quadrant IV, namely in the growth and built position. The right strategy, namely a market penetration strategy, and also a strategy for product development, is required. Based on the results of the QSPM matrix, the strategy with the highest score was obtained, namely, improvement in production processes in the bakery industry through the efficient and eco-friendly production process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 2494 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Effect of Using Variations of Radiator Coolant on the Effectiveness of Engine Cooling and the Rate of Corrosion of Radiator Materials in 1300 cc Cars

by Rizki Dwi Ardika, Sudarno Sudarno, Kuntang Winangun, Chikal Singgih Pangesthu, Nur Rashid Mat Nuri and Marwan Effendy

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084011 - 27 Jan 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3912

Abstract

Engine coolant plays an important role in maintaining optimal engine performance, where it has good effectiveness and can prevent corrosion in the engine cooling system (radiator). This study aims to determine the effect of the use of coolant variations (engine coolant) on the [...] Read more.

Engine coolant plays an important role in maintaining optimal engine performance, where it has good effectiveness and can prevent corrosion in the engine cooling system (radiator). This study aims to determine the effect of the use of coolant variations (engine coolant) on the effectiveness of engine cooling (radiator) and to determine the effects of the coolants on the corrosion rate. To achieve this, coolant variations were used in the forms of mineral water, radiator coolant (prestone), and power coolant (TOP 1), which were applied at engine speeds of 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm. Temperature data collection at the coolant inlet and outlet was carried out every 10 min at different rpm. The corrosion rate test used the AA 3102 series aluminum radiator material, which was tested using the potentiodynamic polarization method. The results showed that the best coolant effectiveness value was found for the power coolant (TOP1). This is influenced by the ethylene glycol contained within it, which helps to accelerate the decrease in temperature in the engine. The lowest corrosion rate was found for the power coolant (TOP1), with a corrosion rate value of 0.0074480 mm/year. This is because the power coolant (TOP1) contains organic carboxylate rust inhibitors, which can inhibit corrosion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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13 pages, 2379 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Heating Rates on the NiAl Alloy Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

by Ridwan Ridwan, Sudarno Sudarno, Wahidin Nuriana and Rizal Arifin

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084012 - 27 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1477

Abstract

Nickel–aluminum (NiAl) alloys appear to be remarkably resistant to heat and corrosion, and are used in heat-treatment furnaces. This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulations to explore the structural characteristics of a nickel–aluminum (NiAl) alloy at varying heating rates during the heating process. During [...] Read more.

Nickel–aluminum (NiAl) alloys appear to be remarkably resistant to heat and corrosion, and are used in heat-treatment furnaces. This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulations to explore the structural characteristics of a nickel–aluminum (NiAl) alloy at varying heating rates during the heating process. During the heating process, the temperature increases from 300 K to 4000 K, surpassing the melting point. The effect of the heating rate is varied at 93, 62, 46, and 37 K/ps. The findings indicate that both the potential energy and volume of the NiAl system rise as it undergoes heating. Moreover, at the temperature 4000 K, the local face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures in the NiAl exhibit variations depending on the heating rates. The results highlight the importance of accounting for heating rates in the structural evolution of NiAl showing their thermal behavior for high-temperature applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 3101 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Bibliometric Analysis of Risk Management and Sustainability in the Agri-Food Supply Chain: Future Directions

by Dhita Morita Ikasari, Mokh Suef and Iwan Vanany

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084013 - 27 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2791

Abstract

Sustainability issues often trigger risks that require systematic management. Risks associated with various sustainability factors in the supply chain are becoming more pertinent in many food industries because of growing concerns about food safety and quality. This paper aims to identify the development [...] Read more.

Sustainability issues often trigger risks that require systematic management. Risks associated with various sustainability factors in the supply chain are becoming more pertinent in many food industries because of growing concerns about food safety and quality. This paper aims to identify the development of research topics related to risk management and sustainability in agri-food supply chains and to identify future research opportunities related to these topics through bibliometric analysis. We analyzed 320 articles from the Scopus database to determine publication trends, the most productive journals, the largest publishers, and the most cited articles. We visualized this bibliometric analysis using VosViewer version 1.6.20. The analysis reveals that “sustainability” is the most frequently studied keyword, clustering together with “risk management”, “agri-food supply chain”, “circular economy”, “supply chain resilience”, “artificial intelligence”, and “blockchain”, indicating a close relationship between these topics. “Food supply chain” and “agri-food supply chain” are also topics that have emerged in the last few years. However, there are still a few authors who publish on this topic. The combination of these keywords offers a potential avenue for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 1564 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Polylactic Acid (PLA) as Reinforcement for Jackfruit Seed Starch-Based Degradable Plastic

by Rozanna Dewi, Novi Sylvia and Medyan Riza

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084014 - 27 Jan 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4003

Abstract

Synthetic plastics harm the environment, so finding better materials is important. Researchers have studied PLA and starch to replace non-degradable petrochemicals. This research uses jackfruit seed starch and PLA to make degradable plastics. The tensile strength of degradable plastics was 3.35–9.08 MPa. Tests [...] Read more.

Synthetic plastics harm the environment, so finding better materials is important. Researchers have studied PLA and starch to replace non-degradable petrochemicals. This research uses jackfruit seed starch and PLA to make degradable plastics. The tensile strength of degradable plastics was 3.35–9.08 MPa. Tests showed that the plastics were hydrophilic, meaning they bind to water and break down easily. The combination of the jackfruit seed starch with PLA-reinforced plastic had better thermal stability. Starch made the material swell more, while PLA made it swell less. Jackfruit seed starch-based plastics reinforced with PLA degraded in 52–56 days, meeting the ASTM 6400 standard. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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15 pages, 2613 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Correlation Between Friction Time, Rotational Speed, and Mechanical Properties in Aluminum-Based Friction Welding Processes

by Bibit Sugito, Agus Dwi Anggono, Agung Setyo Darmawan and Agus Hariyanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084015 - 27 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2163

Abstract

In friction welding, rotational speed is a critical parameter that influences the welding outcomes by interacting with time and temperature variables. This study investigates the effects of varying friction times on the microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties of friction-welded aluminum alloys. The experiments [...] Read more.

In friction welding, rotational speed is a critical parameter that influences the welding outcomes by interacting with time and temperature variables. This study investigates the effects of varying friction times on the microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties of friction-welded aluminum alloys. The experiments involved analyzing samples using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to assess elemental composition, alongside measuring hardness, stress, and strain values. Microstructural analysis revealed that a rotation duration of 7 s produced finer grain boundaries than those observed at 3 and 5 s, correlating with enhanced mechanical properties. At a rotational speed of 1450 rpm with a friction time of 3 s, the maximum stress and strain values reached 192.85 MPa and 19.48%, respectively. Increasing the friction time to 5 s resulted in a maximum stress of 196.60 MPa and a strain value of 17.50%, while at 7 s, the maximum stress reached 194.64 MPa with a strain of 17.66%. Findings indicate that prolonged friction time tends to increase material brittleness. Hardness testing at 1450 rpm revealed values of 73.59 VHN at 3 s, 70.23 VHN at 5 s, and 79.47 VHN at 7 s, with increased rotation time resulting in finer grain structure and improved hardness. SEM-EDS analysis across all conditions (3, 5, and 7 s) consistently identified aluminum (Al) as the primary elemental constituent, reflective of the base alloy composition. These results highlight the influence of friction time and rotational speed on the material’s microstructural integrity and mechanical performance in friction welding applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1970 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Implementation of an Instrumented Motorcycle for a Naturalistic Driving Study in Indonesia

by Winda Halim, Erwani Merry Sartika, Jearim Jauhari Jarden and Hardianto Iridiastadi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084016 - 28 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2241

Abstract

Indonesia, a Southeast Asian country with a significant number of motorcycles, faces a high rate of motorcycle accidents, predominantly attributed to rider behavior. Various methods are available to study driver behavior, with the Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) being one of the most advanced [...] Read more.

Indonesia, a Southeast Asian country with a significant number of motorcycles, faces a high rate of motorcycle accidents, predominantly attributed to rider behavior. Various methods are available to study driver behavior, with the Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) being one of the most advanced approaches. This study employed a vehicle-based NDS method, utilizing an instrumented motorcycle equipped with sensors and cameras to capture detailed riding activities. These sensors recorded data such as speed, throttle position, brake and horn activation, turn signal usage, and motorcycle tilt. These data provided insights into rider behavior in response to surrounding traffic conditions. The purpose of this research was to transform an electric motorcycle into an instrumented motorcycle and designing experiments to collect relevant data. This innovative approach enabled detailed observation and analysis of motorcyclist behavior in Indonesia, contributing valuable insights for developing strategies to reduce motorcycle accidents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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15 pages, 2406 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Supporting Sustainable Workforce Management for Worker Illness Absence Through Predictive Analytics

by Ida Lumintu and Achmad Maududie

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084017 - 28 Jan 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2110

Abstract

This study aimed to predict employee sickness absence, vital for sustainable workforce management and organizational productivity. Despite its importance, gaps exist in using advanced machine learning for this purpose. This research developed and validated models—Gradient Boosting, CatBoost, and Random Forest—focused on predictors like [...] Read more.

This study aimed to predict employee sickness absence, vital for sustainable workforce management and organizational productivity. Despite its importance, gaps exist in using advanced machine learning for this purpose. This research developed and validated models—Gradient Boosting, CatBoost, and Random Forest—focused on predictors like health conditions, mental well-being, and work stress. Using a factory worker dataset, this study conducted feature engineering, causal inference, and model performance evaluation. Random Forest proved especially effective in predicting absence, with key factors including recent performance and health. The findings support targeted interventions and efficient resource allocation, promoting sustainable business practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 4780 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development and Performance Analysis of Coconut Coir Waste-Based Recycle Papers for Cooling Pad Applications

by Agus Dwi Anggono, Agung Setyo Darmawan and Agus Yulianto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084018 - 28 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 8164

Abstract

Paper is an essential material in daily life, yet its widespread use contributes significantly to waste, which poses environmental hazards. In Indonesia, paper waste is one of the most substantial types of solid waste. Recycling waste paper into new, usable products offers both [...] Read more.

Paper is an essential material in daily life, yet its widespread use contributes significantly to waste, which poses environmental hazards. In Indonesia, paper waste is one of the most substantial types of solid waste. Recycling waste paper into new, usable products offers both environmental and economic benefits. This study investigates the tensile strength, tearing strength, and microstructure of recycled paper produced using 70 g HVS waste paper, coconut husk fibers, NaOH as a chemical treatment, and tapioca powder as an adhesive. NaOH concentrations were varied at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% to assess their effects on the mechanical properties of the recycled paper. Results from tensile strength tests indicated that the highest tensile strength, 2.2774 MPa, was achieved with a 6% NaOH concentration, while the lowest tensile strength, 1.1065 MPa, was observed at a 4% NaOH concentration. Tearing strength tests showed that the highest tearing strength of 2.6145 MPa was obtained with a 4% NaOH concentration, whereas the lowest tearing strength of 1.8481 MPa was observed at an 8% NaOH concentration. Microstructural analysis of the fracture and tear zones revealed non-uniform fiber pullout, highlighting the influence of NaOH concentration on fiber bonding. These findings provide insights into optimizing NaOH concentration for improved mechanical properties in recycled paper products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 2659 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Mitigation Analysis for Tofu Production Process to Minimize Product Defects Using House of Risk Approach

by Hadi Susanto, Sheila Amalia Salma and Hanifa Rahmani

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084019 - 28 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Enhancing the sustainability of manufacturing systems requires reducing product defects through effective management of risks that impact product quality. A crucial component in minimizing defects is the adoption of robust risk management strategy. This study examines risk mitigation in the tofu production process [...] Read more.

Enhancing the sustainability of manufacturing systems requires reducing product defects through effective management of risks that impact product quality. A crucial component in minimizing defects is the adoption of robust risk management strategy. This study examines risk mitigation in the tofu production process to reduce product defects, by employing the House of Risk (HOR) framework to prioritize mitigation efforts. Data were collected through observations, in depth interviews, and focus group discussions, following the two-step HOR methodology. The analysis identified 12 risk events and seven risk agents, along with six prioritized mitigation strategies, based on the Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) ranking of the identified risk agents. The highest-priority strategy involves developing standardized work instructions for the tofu production process. This study offers practical insights for companies seeking to lower defect rates, thereby supporting the sustainability of their manufacturing systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 2544 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microstructural and Mechanical Analysis of Aluminum Joints Under Varying Rotational Speeds in Friction Welding with Post-Quenching

by Bibit Sugito, Agus Dwi Anggono, Agung Setyo Darmawan and Agus Hariyanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084020 - 29 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1506

Abstract

This study examines the effects of rotational speed and post-weld quenching on aluminum friction-welded joints’ microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties. Tests were conducted at rotational speeds of 1250 rpm, 1350 rpm, and 1450 rpm, with elemental composition assessed via SEM–EDS, and the hardness [...] Read more.

This study examines the effects of rotational speed and post-weld quenching on aluminum friction-welded joints’ microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties. Tests were conducted at rotational speeds of 1250 rpm, 1350 rpm, and 1450 rpm, with elemental composition assessed via SEM–EDS, and the hardness and mechanical properties were measured. The results showed that aluminum (Al) was the primary element in all samples. Hardness increased with rotational speed, reaching 70 VHN at 1250 rpm, 80 VHN at 1350 rpm, and 81 VHN at 1450 rpm. The highest stress was recorded at 1350 rpm, with the lowest at 1450 rpm. The aluminum joints exhibited high stress and strain values, confirming their ductile nature. These findings highlight the significant influence of rotational speed and quenching on friction-welded aluminum’s microstructural and mechanical behavior, providing insights for optimizing welding parameters for improved material performance in industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 823 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Dual Collection Channels Under a Carbon Tax Scheme in CLSC: Decentralized vs. Alliance

by Nur Layli Rachmawati and Chung-Chi Hsieh

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084021 - 27 Jan 2025

Viewed by 793

Abstract

This paper compares dual collection mode strategies under carbon tax regulation: (1) a decentralized strategy when both manufacturer and retailer collect EoL independently and they determine their pricing and collection decision separately and (2) an alliance strategy by incorporating backward integration, when manufacturer [...] Read more.

This paper compares dual collection mode strategies under carbon tax regulation: (1) a decentralized strategy when both manufacturer and retailer collect EoL independently and they determine their pricing and collection decision separately and (2) an alliance strategy by incorporating backward integration, when manufacturer and retailer make an alliance to recycle EoL but their pricing decisions are determined independently. The results show that the alliance strategy performs better in terms of total supply chain profit. Performing alliances benefits the manufacturer and supply chain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 6349 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhancing Hydrophilicity and Efficiency of PVC-Based Nanofiber Membranes by Adding PEG, Chitosan, and Silver Nanoparticles for Water Filtration

by Harini Sosiati, Lambang Prabowo Iqbal Hanafi, Kasyi Ridha Takiyudin, Sabtanti Harimurti and Yusmaniar Yusmaniar

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084022 - 29 Jan 2025

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1862

Abstract

This study aims to investigate PVC-based nanofiber membranes added with PEG, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles (CSNPs and AgNPs) to improve their hydrophilicity and filtration efficiency. The nanofiber membranes were fabricated by an electrospinning technique. All nanofiber membranes were subjected to a tensile test [...] Read more.

This study aims to investigate PVC-based nanofiber membranes added with PEG, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles (CSNPs and AgNPs) to improve their hydrophilicity and filtration efficiency. The nanofiber membranes were fabricated by an electrospinning technique. All nanofiber membranes were subjected to a tensile test according to the ASTM D882 standard and water contact angle (WCA) measurement. SEM was used to examine nanofiber morphology. Adding PEG to PVC increased hydrophilicity, lowering the water contact angle from 135° to 83°, while adding CSNPs and AgNPs to PEG/PVC slightly decreased it. The inclusion of these nanoparticles improved membrane tensile strength. In filtration tests, 0.5% AgNPs/PEG/PVC worked better against Colitinja bacteria than the CSNP variant. However, both types of nanoparticles were equally effective at inhibiting E. coli. These results indicate that 0.5% CSNP/PEG/PVC and 0.5% AgNPs/PEG/PVC membranes are promising for antibacterial water filtration applications due to their hydrophilic and durable properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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14 pages, 1628 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Systematic Review of Sustainable Materials for Railway Activity Noise Barriers in Indonesia

by Willy Anastasya Ilonka, Dewi Handayani and Koosdaryani Soeryodarundio

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084023 - 29 Jan 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3814

Abstract

Transportation is a major contributor to environmental noise pollution, which has significant health impacts, including cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress, hypertension, sleep disturbances, and mental health issues. Various countries have established stringent noise standards and implemented a range of mitigation techniques, with noise barriers [...] Read more.

Transportation is a major contributor to environmental noise pollution, which has significant health impacts, including cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress, hypertension, sleep disturbances, and mental health issues. Various countries have established stringent noise standards and implemented a range of mitigation techniques, with noise barriers being among the most effective. Recent studies emphasize using sustainable materials to minimize the environmental impact. This study systematically evaluates sustainable materials for railway noise barriers in Indonesia, focusing on bamboo due to its promising properties. Bamboo emerges as a promising material, with a maximum absorption coefficient of 0.95 at frequencies above 3500 Hz, demonstrating a high noise absorption efficiency. Bamboo offers dual benefits: effective noise reduction and alignment with sustainable development goals by utilizing a renewable, eco-friendly resource. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 2884 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experimental Study of Amorphous Photovoltaic Systems in Indoor Performance with Different Coolants

by Dessy Ade Pratiwi, Andi Ibrahim Soumi, Gumilang Wicaksono, Nurmuntaha Agung Nugraha, Azizah Fatmawati, Rizki Nurilyas Ahmad, Wafiq Kurniawan and Cahyo Jawoto Anggoro

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084024 - 29 Jan 2025

Viewed by 967

Abstract

The aim of this research is to investigate the performance of indoor amorphous photovoltaic systems with PVC water cooling and compare them with those using heatsink cooling. The amorphous approach used in this study involves water flowing through a PVC pipe and a [...] Read more.

The aim of this research is to investigate the performance of indoor amorphous photovoltaic systems with PVC water cooling and compare them with those using heatsink cooling. The amorphous approach used in this study involves water flowing through a PVC pipe and a heatsink cooler. The circular heatsink that was used has fins all around it. The water flow through the pipe is pumped from the reservoir to the PVC pipe. The study found that a PVC water flow-based active cooling system is the most effective at preserving thermal stability and improving the performance of amorphous PV modules under high light intensity circumstances, providing insights for future advancements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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13 pages, 241 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Implementation of Green Infrastructure in Sustainable Transportation in Supporting Urban Mobility: A Literature Review

by Aditya Restu Hapriyanto and Hafidzul Azmi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084025 - 30 Jan 2025

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 10195

Abstract

This research explores the implementation of green infrastructure in supporting sustainable transportation systems to improve urban mobility in big cities. The background of this research is based on the need to reduce the environmental impact of the transportation sector, which contributes significantly to [...] Read more.

This research explores the implementation of green infrastructure in supporting sustainable transportation systems to improve urban mobility in big cities. The background of this research is based on the need to reduce the environmental impact of the transportation sector, which contributes significantly to carbon emissions and air pollution, especially in dense urban areas. Green infrastructure, such as bicycle lanes, pedestrian-friendly sidewalks, and green open spaces, has been proven to have a positive impact in reducing pollution and improving people’s quality of life. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of green infrastructure can support sustainable transportation and improve the quality of mobility in urban areas, with a focus on case studies of cities such as Copenhagen, Amsterdam, and Singapore, and large cities in Indonesia, including Bandung. Using the literature review method, this research analyzes various reports, journal articles, and statistical data from previous studies regarding the impact of green infrastructure in reducing emissions and promoting environmentally friendly transportation. The results of the discussion show that the implementation of green infrastructure provides various benefits, such as reducing carbon emissions, improving public health, and creating a more comfortable urban environment. Large cities in Europe and Asia have been pioneers in implementing this system, while in Indonesia, cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung have begun to adopt similar concepts with some success, although they still face various challenges. In conclusion, green infrastructure is an important element in sustainable city development that not only improves mobility but also the overall quality of life of society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

11 pages, 3826 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of a 40-Story Office Building Combining a Post Tensioned Flat Slab with Separated Gravity Lateral Resisting Implementation

by Alexandra Patricia Andriani, Jessica Sjah, Indra Nurudin Fathoni and Nuraziz Handika

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084026 - 30 Jan 2025

Viewed by 3434

Abstract

Compared to other countries, the adoption of post-tensioned flat slab (PTFS) in Indonesia is relatively limited due to the susceptibility of flat slab to lateral forces. Nevertheless, flat slabs in high seismic zones scan still be achieved by utilizing the separated gravity lateral [...] Read more.

Compared to other countries, the adoption of post-tensioned flat slab (PTFS) in Indonesia is relatively limited due to the susceptibility of flat slab to lateral forces. Nevertheless, flat slabs in high seismic zones scan still be achieved by utilizing the separated gravity lateral resisting (SGLR) system. This study analyzes a 40-story office building by comparing the structural response, volume, and cost of PTFS with conventional structures. The findings reveal that PTFSs exhibit greater story drift and displacement but experience reduced story shear and overturning moments with a reduction in concrete volume of up to 10% and a 6% decrease in overall costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1035 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Conceptual Framework for Halal Supply Chain Traceability and Food Safety in Indonesia Based on Blockchain Technology and Internet of Things to Support Sustainable Development

by Miftakhurrizal Kurniawan, Suparno Suparno and Iwan Vanany

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084027 - 31 Jan 2025

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 9123

Abstract

Halal supply chain traceability and food safety are critical issues in the food industry, especially in Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population in the world. This study aims to develop a halal supply chain traceability and food safety model based on Blockchain [...] Read more.

Halal supply chain traceability and food safety are critical issues in the food industry, especially in Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population in the world. This study aims to develop a halal supply chain traceability and food safety model based on Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) that can improve transparency, efficiency, consumer trust in food products, and support sustainable development. This study proposes a conceptual framework for a halal supply chain traceability and food safety model based on Blockchain and IoT technologies. This model is expected to help Indonesia address issues related to halal assurance and food safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 1894 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Construction of a Mixing Machine in the Process of Manufacturing Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes

by Dermawan, Arfandy, Abram Tangkemanda and Ahmad Nurul Muttaqin

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084028 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 2838

Abstract

Utilizing new and renewable energy sources, particularly coconut shell charcoal briquettes, represents a crucial solution in addressing the limitations of fossil energy sources and combating climate change. The objective of this study is to design, fabricate, and test a mixing machine tailored to [...] Read more.

Utilizing new and renewable energy sources, particularly coconut shell charcoal briquettes, represents a crucial solution in addressing the limitations of fossil energy sources and combating climate change. The objective of this study is to design, fabricate, and test a mixing machine tailored to the requirements of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the briquette industry. The target is a minimum output of 100 kg per hour, meeting the quality standards outlined in SNI NO. 01/6235/2000. The composition used consisted of 100% charcoal, 4% adhesive flour, and 25% water. Various testing durations—4 min, 8 min, and 12 min—were employed. Optimal mixing of these components was achieved using a machine measuring 1130 × 750 × 700 mm, rotating at 44.4 rpm, and powered by a 2HP motor. The most effective mixing duration was found to be 12 min, resulting in a total mixed mass of 25.8 kg. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 2751 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sustainable Industrial Approaches: Utilizing Organic Acid for Purity Enhancement in Green Silica Production

by Aulia Cahyani and Purwanto Purwanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084029 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 2694

Abstract

Green silica synthesis from rice husk ash represents a viable solution for promoting environmental sustainability in industrial applications. Conventional silica produced in industrial processes is often crystalline and carcinogenic, posing significant health risks to humans and environmental hazards. In this study, the production [...] Read more.

Green silica synthesis from rice husk ash represents a viable solution for promoting environmental sustainability in industrial applications. Conventional silica produced in industrial processes is often crystalline and carcinogenic, posing significant health risks to humans and environmental hazards. In this study, the production of high-purity green silica was achieved through the application of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and tartaric acid (C₄H₆O₆) as chelating agents to effectively remove impurities. Acid leaching was performed with varying temperatures (25 °C and 75 °C) and durations (1 and 2 h). The results revealed green silica achieved SiO₂ purity of 92.21%, with the complete removal of MgO, P₂O₅, TiO₂, and CaO. The amorphous phase content is notably at 61.26%. Morphological analysis and surface area characterization confirmed an average adsorption pore size of 28.87 nm and a uniform pore size distribution of green silica in the 35–50 nm range. The surface properties and pore characteristics of the synthesized green silica meet the specifications for mesoporous silica, making it suitable for industrial purposes. This method highlights a potential alternative pathway and promotes the adoption of safe and environmentally benign chemicals, contributing to both material innovation and environmental sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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16 pages, 2326 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quality Control Analysis in the Production of Decorative Resin Lamps Using the Six Sigma and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis Methods

by Arinda Soraya Putri, Adhimsa Arrizal Salam, Ahmad Kholid Al Ghofari and Siti Nandiroh

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084030 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 2750

Abstract

A creative industry company producing resin-based decorative lamps is facing quality issues due to production defects. This study applied the Six Sigma and FMEA methods to identify controls, analyze causes, and propose improvements. Six Sigma reduces defects using the DMAIC approach, while FMEA [...] Read more.

A creative industry company producing resin-based decorative lamps is facing quality issues due to production defects. This study applied the Six Sigma and FMEA methods to identify controls, analyze causes, and propose improvements. Six Sigma reduces defects using the DMAIC approach, while FMEA assesses risks through the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The analysis showed a DPMO of 14,587.89 and a sigma level of 3.7, aligning with industry standards in Indonesia. Key defects included bubbles (57%), uneven surfaces (24%), and cracks (19%). Suggested improvements included training, production evaluations, rotary casting tools, safety measures, and enhanced cleanliness in the sanding area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 1066 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Female Consumer Preferences Toward Female Online Ojek Applications: A Conjoint Analysis

by Retno Indriartiningtias, Sabarudin Akhmad, Sirlya Shofa and Samsul Amar

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084031 - 4 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1331

Abstract

Motorcycles are widely used vehicles in Indonesia, not only as private vehicles but also for public transportation. Currently, there are many applications that help customers to use motorbikes as public transportation and are known as “online ojek” applications. Although there have been many [...] Read more.

Motorcycles are widely used vehicles in Indonesia, not only as private vehicles but also for public transportation. Currently, there are many applications that help customers to use motorbikes as public transportation and are known as “online ojek” applications. Although there have been many online ojek applications used by the public, there is no online ojek application specifically for women. This study uses the conjoint method to determine the attributes of female consumer preferences for online ojek applications so that further studies the result of this study as a reference for developing female online ojek applications. With a sample size of 130 respondents, the combination of attributes is formed using fractional factorial design. This study produces eight attributes and levels that are most desired by consumers: (1) colourless, 3D supporting icons with, (2) a primary application colour of pink, (3) button shapes with blunt rectangles, (4) bold text for the level selected in the thick and thin text design, (5) application menu containing homepage, promo, order, chat, profile, thick and thin text, (6) Indonesian application language, (7) payment menu containing accumulated prices and accumulated minutes and (8) 3D and colourful icons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1341 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Variables Affecting Reference Block Equivalency Process Using Ndt Ultrasonic Method

by Rizka Natasya Maharani, Alaya Fadllu Hadi Mukhmad, Wiji Mangestiyono, Sutrisno and Ghifar Maulana

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084032 - 6 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1217

Abstract

Non-destructive testing (NDT) aims to assess components without compromising their functionality by identifying internal defects. Ultrasonic testing, a key NDT method, uses sound waves (0.5–20 MHz) to detect imperfections and requires tool calibration with reference blocks for accuracy. This study focuses on ultrasonic [...] Read more.

Non-destructive testing (NDT) aims to assess components without compromising their functionality by identifying internal defects. Ultrasonic testing, a key NDT method, uses sound waves (0.5–20 MHz) to detect imperfections and requires tool calibration with reference blocks for accuracy. This study focuses on ultrasonic techniques and the equivalence of tool calibration and parameter adjustments. It involves selecting a reference block for testing and comparing it to a standard reference. The ultrasonic instrument checks if the alternate block produces a signal equivalent to the standard. Results showed a full screen length (FSL) difference, highlighting factors affecting reference block equivalence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 643 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Construction Safety Risk Assessment for Underground Structures in Military Hospital Projects Using Activity-Based Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

by Pungky Dharma Saputra, Muhammad Hamzah Fansuri, Anasya Arsita Laksmi, M Ragil and Madeline Nauli Basa Simbolon

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084033 - 5 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3703

Abstract

The Indonesian government is currently focusing on infrastructure development, including military infrastructure to strengthen national defense. One of these projects is the development of the Indonesian Army Central Hospital, which is being continually expanded with facilities such as proton beam therapy. Due to [...] Read more.

The Indonesian government is currently focusing on infrastructure development, including military infrastructure to strengthen national defense. One of these projects is the development of the Indonesian Army Central Hospital, which is being continually expanded with facilities such as proton beam therapy. Due to its underground construction, special attention must be given to construction safety to prevent workplace accidents. This study focuses on assessing construction safety risks at the military hospital using activity-based failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). The research methodology employed is a mixed-method approach involving 5 construction safety experts and 100 respondents directly involved in underground structure construction. Descriptive data analysis was conducted, serving as the basis for calculating risk priority numbers (RPN) using the FMEA method. Three main activities were identified with very high risks ranked from 1 to 10: lifting of contiguous pile casing, basement excavation, and installation of cast in situ bored pile gutter. These activities entail safety risks with RPN values ranging from 100 to 125, including worker’s hands being caught in tools/materials, being struck by tools/materials, falling/slipping into excavations, and being buried/struck by excavated soil. This research has positive implications as a reference for developing construction safety plans that include risk identification, risk assessment, and determination of control measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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18 pages, 10076 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimization of Dynamic Vibration Absorber on Ambulance Stretchers Using the Genetic Algorithm Method Based on ISO 2631 Standards

by Anandika Parwata and Wiwiek Hendrowati

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084034 - 5 Feb 2025

Viewed by 2494

Abstract

Ambulances play a crucial role in patient transportation and are often subjected to rapid accelerations, decelerations, and maneuvering. These dynamics can cause vibrations and instability, significantly impacting patient comfort and safety. This research aims to enhance patient comfort by implementing a dynamic vibration [...] Read more.

Ambulances play a crucial role in patient transportation and are often subjected to rapid accelerations, decelerations, and maneuvering. These dynamics can cause vibrations and instability, significantly impacting patient comfort and safety. This research aims to enhance patient comfort by implementing a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) system on the stretcher of an ambulance. The DVA incorporates additional mass connected through a damping system to reduce pitching and bouncing effects, improving comfort levels according to ISO 2631 standards. The optimization of parameters such as the distance between the stretcher’s center of gravity and the DVA, spring constants, damping coefficients, and mass is carried out using a genetic algorithm (GA). By using a half-car model and sinusoidal road profiles, this study simulates and analyzes the impact of DVA on reducing vibrations. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in patient comfort and safety during ambulance transport. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2553 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Analysis on FGH Terminal Using Importance Index and Bowtie Analysis Methods

by Mirga Maulana Rachmadhani, Mardhiah Gani, Aprisa Rian Histiarini and Oki Febiyani Amalia Tuankotta

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084035 - 5 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2178

Abstract

FGH terminal is an operator that provides container services with an integrated and standardized network system. Activities at the FGH terminal have a high risk. There are accidents of workers being hit by trucks carrying containers, trucks crashing into road dividers, trucks crashing [...] Read more.

FGH terminal is an operator that provides container services with an integrated and standardized network system. Activities at the FGH terminal have a high risk. There are accidents of workers being hit by trucks carrying containers, trucks crashing into road dividers, trucks crashing into electric poles, container damage, and even death. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a risk analysis to reduce the risk or even eliminate the existing risks. Risk analysis using the Importance Index (IMPI) method is carried out to assess risks by calculating the Frequency Index and Severity Index values, identifying the causes and consequences of risks that are classified as significant, analyzing the causes and impacts of risks and preventive actions and recovery actions from existing risks, and then will be described in a bowtie diagram. Based on risk identification, there are three variables: machine or equipment, human and environmental variables, and 45 indicators. Risk assessment using the IMPI method found 4 risks classified as significant, 12 risks classified as moderate, and 29 low categories. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 1613 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Priority Number Measurement for Construction Safety Risks in Upper Structure Projects of Military Airbase Hangars Based on Activity

by Madeline Nauli Basa Simbolon, Pungky Dharma Saputra and M Ragil

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084036 - 7 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1985

Abstract

Aircraft hangars are essential in the aviation industry, providing crucial maintenance and protection for aviation assets. However, constructing these upper structures involves significant safety risks. Due to the complexity of upper structure construction, it is vital to prioritize safety to prevent workplace accidents. [...] Read more.

Aircraft hangars are essential in the aviation industry, providing crucial maintenance and protection for aviation assets. However, constructing these upper structures involves significant safety risks. Due to the complexity of upper structure construction, it is vital to prioritize safety to prevent workplace accidents. Ensuring construction safety is not only crucial for operational efficiency but also aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8) and Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9). This study assesses the safety risks associated with hangar construction using activity-based failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). A mixed-method approach is adopted, incorporating insights from five construction safety experts and data from 100 individuals directly involved in the upper structure construction of the spaceframe hangar. Descriptive data analysis was employed to establish the foundation for computing risk priority numbers (RPNs) using the FMEA technique. Three primary activities were identified as having extremely high risks: workers falling from heights during the lifting and erection of the space frame, workers falling from heights during basement excavation while installing floor slab formwork, and workers falling from heights during the casting of floor slabs. These activities present safety risks with RPN values ranging from 64 to 100, including incidents of workers falling from heights and being struck by materials. This study serves as a crucial reference for formulating construction safety plans that encompass risk identification, assessment, and control measures. The findings provide essential insights into various safety hazards in construction projects, particularly those related to military infrastructure. By identifying and assessing these risks, the research facilitates the development of more effective and comprehensive safety protocols. Implementing the recommended control measures ensures a proactive approach to mitigating potential accidents and injuries. Consequently, this research contributes to academic knowledge and enhances safety standards and practices within the construction industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 1512 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exploring Children’s Preferences in Water Transportation: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Andri Irfan Rifai, Siti Tasyah, Yusra Aulia Sari and Joewono Prasetijo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084037 - 7 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1815

Abstract

The transportation choices of children commuting to school significantly impact their quality of life and safety. This study focuses on the unique aspect of water transportation, which is prevalent in various regions worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis of 1000 research papers using Publish [...] Read more.

The transportation choices of children commuting to school significantly impact their quality of life and safety. This study focuses on the unique aspect of water transportation, which is prevalent in various regions worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis of 1000 research papers using Publish or Perish and VOSViewer, we explore the critical factors influencing children’s preferences and experiences with water transport. The findings highlight that understanding these preferences is essential for developing safer and more efficient modes of water-based transportation. By addressing the specific challenges school-aged children face, this research aims to inform the design and implementation of improved water transport solutions, ultimately enhancing their well-being and security. This study underscores the importance of tailored transportation strategies in creating a safer and more supportive environment for children navigating their daily commutes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2331 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of the Use of Fly Ash Variations as a Partial Cement Substitute for Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Mixtures

by Mochamad Solikin, Gilang Arwiyan Ahmad Izutholibin, Nur Khotimah Handayani and Yenny Nurchasanah

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084038 - 5 Feb 2025

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2116

Abstract

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a relatively stiff concrete mixture generally designed with a zero-slump value and compacted with a vibratory roller. It is commonly used in pavement construction. To reduce the utilization of cement, this study employs fly ash at variations of [...] Read more.

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a relatively stiff concrete mixture generally designed with a zero-slump value and compacted with a vibratory roller. It is commonly used in pavement construction. To reduce the utilization of cement, this study employs fly ash at variations of 0%, 40%, and 50% as cement replacements to study fresh concrete’s workability and the hardened concrete’s mechanical properties. The workability of fresh concrete coming from the vebe test result shows that all the mixtures, according to Brownsville TX, meet the workability criteria as RCC. Moreover, it is concluded that using fly ash as a partial replacement for cement has a positive impact on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 231 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Recent Facial Image Preprocessing Techniques: A Review

by Rendra Soekarta and Ku Ruhana Ku-Mahamud

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084039 - 7 Feb 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7623

Abstract

This review analyzes recent advancements in facial recognition and classification algorithms, emphasizing the critical role of preprocessing techniques in enhancing the algorithms’ accuracy, reliability, and efficiency. Facial image preprocessing is a critical step in various applications, including facial recognition, emotion detection, and biometric [...] Read more.

This review analyzes recent advancements in facial recognition and classification algorithms, emphasizing the critical role of preprocessing techniques in enhancing the algorithms’ accuracy, reliability, and efficiency. Facial image preprocessing is a critical step in various applications, including facial recognition, emotion detection, and biometric authentication. Preprocessing methods including normalization, noise reduction, illumination correction, alignment, resolution enhancement, data augmentation, and edge detection are essential for improving image quality and standardizing facial features in improving facial image quality. The review explores the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques across different facial datasets. The ongoing refinement of preprocessing techniques will be pivotal in advancing facial recognition, classification, and other image-based tasks. Finally, this paper provides insights into the future directions of research. As the demand for more robust, fair, and efficient systems grows, developing domain-specific preprocessing methods and adopting cutting-edge artificial intelligence technologies will be vital to meet the challenges of increasingly complex applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

9 pages, 7923 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study on Design Innovation of Three-Dimensional Calligraphy Products Through Integrated Reverse Engineering and CNC Machining Techniques

by Ahmad Amin Azmi Jaludin and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084040 - 7 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1234

Abstract

This paper presents an alternative method of producing 3D calligraphy products that have been created using integrated modern technologies, specifically reverse engineering and CNC machining. Traditionally, calligraphy is performed by hand on any suitable medium, such as on a wall or even on [...] Read more.

This paper presents an alternative method of producing 3D calligraphy products that have been created using integrated modern technologies, specifically reverse engineering and CNC machining. Traditionally, calligraphy is performed by hand on any suitable medium, such as on a wall or even on wood, which has drawbacks, i.e., it is time consuming and requires an original drawing or blueprint. To address these drawbacks, this new method utilizes integrated reverse engineering and CNC machining techniques to produce 3D calligraphy products without the need for an original drawing or blueprint, significantly reducing time consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 1148 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Partial Purification of Bacillus cereus Enzyme Expression for Bio-Pulping of Lignin Degraders Isolated from Coptotermus curvignathus

by Sharfina Mutia Syarifah, Ashuvila Mohd Aripin, Nadiah Ishak, Nosa Septiana Anindita, Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab and Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084041 - 7 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1648

Abstract

Despite extensive research on Bacillus sp. as lignin degraders, the enzyme mechanisms involved, particularly in Bacillus cereus isolated from termite guts, remain unclear. In this study, the selected Bacillus cereus was fermented to extract the lignin-degrading enzymes to identify the enzymes responsible for [...] Read more.

Despite extensive research on Bacillus sp. as lignin degraders, the enzyme mechanisms involved, particularly in Bacillus cereus isolated from termite guts, remain unclear. In this study, the selected Bacillus cereus was fermented to extract the lignin-degrading enzymes to identify the enzymes responsible for lignin degradation using the sample substrate empty fruit bunch (EFB) as their sole carbon source. After 7 days of submerged fermentation (SmF), the crude enzyme was extracted, and SDS-PAGE gel was used to determine the weight of the proteins, and bands with sizes of 20 kDa–97 kDa were extracted for further analysis. The extracted proteins were partially characterized and sequenced using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The results identified 11 enzymes that are responsible for lignin degradation, such as 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA), amidohydrolase, chemotaxis protein, serine hydrolase, GMC family protein, glycosyltransferase, phosphate binding protein PstS, ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, heme peroxidase, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase. The value of the mutual relationships between all the enzymes in Bacillus cereus indicates the synergistic mechanism under carbon scrutinization. Also, the peptides sequenced in this study identified various uncharacterized proteins and hypothetical proteins that might not be discovered for their protein functions. Further analysis is essential to uncover more lignin degradation enzymes that can work synergically for paper and pulp bioprocessing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 933 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Review: Vibration Caused by Transportation

by Alan Riski Rio Ardian, Dewi Handayani and Ahmad Marzuki

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084042 - 7 Feb 2025

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4665

Abstract

The increasing demand for transportation has led to a significant rise in vibration levels, posing substantial risks to infrastructure, human health, and quality of life. This study reviews the literature on transportation-induced vibrations, with a particular focus on railway vibrations, which are identified [...] Read more.

The increasing demand for transportation has led to a significant rise in vibration levels, posing substantial risks to infrastructure, human health, and quality of life. This study reviews the literature on transportation-induced vibrations, with a particular focus on railway vibrations, which are identified as the most intense due to their operational weight and speed. The vibrations can cause structural damage, disrupt community well-being, and lead to health issues. A systematic literature review employing defined search strategies and inclusion criteria was conducted to assess the causes and effects of these vibrations. The findings highlight the need for regular monitoring and evaluation of vibration levels, as well as the implementation of effective engineering solutions and urban planning strategies to mitigate their impact. The study also notes gaps in current regulatory measures, emphasizes the need for improvements and developments in this area. Overall, addressing transportation vibrations requires a holistic approach that integrates robust monitoring systems, urban planning, and the adoption of international vibration standards to ensure the longevity of infrastructure and enhance community well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 3396 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development and Implementation of Modular Turning Dynamometer with Miniature Load Cell

by Naruebet Khammongkhon, Phanuwat Niropas, Chanikan Pomusa and Bandit Suksawat

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084043 - 7 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1418

Abstract

This study presents the design, development, and implementation of a novel modular three-axis cutting force measurement system for turning lathes. The system employs miniature load cells in an innovative two-channel slotted dynamometer structure, offering a cost-effective and compact alternative to conventional dynamometers. The [...] Read more.

This study presents the design, development, and implementation of a novel modular three-axis cutting force measurement system for turning lathes. The system employs miniature load cells in an innovative two-channel slotted dynamometer structure, offering a cost-effective and compact alternative to conventional dynamometers. The primary structure utilizes a cantilever concept, in which cutting forces induce deformation, compressing strategically positioned load cells. A 300 kgf load cell measures the main cutting force, while a 100 kgf load cell detects the feed force. Additionally, a 20 kgf load cell measures the radial force through a sliding tool holder mechanism. Finite element analysis was employed to optimize the dynamometer’s parameters, striking a balance between maximum deflection and structural integrity. The optimized design achieved a safety factor of 4.377, with maximum deflections of 8.81 µm and 9.89 µm for the main cutting and feed force measurements, respectively. Static calibration of the load cells demonstrated robust correlations between voltage and force, with the coefficient of determination (R²) values exceeding 0.999. The system’s precision was evaluated through cutting experiments on mild steel of varying depths (0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mm) and feed rates (0.105, 0.150, 0.210 mm/rev). The experimental results indicate that the main cutting force consistently exceeded feed and radial forces across all conditions. The system exhibited high precision, with relative standard deviation (RSD) percentages below 5% on average and not exceeding 7.5% in individual experiments. This modular dynamometer design offers a flexible, precise, and cost-effective solution for cutting force measurement in turning operations. Its modularity facilitates easy maintenance and adaptation to various cutting conditions, rendering the developed modular turning dynamometer suitable for both research and industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 3842 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Preliminary Study on Computer Aided Process Planning for Generating Additive Manufacturing Products via 3D/4D/5D Printing

by Izzah Nadhilah Ilias and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084044 - 7 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1476

Abstract

This paper presents an integrated CAD/CAM system that can be used for Computer Aided Process Planning to interact or automate 3D/4D/5D printing process towards Industry 5.0. By creating a new algorithm, macro is developed that has the capability to determine any suitable type [...] Read more.

This paper presents an integrated CAD/CAM system that can be used for Computer Aided Process Planning to interact or automate 3D/4D/5D printing process towards Industry 5.0. By creating a new algorithm, macro is developed that has the capability to determine any suitable type of printing process whether 3D, 4D or 5D printing for generating Additive Manufacturing products. The methodology of this study is focused starting from designing 3D CAD models for Additive Manufacturing products until generating 3D/4D/5D printing process planning by a creation of macro. The algorithm is tested by printing simulations from 3D printing extended up to 5D printing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 8168 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Numerical Analysis of Boring Bar Vibration Response in Internal Turning with Spherical Mass–Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorber (MR-DVA)

by Aufa Ulin Nuha and Wiwiek Hendrowati

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084045 - 7 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1531

Abstract

Vibration control in boring processes is essential to ensure machining accuracy and stability. This study analyzed the vibration response of a boring bar fitted with a combination of three pairs of spherical Mass–Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (MR-DVAs) with different stiffness constants during internal [...] Read more.

Vibration control in boring processes is essential to ensure machining accuracy and stability. This study analyzed the vibration response of a boring bar fitted with a combination of three pairs of spherical Mass–Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (MR-DVAs) with different stiffness constants during internal turning operations on a lathe machine. A customized boring bar with an internal cavity designed to house the spherical MR-DVA was employed. Modal analysis was performed using ANSYS software version 19.2 to determine natural frequencies, which were then applied in harmonic response simulations to analyze vibration behavior under an excitation force derived from cutting parameters including spindle speed, federate, and depth of cut. The dynamic response was evaluated in three axes (axial, tangential, and radial), highlighting the effectiveness of different rubber combinations. The results demonstrated that the integration of the spherical MR-DVA significantly reduced vibration amplitudes. These findings contribute to optimizing vibration control in deep-hole boring applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 804 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Implementing Image Processing for Quality Inspection of Car Air Conditioning Vents

by Hong Zhuang Yuan, Kamarul Hawari Ghazali, Adyanata Lubis, Sunardi Sunardi, Budi Yanto and Samra Urooj Khan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084046 - 7 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1212

Abstract

Quality inspection in the manufacturing of car air conditioning vents has traditionally relied on human operators, a process prone to subjectivity, inconsistency, and inefficiency due to factors like fatigue and human error. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an automated quality inspection [...] Read more.

Quality inspection in the manufacturing of car air conditioning vents has traditionally relied on human operators, a process prone to subjectivity, inconsistency, and inefficiency due to factors like fatigue and human error. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an automated quality inspection system using image processing techniques to detect defects such as missing parts and scratches. Using MATLAB, the system integrates image acquisition, enhancement, segmentation, and defect analysis for consistent and accurate inspection. Images are captured under controlled lighting with optimal camera positioning to minimize distortion, and preprocessing techniques such as contrast adjustment, morphological operations, and adaptive thresholding are applied to refine image quality and highlight defects. Extensive validation of the system demonstrated over 90% accuracy in defect detection, particularly when vent positions and angles were fixed. This study highlights the potential of combining image processing and machine vision to improve quality control processes in the automotive industry, offering a reliable alternative to traditional manual inspections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 406 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Mental Health Classification Using Machine Learning with PCA and Logistics Regression Approaches for Decision Making

by Hendra Hendra, Mustafa Mat Deris and Ika Safitri Windiarti

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084047 - 10 Feb 2025

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3463

Abstract

Mental health statistics come with numerous challenges, beginning with data integrity. Ensuring data accuracy and reliability is essential, especially if these datasets are to be used for advanced analysis or research. Additionally, privacy concerns heavily impact the management of mental health data. Protecting [...] Read more.

Mental health statistics come with numerous challenges, beginning with data integrity. Ensuring data accuracy and reliability is essential, especially if these datasets are to be used for advanced analysis or research. Additionally, privacy concerns heavily impact the management of mental health data. Protecting the privacy and confidentiality of individuals—especially those with personal or sensitive information—is paramount in system development. Robust protocols should be implemented to prevent unauthorized access and potential breaches. Another critical issue is bias in the training data, which can arise from the underrepresentation of certain demographic groups or the overrepresentation of others. Reducing bias within these datasets is essential to enhance the fairness and accuracy of the models and algorithms they support. Research on mental health classification using machine learning techniques, particularly PCA and logistic regression, is significant because it has the potential to improve decision-making in mental health care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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14 pages, 6050 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Discovering the Wisdom of the Orang Asli Traditional Dwellings: Typologies Formation Through Physical Characteristics

by Noor Hanita Abdul Majid and Mohd Afiq Rosali

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084048 - 10 Feb 2025

Viewed by 3410

Abstract

The architecture of the Orang Asli (OA) in Peninsular Malaysia has always been disregarded in studies of the indigenous people. This study is a venture towards recognizing and classifying the OA dwellings into typologies by outlining the salient characteristics of the physical form [...] Read more.

The architecture of the Orang Asli (OA) in Peninsular Malaysia has always been disregarded in studies of the indigenous people. This study is a venture towards recognizing and classifying the OA dwellings into typologies by outlining the salient characteristics of the physical form for further studies about the OA traditional dwellings. Data are collected through field measurements, interviews, and visual recordings of the identified case studies. Typologies of the OA are formed by analyzing the basic shapes and architectural characteristics, salient architectural features, and materials. This study found that the OA dwellings have sustainable and unique attributes to the sub-ethnicities. The typology classification is the plan and roof form (roof slope degrees), height of the floor from the ground level, opening and geometry, and material used for construction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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5 pages, 184 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Social Implications of Technological Advancements in Sentiment Analysis: A Literature Review on Potential and Consequences over the Next 20 Years

by Daryanto, Ika Safitri Windiarti and Bagus Setya Rintyarna

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084049 - 10 Feb 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1656

Abstract

This study uses a literature review method to examine the social impact of technological advancements in sentiment analysis and its potential and consequences over the next 20 years. Key findings indicate that sentiment analysis technology significantly benefits customer service, business decision-making, and real-time [...] Read more.

This study uses a literature review method to examine the social impact of technological advancements in sentiment analysis and its potential and consequences over the next 20 years. Key findings indicate that sentiment analysis technology significantly benefits customer service, business decision-making, and real-time reputation monitoring sectors. It enables more responsive policy design by understanding public emotions in political and social contexts. However, data privacy, misinformation, and diminished critical thinking persist. This study contributes to the existing literature by comprehensively analyzing ethical and regulatory needs and identifying integration opportunities with IoT, big data, and AI to maximize benefits while minimizing risks. Practically, it offers actionable policy recommendations for leveraging sentiment analysis responsibly to promote societal well-being and foster sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

6 pages, 397 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Developing Concept of Walking Aid for Stroke Survivors

by Mahrus Khoirul Umami, Hakam Muzakki, Imam Basori, Muhammad Sumardhan and Andre Prasetyo Darmawan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084050 - 10 Feb 2025

Viewed by 2313

Abstract

This study aims to develop a walking aid model, for stroke survivors. The design of this assistive device focuses on increasing stability and support for correct body posture, as well as ease of use. The concept’s development processes include identifying user needs, generating [...] Read more.

This study aims to develop a walking aid model, for stroke survivors. The design of this assistive device focuses on increasing stability and support for correct body posture, as well as ease of use. The concept’s development processes include identifying user needs, generating device concepts, and selecting a final concept. The user-centered design was applied in the concept development, especially in its conformity with the users’ anthropometry and mechanical capacity, as well as the product safety principles. Mechanical load analysis of the design was also carried out to meet the functionality of the device and used as a foundation for prototype development. The developed device is expected to contribute to improving the quality of life of stroke survivors, since they regain their ability to complete many of their daily activities by themselves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 1977 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Designing Metal Hydride-Phase Change Material with Analytical and Numerical Method

by Ajeng Tri Rahayu, Faizal Ramadhan, Putu Suwarta, Witantyo Witantyo and Suwarno Suwarno

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084051 - 11 Feb 2025

Viewed by 2242

Abstract

This study examines the thermal characteristics of metal hydride systems comprised of MgH₂ and LaNi₅, paired with LiNO₃·3H₂O and NaNo₃ as a phase change material, through both analytical and computational approaches. Analytical methods were utilized [...] Read more.

This study examines the thermal characteristics of metal hydride systems comprised of MgH₂ and LaNi₅, paired with LiNO₃·3H₂O and NaNo₃ as a phase change material, through both analytical and computational approaches. Analytical methods were utilized to identify the most suitable volume and mass proportions of metal hydrides to PCM, whereas simulations calculated hydrogen absorption/desorption times and temperature distribution. The findings indicate that MgH₂ functions at a higher temperature and necessitates a greater volume of PCM on account of its high enthalpy. In comparison, LaNi₅ exhibits more rapid absorption and desorption reaction rates, rendering it beneficial for use in applications requiring quick hydrogen storage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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18 pages, 937 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Advancing Electric Vehicle Safety and Adoption in Indonesia: Insights from Global and Local Perspectives

by Dimas Akmarul Putera, Nofias Fajri and Tania Alda

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084052 - 11 Feb 2025

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6670

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are central to global efforts in reducing carbon emissions and transitioning toward sustainable transportation. This literature review emphasizes the critical role of safety in advancing EV adoption in Indonesia by drawing insights from global advancements and addressing local challenges. Key [...] Read more.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are central to global efforts in reducing carbon emissions and transitioning toward sustainable transportation. This literature review emphasizes the critical role of safety in advancing EV adoption in Indonesia by drawing insights from global advancements and addressing local challenges. Key findings highlight that while EVs promise significant environmental benefits, safety concerns, such as battery thermal runaway risks and structural reliability in diverse road and climatic conditions, remain significant barriers. Issues such as battery safety, including thermal runaway risks, and the reliability of structural designs in Indonesia’s diverse road and climatic conditions are pivotal. Globally, advancements in battery management systems (BMS), crash-resistant vehicle designs, and autonomous driving technologies provide effective pathways to mitigate these safety risks. Locally, the development of safety standards tailored to tropical climates and robust infrastructure is essential. Leveraging Indonesia’s natural resources, such as nickel, offers opportunities to produce safer and cost-effective batteries. Additionally, policy frameworks like Presidential Regulation No. 55/2019 must prioritize safety measures, including rigorous testing, recycling protocols, and public education. This study concludes by advocating for an integrated approach that combines technological innovation, enhanced safety features, and supportive policies to accelerate EV adoption in Indonesia. Future research should focus on improving safety technologies, lifecycle assessments, and renewable energy integration to ensure the long-term success of EV adoption in the country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 4570 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Validate CFD Simulation of H-Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) with Experimental Data

by M. Hikmatul Ridho and Prabowo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084053 - 11 Feb 2025

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3138

Abstract

The energy consumption pattern in the world, and in Indonesia today, is still dominated by fossil energy in oil, gas, and coal. It contradicts the reduced production of fossil energy, especially petroleum. Therefore, the government is trying to increase the role of new [...] Read more.

The energy consumption pattern in the world, and in Indonesia today, is still dominated by fossil energy in oil, gas, and coal. It contradicts the reduced production of fossil energy, especially petroleum. Therefore, the government is trying to increase the role of new and renewable energy. One of the renewable energy sources that can be developed is wind energy. Indonesia has the potential for wind energy of 60.6 GW with an average wind velocity of 3–6 m/s. Given these conditions, it is expected that the installation of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) in buildings in urban areas and remote islands will be able to take advantage of the wind speed flowing above or beside buildings or skyscrapers, where the wind conditions do not have obstacles such as trees, houses, and so on. As a result, analysis and experimentation are required to design a wind turbine with good performance that can be used in cities or remote islands at relatively low wind speeds. The method used in this study is numerical analysis with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with poly-hexacore meshing type, and the geometry sample is an H-Darrieus turbine. The input parameter is wind speed, which ranges from 2.5 to 9 m/s. The final goal of this study is to determine whether the CFD simulation modeling used is credible or valid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2395 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Re-Engineering and Initial Computational Study on Non-Organic Waste and Hazardous Waste Incinerators

by Muhammad Iqsal Oktavani, Sarjito and Agus Yulianto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084054 - 11 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1126

Abstract

Unmanaged waste can cause environmental pollution, as well as hygiene and health problems. Sitimulyo Piyungan Bantul at the coordinates of −7.86409, 110.42888 was established in 1994 and is the final waste repository area in Yogyakarta, and it is now completely closed; consequently, causing [...] Read more.

Unmanaged waste can cause environmental pollution, as well as hygiene and health problems. Sitimulyo Piyungan Bantul at the coordinates of −7.86409, 110.42888 was established in 1994 and is the final waste repository area in Yogyakarta, and it is now completely closed; consequently, causing joblessness in the surrounding community. There are activities that can be undertaken to recycle waste such as managing rubbish. Waste can be divided into four categories scrapping, composting, and producing maggot food. However, unmanaged and useful waste, namely, inorganic and hazardous waste, remains a big problem. This research work aims to solve the problem by re-engineering and making an initial simulation using computational fluid dynamics of an incinerator to complete unmanaged inorganic and hazardous rubbish. The incinerator was produced to process non-organic solid and medical waste, which should be combusted at temperatures higher than 800 °C to reduce combustible rubbish that can no longer be recycled, and toxic chemicals, to kill bacteria and viruses. The main incinerator frame is made of an iron elbow. Construction of the incinerator is divided into the chamber, recirculation zone, and chimneys. The wall of the incinerator machine is made of refractory stone and insulators. To measure and control the temperature, thermocouples and a thermocontrol are placed at the inner wall of the incinerator machine. The function of the incinerator machine was tested, and it ran normally. Initial operation of an incinerator for solid hazardous waste such as infusion bottles, pets, glass bottles, pampers, and expired medicines was undertaken. The performance showed that the achieved temperature was 705 °C during the process of the operation, and all of the hazardous waste became ash and the recycled material became a paving block that is economically worthwhile. Hence, the incinerator can be operated as a household industrial tool for a solid medical waste processing apparatus. An initial computational study of the incinerator was also carried out briefly using the student version of commercial software. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 179 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Measuring the Productivity and Environmental Performance of Pamekasan Batik Using the Concept of Green Productivity

by Ika Deefi Anna, Indra Cahyadi and Muhammad Khoirul Alfa

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084055 - 11 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1520

Abstract

This study aims to measure the productivity and environmental performance of UD. AB, a small-to-medium batik enterprise in Pamekasan Regency, Madura. Productivity measurement was conducted by comparing output in the form of hand-written batik sales, while the inputs used consisted of materials, energy, [...] Read more.

This study aims to measure the productivity and environmental performance of UD. AB, a small-to-medium batik enterprise in Pamekasan Regency, Madura. Productivity measurement was conducted by comparing output in the form of hand-written batik sales, while the inputs used consisted of materials, energy, and labor. The application of the green productivity concept was used to measure the environmental performance of this batik business by calculating the Environmental Performance Indicator (EPI) value for several environmental parameters. The results of calculating the productivity value of UD AB in 2018–2023 show that the highest productivity value was 1.449 in 2022 and the lowest productivity value was 1.266 in 2020. The results of the environmental performance calculation show that the Ph parameter has the largest EPI value of −0.007 and the ammonia parameter has the smallest EPI value of −3.307. The total EPI index value is −5.010, which means that the environmental performance is low. The proposed improvement recommendation to reduce environmental impact is to send liquid waste to the waste treatment plant owned by CV BA, which still has capacity, and to replace chemical dyes with natural dyes derived from plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

13 pages, 745 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Assessment with Monte Carlo Simulation to Improve Bridge Construction Safety

by Widi Hartono, Stefanus Adi Kristiawan, Dewi Handayani and Wahyudi Sutopo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084056 - 12 Feb 2025

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7098

Abstract

The safety of bridge construction has become a special concern for the Indonesian government since many bridge construction accidents occurred in 2017 and 2018. Construction projects involve a small number of contractor employees, so when conducting accident risk assessments, the results become less [...] Read more.

The safety of bridge construction has become a special concern for the Indonesian government since many bridge construction accidents occurred in 2017 and 2018. Construction projects involve a small number of contractor employees, so when conducting accident risk assessments, the results become less accurate. Monte Carlo simulation is a method that can be applied to conduct risk analysis with limited available data. This research began with the identification of potential risks that might occur in bridge construction, resulting in 24 types of risks. Risk assessment was conducted based on the list of risks identified by the contractor’s employees who were working on a bridge project. The results of the risk assessment were then analyzed and prepared for the Monte Carlo simulation process. The simulation results showed accurate outcomes with a total of 10,000 simulations. The greatest risks occur when a worker falls, which has a risk index of 12.5961, and a girder collapses during installation, which has a risk index of 16.1873. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 9530 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Alkali and Silane Treated Ramie Yarn Fiber for 3D-Printed Filament Composite Material Reinforcement

by Lilis Safitri, Sutikno Sutikno and Putu Suwarta

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084057 - 13 Feb 2025

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2962

Abstract

Natural fiber such as ramie is a type of reinforcement material derived from natural sources. These reinforcement materials offer an environmentally sustainable solution contributing to eco-friendly practices. However, natural fibers face challenges as reinforcement materials due to the presence of non-cellulosic impurities and [...] Read more.

Natural fiber such as ramie is a type of reinforcement material derived from natural sources. These reinforcement materials offer an environmentally sustainable solution contributing to eco-friendly practices. However, natural fibers face challenges as reinforcement materials due to the presence of non-cellulosic impurities and structural irregularities, which reduce crystallinity. This study explores the impact of alkali using sodium hydroxide (NaOH 5%) and silane using 3-(Aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane (APTES 1% and 3%) treatments on the chemical structure and crystallinity index of ramie yarn fiber (Boehmeria nivea). Alkali treatment effectively removes non-cellulosic impurities, resulting in an improved crystalline structure, while silane treatment modifies the fiber surface, introducing functional groups that alter its chemical structure. The chemical modifications were analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the crystallinity index was measured through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The findings revealed that alkali treatment significantly increased the crystallinity index (Crl) of ramie fibers to the highest value of 82.63%, and silane treatment primarily enhanced surface reactivity, facilitating better adhesion and chemical bonding with the matrix. This research highlights the potential of alkali and silane treatments for optimizing ramie fiber for use in advanced polymer composite applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 5947 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Analysis of Rural Road Distress with Indonesian Standard: A Case of Majalengka-West Java

by Muhammad N. F. A. Rachman, Andri Irfan Rifai, Arief Rijaluddin and Joewono Prasetijo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084058 - 13 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4048

Abstract

Road connectivity and accessibility for the community start from the lowest level, namely rural roads. Rural road conditions reflect the condition of infrastructure in rural areas. This study aims to study the characteristics of rural road damage. The location of this study is [...] Read more.

Road connectivity and accessibility for the community start from the lowest level, namely rural roads. Rural road conditions reflect the condition of infrastructure in rural areas. This study aims to study the characteristics of rural road damage. The location of this study is rural roads in West Java, Indonesia, the case of Majalengka Regency. Data collection was carried out on Jalan Gunung Kuning-Sindang in May 2024. The research method and data processing used the Bina Marga–Indonesia (Directorate General of Highway) standard. The study results show that, in general, the rural roads are still damaged. Most of the damage to these village roads is due to poor road maintenance and water control along the road, especially in mountainous areas. Based on the priority order, a value of 9 was obtained to be included in the periodic maintenance program. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 3736 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparative Study of Propeller Thrust Force on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Ground Testing Methods and Theoretical Calculations

by Afif Faishal, Imas Tri Setyadewi, Nur Aklis, Furqaan Harjanto, Ari Mukti Wibowo and Agung Supriyanto

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084059 - 13 Feb 2025

Viewed by 4187

Abstract

The propeller thrust force is a critical performance factor for UAVs, directly influencing the aircraft’s lift in the air. Various factors, such as propeller design, motor power, and operating conditions, influence thrust force. The propeller type also significantly impacts the thrust produced. It [...] Read more.

The propeller thrust force is a critical performance factor for UAVs, directly influencing the aircraft’s lift in the air. Various factors, such as propeller design, motor power, and operating conditions, influence thrust force. The propeller type also significantly impacts the thrust produced. It is essential to compare various types of propellers for UAV applications to obtain optimal thrust. This study employs ground testing and theoretical calculations to analyze and enhance propeller performance. Ground testing provides direct measurements of thrust force in controlled conditions, while theoretical study was conducted to predict thrust through mathematical calculations. This research was conducted on two different propellers, investigating variations in engine speed (Rpm). The results demonstrate that propellers A and B produce different amounts of thrust. These results were analyzed by comparing them with the outcomes of theoretical calculations. The experimental results and theoretical calculations show similar trends. However, there are noticeable differences in the thrust produced by both. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 3322 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrating Time Series Decomposition and Deep Learning: An STL-TCN-Transformer Framework for Landslide Displacement Prediction

by Shuai Ren and Kamarul Hawari Ghazali

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084060 - 13 Feb 2025

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2002

Abstract

Accurate prediction of landslide displacement is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study proposes an STL-TCN-Transformer model that combines time series decomposition with deep learning to predict cumulative displacement. Using monitoring data from the Baishuihe landslide, the displacement sequence was decomposed into [...] Read more.

Accurate prediction of landslide displacement is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study proposes an STL-TCN-Transformer model that combines time series decomposition with deep learning to predict cumulative displacement. Using monitoring data from the Baishuihe landslide, the displacement sequence was decomposed into trend, periodic, and residual components using the STL method. The trend component, determined by geotechnical properties, was predicted using a univariate TCN-Transformer, while the periodic and residual components, influenced by rainfall and reservoir water levels, were analyzed for nonlinear correlations using the Spearman method and predicted with a multivariate TCN-Transformer. The proposed model achieved superior performance, with R² of 0.993, RMSE of 7.82 mm, and MAE of 5.82 mm, significantly outperforming EMD-LSTM, EEMD-RNN, and VMD-BiLSTM models in all metrics. These findings demonstrate the ability of the STL-TCN-Transformer to effectively capture the dynamics of landslide displacement, offering a reliable approach for landslide monitoring and early warning systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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14 pages, 223 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Handling Semantic Relationships for Classification of Sparse Text: A Review

by Safuan and Ku Ruhana Ku-Mahamud

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084061 - 17 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2334

Abstract

The classification of sparse text, common in short or specialized content, is challenging for natural language processing. These challenges stem from high-dimensional data and scarce relevant features because sparse text can result from noisy, short, or contextually limited inputs. This paper reviews approaches [...] Read more.

The classification of sparse text, common in short or specialized content, is challenging for natural language processing. These challenges stem from high-dimensional data and scarce relevant features because sparse text can result from noisy, short, or contextually limited inputs. This paper reviews approaches for handling semantic relationships in sparse text classification. Approaches like FastText and Latent Dirichlet Allocation are discussed for addressing feature sparsity while maintaining semantic integrity. Embedding techniques, such as Word2Vec and BERT, are crucial for capturing contextual meanings and improving accuracy. Recent advances include hybrid models that combine deep learning and traditional methods for better performance. These approaches work across various datasets, including social media and scientific publications. Finally, progress in using semantic relationships for sparse text classification is reviewed, and open challenges and future research directions are identified to better integrate semantic understanding in sparse text classification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

14 pages, 6443 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Implementation of Agile Software Development in the Design of Management Information Systems Inventory and Finance at P2MKP Alang-Alang Tumbuh Subur

by Dinda Safitri Ramadhani, Nida Aulia, Arinda Soraya Putri, Munajat Tri Nugroho, Arga Seta Asmara Sakti and Raden Danang Aryo Putro Satriyono

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084062 - 18 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4302

Abstract

P2MKP Alang-alang Tumbuh Subur is an MSME that produces various types of food made from catfish. Inventory recording in these MSMEs is still carried out using simple Excel, which causes various problems, such as differences in real stock and recording stock, longer recording [...] Read more.

P2MKP Alang-alang Tumbuh Subur is an MSME that produces various types of food made from catfish. Inventory recording in these MSMEs is still carried out using simple Excel, which causes various problems, such as differences in real stock and recording stock, longer recording time, and vulnerable data loss. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the recording system. This research aims to design a management information system that is informative and easily accessible, so that inventory and financial records in these MSMEs can be performed quickly and flexibly. The method used is the agile software development method, which prioritizes communication with related parties with several sprints. This method ensures that the system can be developed quickly, precisely, and in accordance with the wishes of the user. The result of this research is a system that contains product stock management pages, employee data, equipment, and business financial transactions. With CRUD (create, read, update, delete) and report printing features, users can easily change and print reports. In addition, there is an access code feature so that data security is guaranteed. With this system, it is expected that MSMEs can increase the efficiency and accuracy of inventory and financial records and support the smooth operation of the company as a whole. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 6309 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Design of a Magnetic Separator Machine for Lithium-Ion Battery Enumeration

by Yulius Tomy Wijaya, Muhammad Randi Nur Aditya, Muslim Mahardika, Budi Arifvianto, Indra Perdana, Eka Firmansyah and Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084063 - 17 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1721

Abstract

The use of lithium-ion batteries for different applications, such as electric vehicles, has increased rapidly in recent decades. Conversely, battery waste is classified as a toxic, hazardous material. In this study, we aimed to design a magnetic separator machine to assist the lithium [...] Read more.

The use of lithium-ion batteries for different applications, such as electric vehicles, has increased rapidly in recent decades. Conversely, battery waste is classified as a toxic, hazardous material. In this study, we aimed to design a magnetic separator machine to assist the lithium extraction (mining) process. The design process for this magnetic separator is carried out by calculating the strength of its components, making a 3D design, and analyzing the frame to obtain the Von Mises stress, deformation, maximum shear stress, and safety factor. In our analysis, we found that the largest Von Mises stress in the left frame is 0.872 MPa, the maximum deformation is 6.5

\times 10^{- 4}

mm, and the maximum shear stress is 0.444 MPa. In the right frame, the Von Mises stress has a maximum value of 0.867 MPa, the maximum shear stress that occurs is 0.443 MPa, and the total deformation is 6.6 ×

10^{- 4}

mm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 791 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Impact of Fe-Mg Inoculation with Nickel Addition on the Microstructure of Thin-Walled Ductile Cast Iron

by Agus Yulianto, Agus Dwi Anggono, Patna Partono and Ngafwan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084064 - 20 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2012

Abstract

High-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel and cast steel, are widely used in industrial applications. While cast steel has a lower casting ability, cast iron demonstrates a superior casting performance but suffers from structural instability in thin sections, in which its phase structure [...] Read more.

High-temperature-resistant materials, such as stainless steel and cast steel, are widely used in industrial applications. While cast steel has a lower casting ability, cast iron demonstrates a superior casting performance but suffers from structural instability in thin sections, in which its phase structure tends to shift from graphite to cementite. This limits its applicability in thin-walled components. This study aims to characterize thin-walled ductile cast iron with improved high-temperature resistance. The focus is on evaluating the effects of Fe-Mg inoculation with the addition of nickel on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material. Gray cast iron was cast and inoculated with Fe-Mg and nickel. Mold designs incorporated thickness variations of two, three, four, and five mm. Chemical composition testing was performed in the liquid state using a CE meter and in the solid state using a spectrometer, following ASTM A536 standards for ductile cast iron. A microstructural analysis was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) JEOL JSM-IT500 SEM (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and hardness was measured using the Vickers method. The results demonstrated that Fe-Mg inoculation with the nickel addition improved the microstructure and hardness of the thin-walled ductile cast iron. These enhancements contribute to increased high-temperature resistance and structural integrity, providing significant benefits for industrial casting processes. The findings have implications for improving the quality of small and medium industry (SMI) products, including the development of advanced metal molds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 2981 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experimental Analysis of Vibration Reduction of Boring Bar with Tapered Mass-Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorber (MR-DVA)

by Firsty Azzah Athifah and Wiwiek Hendrowati

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084065 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1663

Abstract

One of the machining processes that can be performed on a lathe machine is the boring process, which is used to enlarge holes in a workpiece using a cutting tool called a boring bar. During the boring process, excessive vibration or chatter occurs, [...] Read more.

One of the machining processes that can be performed on a lathe machine is the boring process, which is used to enlarge holes in a workpiece using a cutting tool called a boring bar. During the boring process, excessive vibration or chatter occurs, which can significantly degrade the surface quality of the workpiece. To reduce these vibrations, a system called the Mass-Rubber Dynamic Vibration Absorber (MR-DVA) is used. A tapered MR-DVA is used, and it is located on the cavity of the customized boring bar. The absorber mass is made of brass, and the absorber stiffness is made of natural rubber. The MR-DVA is designed with various dimension ratios: 10/21, 14/21, and 16/21. The boring bar designed consists of a regular boring bar and a customized boring bar (with MR-DVA) with a diameter of 32 mm and a length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of 7. The experiment was carried out with variations in cutting parameters such as the cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as well as the variations in the taper ratio of the MR-DVA. The experiment shows that a customized boring bar with a tapered MR-DVA can reduce vibration, and the combination of variation that is optimal to reduce vibration is a customized boring bar with a taper ratio of 14/21. With the obtained optimal parameters for reducing vibrations, the manufacturing efficiency and product quality will be enhanced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 939 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

CNN-Based Image Segmentation Approach in Brain Tumor Classification: A Review

by Nurul Huda and Ku Ruhana Ku-Mahamud

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084066 - 17 Feb 2025

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6929

Abstract

This study explores the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for brain tumor segmentation, leveraging their ability to automatically extract hierarchical features from medical images. CNN architectures like U-Net, V-Net, and ResNet have shown significant promise in brain tumor classification, offering high precision [...] Read more.

This study explores the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for brain tumor segmentation, leveraging their ability to automatically extract hierarchical features from medical images. CNN architectures like U-Net, V-Net, and ResNet have shown significant promise in brain tumor classification, offering high precision in detecting tumor boundaries and classifying tumor types. Various benchmark datasets, such as BraTS, TCIA, Harvard, and Kaggle, provide annotated MRI images to evaluate these models. Performance metrics including Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Intersection over Union, and accuracy are employed to assess the models’ effectiveness. The results demonstrate that CNN-based models, particularly U-Net, perform exceptionally well, with DSC scores exceeding 0.90 in most cases. However, challenges such as data imbalance, the need for large datasets, and high computational demands persist. Despite these limitations, CNNs, when combined with advanced techniques like transfer learning and data augmentation, offer robust solutions for brain tumor segmentation, showing promise for real-time clinical deployment. Further advancements are necessary to address generalization issues and enhance model efficiency, ensuring broader applicability in clinical settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 6054 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Statistical Approach of Additive Effect on Volumetric Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures

by Silvanus Nohan Rudrokasworo, Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo, Andri Irfan Rifai, Ahmad Septiawan, Hermon Frederik Tambunan and Riana Herlina Lumingkewas

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084067 - 18 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1533

Abstract

The use of additives in asphalt concrete has improved the performance of road pavements. Some additives include silica powder, fly ash, and crumb rubber. This study analyzed additive levels’ effect on the volumetric characteristics of asphalt mixtures using a statistical approach. This research [...] Read more.

The use of additives in asphalt concrete has improved the performance of road pavements. Some additives include silica powder, fly ash, and crumb rubber. This study analyzed additive levels’ effect on the volumetric characteristics of asphalt mixtures using a statistical approach. This research uses aggregate gradation for asphalt concrete wearing a coarse layer to determine the effect of additive content on the volumetric of hot asphalt mixtures. Asphalt modification is used with silica powder at compositions of 0%, 2%, and 6%; fly ash with 0%, 2%, and 4%; and crumb rubber with 0%, 1%, and 1.25%. Samples were made and tested according to the Marshall test procedure. The volumetric characteristics of the asphalt mixture were subjected to correlation analysis with the Pearson and Spearman rank approaches and the ANOVA test. The Pearson and Spearman rank correlation analyses showed that fly ash and silica additives were suspected of having no correlation and influence on volumetric characteristics except for crumb rubber. The ANOVA test results show that the largest volumetric characteristics are significantly influenced by the crumb rubber additive on voids in mineral aggregates. In contrast, the silica and fly ash additives affect voids in mineral aggregates and Marshall stability. The difference in silica and fly ash additive content has shown different ANOVA test results even though they have the same size and composition of the forming elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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15 pages, 5446 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of a High-Stability Boost Converter Using Supercapacitor Integration Using the Perturb and Observe Control Method for Photovoltaic Application

by Imam Hidayatulah, Darjat and Iwan Setiawan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084068 - 19 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1425

Abstract

This paper aims to demonstrate the energy efficiency improvements in a boost converter using supercapacitors and the Perturb and Observe (PO) control method, particularly in the context of photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading conditions. Supercapacitors, known for their high energy density and [...] Read more.

This paper aims to demonstrate the energy efficiency improvements in a boost converter using supercapacitors and the Perturb and Observe (PO) control method, particularly in the context of photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading conditions. Supercapacitors, known for their high energy density and rapid charge/discharge capabilities, are integrated into the boost converter circuit to mitigate voltage fluctuations and enhance energy storage efficiency. The PO control method is utilized to dynamically adjust the duty cycle of the MOSFET, ensuring the output voltage remains stable at the desired level of 70 V, with an input voltage range of 30 V to 60 V. This study employs simulation techniques to evaluate performance improvements, focusing on energy efficiency and system stability when supercapacitors are used as filtering elements alongside advanced control strategies in PV systems experiencing partial shading. Simulation results indicate a significant reduction in voltage ripple and enhanced overall system efficiency, achieving a stable output voltage of exactly 70 volts. Specifically, the efficiency of the boost converter without a supercapacitor and Zener diode is 8.36%, while the configuration with a supercapacitor and Zener diode achieves 16.09% efficiency. Most notably, the configuration with a supercapacitor and without a Zener diode achieves an efficiency of 50.29%. The findings conclude that integrating supercapacitors and the PO control method in boost converters for PV applications substantially enhances energy efficiency and system stability, even under partial shading conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 1819 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Numerical Study on the Effect of Gate Position to the Structural Integrity of Plastic Injection-Molded Biomedical Implants

by Steven Otieno, Fredrick Mwema, Edwell Mharakurwa and Abiodun Bayode

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084069 - 20 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1320

Abstract

Optimizing the injection molding process for making biomedical implants is essential to avoid defects that impact patient safety and implant performance. This study examines how different gate positions affect defect rates in injection-molded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) pedicle screws, using numerical modeling to [...] Read more.

Optimizing the injection molding process for making biomedical implants is essential to avoid defects that impact patient safety and implant performance. This study examines how different gate positions affect defect rates in injection-molded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) pedicle screws, using numerical modeling to analyze melt flow, cavity pressure, sink mark depth, warpage, and Von Mises stress across four gate configurations. The findings show that gate position significantly influences structural integrity, with strategically placed gates reducing defects by promoting uniform flow. Gate configuration 2 was optimal, yielding minimal sink depth, low warpage, and low stress, while configuration 4 was the least effective as it was associated with higher values of defect rates. Carefully selecting gate positions can enhance the quality and reliability of biomedical implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 1682 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effects of Screw Speed on Screw Pressure and Temperature: A Case of Non-Newtonian Non-Isothermal Flow

by Amos Maina, Fredrick Mwema, Abiodun Bayode and Lungile Nyanga

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084070 - 20 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2478

Abstract

This study uses ANSYS Polyflow to analyze the relationship between speed, temperature, and pressure. A wheat flour’s viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity were found to be 12,000 cps, 0.375 W/m-K, and 2190 J/kg-K, respectively. The speed was increased from 5 to 100 [...] Read more.

This study uses ANSYS Polyflow to analyze the relationship between speed, temperature, and pressure. A wheat flour’s viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity were found to be 12,000 cps, 0.375 W/m-K, and 2190 J/kg-K, respectively. The speed was increased from 5 to 100 RPM in five-step increments. The findings of pressure and temperature measurements were examined for statistical significance, as well as the link between change in screw speed and change in pressure and temperature. As the screw speed increased, so did the pressure and temperature, with a maximum of 41 bar and 372 K recorded at 100 RPM. Proper screw speed selection is critical for maintaining optimal pressure and temperature conditions in the extruder, which ensures great product quality and operating efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 4838 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multi-Class Road Marker Detection on Rainy Days Using Deep Learning Approach

by Muhammad Syazwan Bin Mohd Yusof and Hadhrami Ab Ghani

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084071 - 20 Feb 2025

Viewed by 961

Abstract

Lane detection is a critical component of autonomous driving assistance systems (ADASs), playing a pivotal role in ensuring road safety and orderly vehicle movement. In regions like Southeast Asia, characterized by high rainfall, the challenge of detecting lane markers is exacerbated by blurred [...] Read more.

Lane detection is a critical component of autonomous driving assistance systems (ADASs), playing a pivotal role in ensuring road safety and orderly vehicle movement. In regions like Southeast Asia, characterized by high rainfall, the challenge of detecting lane markers is exacerbated by blurred markings and road surface issues such as potholes. This research addresses the problem of multi-class lane marker detection under rainy conditions, essential for ADASs to maintain safe and compliant vehicle operations. Using a deep learning approach, the proposed model was trained and tested on the Berkeley Video Dataset, incorporating various weather conditions, including rain. The methodology included 150 training epochs executed through Roboflow, with results visualized on the Wandb platform. The model successfully identified five classes of lane markers, namely dashed, single lane, double lane, none, and zebra crossings, demonstrating robust performance in challenging conditions. Evaluation metrics, including train/box_loss and train/cls_loss, showcased significant improvements, with both loss metrics stabilizing below 1.0 after training, indicating accurate bounding box predictions and classification. The findings support advancements in ADASs, enhancing road safety and fostering a more secure and orderly traffic environment during adverse weather. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 9944 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Improvements to Visual Design on the Online News Portal ABC.com by Employing Usability and Eye Tracking Methods

by Rahmat Budi Soedirdjo, Argo Hadi Kusumo and Markus Hartono

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084072 - 18 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1889

Abstract

This study aims to enhance the visual design of ABC.com, a leading Indonesian online news portal, by using usability and eye-tracking methods. As news media transitions from print to digital, maintaining an optimal user experience is crucial. This study addresses design deficiencies on [...] Read more.

This study aims to enhance the visual design of ABC.com, a leading Indonesian online news portal, by using usability and eye-tracking methods. As news media transitions from print to digital, maintaining an optimal user experience is crucial. This study addresses design deficiencies on ABC.com, particularly related to news accessibility, search functionality, and the impact of advertisements. This research employs questionnaires and eye-tracking technology to identify user behavior and validate the findings. Key usability aspects, such as content accessibility, error prevention, and visual appeal, are analyzed to improve the website’s layout. The eye-tracking results reveal that users focus mainly on the center of the screen, often missing critical elements like the latest news and the search engine. This study proposes enhancements in typography, contrast, and page layout, based on the identified needs. The final design of ABC.com improved by enhancing efficiency, clarity, aesthetics, readability, and user comfort. The redesign showed mean improvements of 0.16, 0.41, 0.65, 0.32, and 0.54 in these criteria, respectively, indicating a notable enhancement in usability. This study’s findings offer a practical guideline that can be directly applied to enhance similar online news platforms in Indonesia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 1941 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigation of Thickness Effects on Cooling Rate and Hardness of Gray Cast Iron in Metal and Sand Molds

by Agus Yulianto, Agus Dwi Anggono, Patna Partono and Ngafwan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084073 - 26 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2117

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of casting thickness on the cooling rate of gray cast iron using metal molds and compares it to the cooling rate achieved with traditional sand molds. Sand molds represent the oldest and most widely used method in metal [...] Read more.

This study investigates the influence of casting thickness on the cooling rate of gray cast iron using metal molds and compares it to the cooling rate achieved with traditional sand molds. Sand molds represent the oldest and most widely used method in metal casting, while metal molds are a relatively newer application for gray cast iron. The cooling rates during solidification were monitored using thermocouples connected to a data logger. The smelting of gray cast iron was performed in an induction furnace, with some samples inoculated using FeSi and FeMn additions, while others were cast without inoculation. This study analyzed the chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, and surface morphology of gray cast iron through SEM-EDS for both inoculated and non-inoculated samples. The results indicate that FeSi and FeMn inoculation enhanced the carbon content of the cast iron. Additionally, while the differences in cooling rate due to the casting thickness in permanent metal molds were not substantial, a distinct pattern emerged. The mid-thickness regions exhibited the highest cooling rates, which influenced the hardness distribution across the castings. This research highlights the nuanced effect of the mold type and casting thickness on the cooling dynamics and mechanical properties of gray cast iron. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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13 pages, 1191 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Risk of Implementing Green Retrofitting in High-Rise Buildings Based on Work Breakdown Structures to Improve Quality of Resource Planning and Cost Accuracy

by Bernadette Detty Kussumardianadewi, Yusuf Latief, Ayomi Dita Rarasati, Muhammad Arkan Akhyari and Muhammad Faizurrahman

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084074 - 28 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1823

Abstract

The building sector accounts for more than one-third of final energy consumption worldwide. Green retrofitting, which is part of the green building activities, is one of the main factors in achieving the target of zero carbon emissions by 2060. Green retrofitting is a [...] Read more.

The building sector accounts for more than one-third of final energy consumption worldwide. Green retrofitting, which is part of the green building activities, is one of the main factors in achieving the target of zero carbon emissions by 2060. Green retrofitting is a viable way to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption. The risks in green retrofitting work activities have not been studied much, even though the risks in green retrofitting projects are likely to be greater and more complex than the risks in conventional projects. This is reflected in the small application of customization in developing countries, one of which is Indonesia. Through the calculation of the risk matrix between probability and impact, a high risk was obtained from the relationship between risk and correlated resources, and it had a positive impact on the work breakdown structure (WBS). The results obtained show that complexity factors consisting of labor, materials, equipment, work activities, work methods, and scope/work package affect the success of the project, then the risk handling strategy that needs to be implemented is to set the right priorities. A focused project team allocates resources wisely. Knowing the probability of events and impacts arising from the non-implementation of the WBS, we identified sources of risk factors and high risk in the implementation of green retrofitting work based on the WBS based on the Greenship Existing Building Rating Tools and PUPR RI Regulation Number 21 of 2021 applicable in Indonesia, its effect on resource planning, and cost accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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15 pages, 3319 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Bibliometric Analysis of International Structural Engineering Standards Using VOS Viewer

by Andri Irfan Rifai, Darius Angtony, Ade Jaya Saputra and Joewono Prasetijo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084075 - 28 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2286

Abstract

This study aims to conduct bibliometric analysis based on the keyword data mapping process. Using Publish or Perish Harzing 8, a total of 1000 studies from the year 2000 to 2023 were gathered. These are subsequently reduced to 561 studies due to their [...] Read more.

This study aims to conduct bibliometric analysis based on the keyword data mapping process. Using Publish or Perish Harzing 8, a total of 1000 studies from the year 2000 to 2023 were gathered. These are subsequently reduced to 561 studies due to their relevance to the study’s topic. Documents are obtained as journal articles, books, datasets, reports, components, monographs, and references formatted in RIS data. The network and density of the keywords are visualized using VOS Viewer. The outcome indicates that “standards” and “structure” are still trending topics in global discourse. Studies on these keywords have also grown for the last couple of years, with 2019 being the peak, with 55 studies issued. From a total of 561 studies, North America is at the top, with 164 studies; Asia and Europe are second and third, with 112 and 95 studies, respectively; and Africa and Oceania are last, with 11 and 10 studies, respectively. Therefore, this review can serve as a reference point for additional studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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13 pages, 4228 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Chemical Modification with Alkalinization and Acetylation of Ramie Fibers for Eco-Friendly 3D Printing Filaments: Effects on Crystallinity, Structure, and Hydrophobicity

by Muhammad Nurhidayatur Rozikin, Putu Suwarta and Sutikno Sutikno

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084076 - 28 Feb 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1788

Abstract

Rapid prototyping, particularly in 3D printing, has highlighted the potential of ramie fiber as a reinforcing material for filaments. However, ramie’s high hydrophilicity limits its compatibility. Chemical treatments such as NaOH alkalization and CH₃COOH acetylation improve its mechanical and hydrophobic properties. [...] Read more.

Rapid prototyping, particularly in 3D printing, has highlighted the potential of ramie fiber as a reinforcing material for filaments. However, ramie’s high hydrophilicity limits its compatibility. Chemical treatments such as NaOH alkalization and CH₃COOH acetylation improve its mechanical and hydrophobic properties. FTIR analysis confirmed successful modifications, showing reduced -OH groups and the formation of carbonyl bands, enhancing hydrophobicity. Delignification reduces lignin while preserving cellulose structure. These modifications improve ramie fiber compatibility with polymer matrices, making it suitable for eco-friendly 3D printing filaments with enhanced mechanical and hydrophobic properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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6 pages, 1312 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Effect of Heat Dissipation by a Concrete Roof and Gypsum Ceiling on the Room Temperature Inside the House

by Budi Priyanto, Nurul Hidayati, Indrawati and Kusnanto Mukti Wibowo

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084077 - 17 Mar 2025

Viewed by 2661

Abstract

The room temperature that suits the needs will create a comfortable working environment for the occupants. However, an increase in the temperature outside can increase the temperature in the room. Control of heat spread from outside to inside is needed to keep the [...] Read more.

The room temperature that suits the needs will create a comfortable working environment for the occupants. However, an increase in the temperature outside can increase the temperature in the room. Control of heat spread from outside to inside is needed to keep the room temperature stable and avoid significant temperature rises. This study aims to examine the heat dissipation due to the concrete roof and the presence of a gypsum ceiling, and its effect on the temperature of the room below. Methods are applied to this study by making observations to obtain research data. The results showed that heat dissipation by the concrete roof had reduced the indoor temperature to as low as 0.180 °C. The addition of gypsum ceiling under the concrete slab roof at 50 cm has reduced the room temperature by 1.79 °C from the temperature above the roof. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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13 pages, 11693 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Preliminary Study for Isometric, Isotonic, and Isokinetic Relationships in Vertical Drop Jumps at Heights on the Beam

by Lobes Herdiman and Hendrawan Candra Purnama

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084078 - 18 Mar 2025

Viewed by 3787

Abstract

Muscle cramps often accompany a soldier’s high physical readiness in a tactical environment. Close monitoring of the muscles is required during the downward jump training at a certain height, which combines isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic movements. In this paper, we propose a preliminary [...] Read more.

Muscle cramps often accompany a soldier’s high physical readiness in a tactical environment. Close monitoring of the muscles is required during the downward jump training at a certain height, which combines isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic movements. In this paper, we propose a preliminary study on vertical jumps and forward and backward body postures to detect the onset of cramps. Six soldiers were divided into two groups of three subjects each: group one, forward fall jumps, and the other group, backward fall jumps. A high-resolution camera captured the movements, which were then analyzed using Kinovea software version 0.9.5. Downward jumps with the body backward are less likely to cause cramps, and muscle bands are recommended to prevent leg muscle cramps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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17 pages, 4053 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Worker Posture on the Crosscut Machine Using the RULA Method in the Raw Material Division at CV. Valasindo Sentra Usaha

by Indah Pratiwi and Rofi Fuad Romadhoni

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084079 - 18 Mar 2025

Viewed by 2054

Abstract

CV. Valasindo Sentra Usaha (VSU) is a garden furniture manufacturing company with a raw material division that has the highest number of workers and machines. The crosscut machine operators in this division reported pain in the arms, shoulders, waist, and back based on [...] Read more.

CV. Valasindo Sentra Usaha (VSU) is a garden furniture manufacturing company with a raw material division that has the highest number of workers and machines. The crosscut machine operators in this division reported pain in the arms, shoulders, waist, and back based on observations using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire. This study aims to analyze the ergonomics of the crosscut machine operators’ body posture using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method. The analysis results showed that posture 1 had a RULA score of 6, posture 2 scored 5, and posture 3 scored 6, indicating a high ergonomic risk. Proposed improvements, such as redesigning the work desk, ergonomic chairs, and footrests, successfully reduced the RULA score to 3, showing significant improvement in the operators’ body posture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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10 pages, 2617 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Ammonia Release from Storage Tanks Using RISKCURVES Software

by Alimatun Nashira, Anindita Putri Nugrahani, Anisa Ur Rahmah and Teguh Cahyono

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084080 - 21 Mar 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4981

Abstract

Ammonia is a gas with high toxicity, which is produced in large amounts as raw materials for nitrogen-based fertilizer. Fertilizer plants in Indonesia are sometimes located not far from residential areas, requiring risk assessment for the loss of containment (LoC) event of ammonia. [...] Read more.

Ammonia is a gas with high toxicity, which is produced in large amounts as raw materials for nitrogen-based fertilizer. Fertilizer plants in Indonesia are sometimes located not far from residential areas, requiring risk assessment for the loss of containment (LoC) event of ammonia. Many studies have modeled ammonia release using ALOHA software but stopped the calculation at the consequence modeling and did not evaluate the risk quantitatively. In this study, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was conducted for the LoC of ammonia from the storage tank at PT X, a fertilizer industry in Indonesia, using RISKCURVES software. The scenario and their frequency were chosen based on the Netherlands QRA guidelines. The simulation shows five types of phenomena happening, with toxic dispersion being the most dangerous. Atmospheric conditions influence the toxic dispersion but barely affect the fire and explosion phenomena. Despite the severity of the toxic dispersion, the individual risk calculation shows that the risk in the fertilizer plant area is still acceptable based on the standard of UK HSE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 5199 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Monitoring and Control of Nutrient Feed and Environmental Condition of Hydroponic Vegetable Plants

by Nur Rohman and Fajar Suryawan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084081 - 21 Mar 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1972

Abstract

The expansion of residential zones and a surge in agricultural land evictions to make room for building construction, offices, and shopping centers are on the rise. As farmland shrinks, one mitigation strategy involves exploring alternative planting methods, like hydroponics. Hydroponic growing media eliminate [...] Read more.

The expansion of residential zones and a surge in agricultural land evictions to make room for building construction, offices, and shopping centers are on the rise. As farmland shrinks, one mitigation strategy involves exploring alternative planting methods, like hydroponics. Hydroponic growing media eliminate the necessity for soil as the primary medium for plant growth. Hydroponic farming relies on high-quality water nutrients to sustain fertility. Therefore, monitoring and controlling water quality continuously is crucial, ideally in real-time and through automated processes whenever feasible. This study advances automatic water quality control by employing an Arduino Mega microcontroller alongside a range of sensors. The displayed data represent measurements taken by the sensor, which will subsequently inform actuator control commands. The processed data will also be transmitted to the Wi-Fi module (and sent to a smartphone device) for monitoring purposes. Testing includes response-time tests for each sensor, disturbance test, and field test. The system performed the automation process as intended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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14 pages, 4231 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Waste Detection and Classification Utilizing YOLOv8 and CNN

by Ain Atiqa Mustapha, Sarah ‘Atifah Saruchi, Heru Supriyono and Mahmud Iwan Solihin

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084082 - 26 Mar 2025

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5790

Abstract

This research presents a new hybrid deep-learning model for object identification and classification. The model combines the excellent classification performance of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the strong detection capabilities of YOLOv8. The suggested approach generates bounding boxes that indicate probable objects, [...] Read more.

This research presents a new hybrid deep-learning model for object identification and classification. The model combines the excellent classification performance of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the strong detection capabilities of YOLOv8. The suggested approach generates bounding boxes that indicate probable objects, using YOLOv8 for initial object localization. Subsequently, CNN further enhances these detections by categorizing the recognized items into compost and non-compost. This dual-phase technique enhances detection accuracy and classification precision, successfully tackling common obstacles encountered in real-world visual identification tasks, such as intricate backgrounds and diverse item sizes. The effectiveness of the hybrid model is evaluated using a specialized dataset related to waste recycling, which demonstrates significant improvements compared to individual models. The findings indicate that the hybrid YOLOv8 and CNN model attains an F1 score of 0.86, precision of 0.85, recall of 0.87, and accuracy of 0.88, surpassing the performance of both YOLOv8 and CNN models. The findings indicate that this comprehensive method provides a hopeful resolution for tasks that require the precise and effective identification of objects, thereby making it a valuable addition to computer vision and deep learning. The research analyses the model’s structure, the training process, and the experimental outcomes, highlighting the advantages of combining YOLOv8 and CNN approaches to enhance the overall performance in tasks related to object recognition and classification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 916 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Consumer Intentions to Purchase Eco-Friendly Halal Food in Medan, Indonesia: An Approach Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

by Ahmad Shalihin, Tania Alda, Chindy Elsanna Revadi and Fadylla Ramadhani Putri Nasution

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084083 - 26 Mar 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3280

Abstract

Food and beverage products globally have experienced significant growth in line with increasing consumer demand, especially among Muslim consumers. However, the lack of robust halal governance frameworks and the deliberate adulteration of halal food products with non-halal ingredients have raised concerns among Muslim [...] Read more.

Food and beverage products globally have experienced significant growth in line with increasing consumer demand, especially among Muslim consumers. However, the lack of robust halal governance frameworks and the deliberate adulteration of halal food products with non-halal ingredients have raised concerns among Muslim consumers. This study aimed to investigate the triggering variables that impact the intention to purchase eco-friendly halal food, particularly among college students in Medan, Indonesia. Surveys and interviews were used to collect data on college students’ awareness, perceived costs of products, availability of alternative options, peer influence, cultural beliefs, and personal preferences. The findings revealed a general understanding of halal food but a lack of understanding of halal requirements. Peer groups, cultural beliefs, and personal preferences affected college students’ willingness to buy. The inconsistencies in the findings were related to the influence of students’ understanding of halal products when intending to buy eco-friendly halal products. This study proposes strategies to positively influence consumer behavior, particularly among college students in Medan, Indonesia, regarding halal food, which ultimately encourages its consumption and fosters a more informed and culturally diverse campus community. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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14 pages, 8023 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Placemaking Design of City Boundary Monument in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia

by Nur Rahmawati Syamsiyah and Yudha Manggala Putra

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084084 - 24 Mar 2025

Viewed by 3776

Abstract

In early 2023, Surakarta City launched the 17 Priority Development Points program to improve the image of Surakarta City. Development was carried out at several strategic points, such as repairing road corridors and city boundary monuments. One of the boundary monuments built was [...] Read more.

In early 2023, Surakarta City launched the 17 Priority Development Points program to improve the image of Surakarta City. Development was carried out at several strategic points, such as repairing road corridors and city boundary monuments. One of the boundary monuments built was in Mojosongo, Surakarta. This study aims to analyze the placemaking of boundary monument design, which can introduce the local area to visitors who will enter Surakarta via the Mojosongo route. A quantitative descriptive method assessed the design based on the established parameters. The results of the study found that 82.69% of the monument designs in Mojosongo had implemented placemaking. This value indicates that it is necessary to improve the design of the city boundary monument to improve people’s perceptions of the image, history, and culture of the area. The findings of this placemaking analysis can be used to revise the design of the city boundary monument, if possible, or to make corrections to inform the Surakarta city government, so that the city border monument can be best built to meet the demands of the community and to ensure that the city boundary monument functions optimally. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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12 pages, 1280 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Risk Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in Workers Handling LPG Gas Cylinders Manually Using the NIOSH Multi-Task Method

by Etika Muslimah, Nugraeni Dwi Hapsari, Muchlison Anis, Much Djunaidi, Fatiha Widiyanti, Melisa Febriani, Siti Nandhiroh, Munajat Tri Nugroho and Dinda Safitri Ramadhani

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084085 - 18 Mar 2025

Viewed by 3111

Abstract

The activity of moving LPG gas cylinders at PT XYZ is carried out manually The unloading of 3 kg LPG gas cylinders from the truck to the floor occurs repeatedly. Workers must bend down when moving the cylinder, and a twisting body, so [...] Read more.

The activity of moving LPG gas cylinders at PT XYZ is carried out manually The unloading of 3 kg LPG gas cylinders from the truck to the floor occurs repeatedly. Workers must bend down when moving the cylinder, and a twisting body, so it can cause injuries such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This activity involved four workers, but those observed were workers 2 and 4 who were tasked with unloading gas cylinders from the truck. This research aims to analyze the MSDs of worker complaints using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire, determine the level of risk using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Multi-Task Method, and provide suggestions for improvement. The research results show that the NBM values for workers 2 and 4 are 59 and 61, respectively, in the medium category, which means they require immediate corrective action. Meanwhile, in the CLI (Composite Lifting Index) origin for the second worker, all gas cylinder stacks are >3, whereas in the CLI destination, all stacks are >2. During the CLI origin and destination of the fourth worker, all stacks have a value of >3, which means the risk of injury is high..Recommendations for improvement are given by reducing the horizontal lifting distance, reducing asymmetrical angles, and using material handling equipment such as the hand trolley. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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16 pages, 3379 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multi-Scale Modeling of Polymeric Metamaterials: Bridging Design and Performance—A Review

by Siti Nur Sakinah Jamaludin, Nik Mohd Izual Nik Ibrahim, Mohd Zaidi Azir, Noor Mazni Ismail and Shahnor Basri

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084086 - 7 Apr 2025

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3881

Abstract

Polymers, as metamaterials, represent an emerging area of research, where designed microstructural geometries lead to the competitively superior mechanical properties in these materials. Such materials are quite broadly used in energy absorption, impact protection, and biomedical systems. Polymeric metamaterials improve energy absorption and [...] Read more.

Polymers, as metamaterials, represent an emerging area of research, where designed microstructural geometries lead to the competitively superior mechanical properties in these materials. Such materials are quite broadly used in energy absorption, impact protection, and biomedical systems. Polymeric metamaterials improve energy absorption and impact protection compared to traditional materials by leveraging their engineered microstructural geometries, which enhance their ability to dissipate energy and withstand impacts more effectively. However, for them to perform optimally, the relations between their micro and macro geometrical configurations need to be clearly understood. This paper reviews the significance of multi-scale modeling as one of the effective approaches for linking these differences. Considering the most recent developments in all these methods, including polymeric electronic materials at the microscale, mesoscale cellular structure, and at macroscale computational engineering, this paper underscores the holistic cross-fertilization of these methods. Some of their prominent uses include different engineering applications, such as structures for impact attenuation and load-carrying systems, demonstrating multi-scale procedures as promising tools to solve engineering problems. However, issues such as technical difficulties and the integration of experimental data within nonlinear and time-dependent considerations lead to challenges in the modeling of polymeric metamaterials. This review concludes with the identification of new trends such as the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) within modeling processes, as well as sustainability aspects which help to overcome existing constraints while allowing for great development opportunities. Along with the information of core research questions and gaps, this paper seeks to provide a systematic framework of technologies and applications that can be the basis for future research and development of polymeric metamaterials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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16 pages, 2852 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Interactive Learning: Trends, Challenges, Opportunities

by Teguh Hidayat Iskandar Alam and Ika Safitri Windiarti

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084087 - 8 Apr 2025

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6370

Abstract

This study explores how artificial intelligence (AI) will evolve and impact interactive learning models in the next two decades. Using a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the study analyzes articles published in the last five years to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities [...] Read more.

This study explores how artificial intelligence (AI) will evolve and impact interactive learning models in the next two decades. Using a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the study analyzes articles published in the last five years to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities for AI applications in education. The results show that AI has the potential to create adaptive, personalized, and immersive learning systems, while supporting the development of a more inclusive and multidisciplinary education ecosystem. The findings also show how AI can synergize with technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), and contribute to sustainability, decision-making, and professional education. In addition, the study identifies the social, economic, and cultural impacts of AI adoption, and provides recommendations to mitigate challenges, such as data privacy and technology access. By providing new insights into future trends in AI in education, this study offers a basis for developing innovative and sustainable education policies and practices to meet global needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 3848 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Human Factors in Bus Accidents: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Eva Nursifa Fauziah Suwandi, Bambang Suhardi and Etika Muslimah

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084088 - 21 Apr 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1560

Abstract

This study examines human factors in bus accidents using bibliometric analysis to identify publications, research trends, and collaborative relationships between authors and institutions. Data from 1.834 publications in the Scopus database during the period 2014–2024 were analyzed using VOS viewer software to display [...] Read more.

This study examines human factors in bus accidents using bibliometric analysis to identify publications, research trends, and collaborative relationships between authors and institutions. Data from 1.834 publications in the Scopus database during the period 2014–2024 were analyzed using VOS viewer software to display network visualization and density. The results show a significant increase in publications since 2018, with a peak in 2022. Research related to human factors in bus accidents is growing, with a focus on fatigue, distraction, and driver behavior. The keyword and density analysis identified that “Human” was the most frequently discussed topic. China is the country with the highest contribution, and the medical field plays a major role in this topic. These findings highlight the importance of understanding human factors in efforts to improve transportation safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 1090 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization Aluminum Spot Welding with Mesh Variations of Copper Powder Added on 40, 50, and 60 Meshing

by Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro and Patna Partono

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084089 - 22 Apr 2025

Viewed by 802

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of adding copper powder with different mesh sizes on the welding point, as well as the resulting tensile strength, micro photo and hardness. The raw material of this research is aluminum type 1100. The tests included [...] Read more.

This study aims to determine the effect of adding copper powder with different mesh sizes on the welding point, as well as the resulting tensile strength, micro photo and hardness. The raw material of this research is aluminum type 1100. The tests included tensile strength tests (ASME QW-4629 standard), micro photo tests with a metallographic microscope, and Vickers tests (AWS D8.9-97 standard). The results of the tensile strength test rank mesh 40 (556.38), mesh 50 (739.13) and mesh 60 (1316.10) in descending order of tensile strength. The highest value of hardness is in the fusion zone (nugget). The last heat affected zone is in the base metal area and the order of hardness is, in descending order, mesh size 60, 50, and lastly, 40. For micro images, all of the results obtained are the same because they use the same material. The widest melted area in the welding area is on the 60 mesh and it decreases proportionally with the larger meshes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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7 pages, 1581 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Live Flood Detection System: FloodWatch

by Khairun Nidzam Ramli, Mohd Noh Dalimin, Shipun Anuar Hamzah, Mohamad Md Som, Mohd Shamian Zainal, Mohd Hamim Sanusi@Ikhsan, Azli Yusop, Wahyu Mulyo Utomo, Azmi Sidek, Maizul Ishak, Nor Azizi Yusoff and Muladi Muladi

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084090 - 22 Apr 2025

Viewed by 3143

Abstract

Flood incidents occur annually in Taman Negara Endau Rompin Selai Bekok due to continuous substantial rains during the rainy period. The absence of a structured flood tracking and detection system limits effective information dissemination regarding flooding to the public; currently, visitors are only [...] Read more.

Flood incidents occur annually in Taman Negara Endau Rompin Selai Bekok due to continuous substantial rains during the rainy period. The absence of a structured flood tracking and detection system limits effective information dissemination regarding flooding to the public; currently, visitors are only informed at office counters. This inefficient conventional method should be upgraded to a real time flood monitoring and alert system utilizing Internet of things (IoT) technology. UTHM personnel have requested the development of an easily accessible flood detection system via tablets or smartphones to efficiently relay flood information to visitors. Consequently, a flood detection system called “Floodwatch” was developed. The prototype provides live water level readings, air temperature, humidity, and flood images to users. The prototype has undergone rigorous testing to ensure stability, consistency, and accuracy, enabling its effective utilization. The Floodwatch system aims to enhance safety and awareness during flood events in the Taman Negara Endau Rompin Selai Bekok area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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18 pages, 6187 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Using Cube Coarse Aggregate to Determine the Compressive Strength of Concrete by Measuring Packing Density and Using Indian Standard and ACI Methods with Variations of Testing Age and Cement Products

by Trinugroho Suhendro and Ryan Adi Nugroho

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084091 - 25 Apr 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2122

Abstract

One of the ingredients that make up concrete is coarse aggregate. The coarse aggregate used is generally in a non-uniform shape (a mixture of cubic, oval or flat, or neither oval nor flat). This research uses coarse aggregate in the form of cubes [...] Read more.

One of the ingredients that make up concrete is coarse aggregate. The coarse aggregate used is generally in a non-uniform shape (a mixture of cubic, oval or flat, or neither oval nor flat). This research uses coarse aggregate in the form of cubes only and in the form of a mixture, with the aim of determining the compressive strength of concrete using the Indian standard mixture design method and the ACI method. The materials used are cement obtained on the market with various types of PPC, OPC and PCC, fine aggregate (from Muntilan, Yogya, Indonesia) and local coarse aggregate (from Jumantono, Karanganyar, Indonesia), specifically coarse aggregate in the form of cubes and mixtures. The shape of the test objects is cylindrical, and the testing age of the test objects is 7 and 14 days with a design concrete compressive strength of 35 MPa. The highest compressive strength results were obtained for the following type of cement variation: PPC = 14.21 MPa (7 days) and 16.62 MPa (14 days). The lowest compressive strength results for the PCC cement variation were 7.45 MPa (7 days) and 8.75 MPa (14 days). Meanwhile, the compressive strength value of concrete using the ACI method obtained the highest compressive strength results for the PPC cement variation of 20.11 MPa (7 days) and 33.74 (14 days), and the lowest concrete compressive strength for the PCC cement variation was 11.96 MPa (7 days) and 15.26 MPa (14 days). Also, from the research results, the highest packing density value obtained in the CA and FA mixture aggregate test was 0.751 g/cm³, in the proportion CA3/8″:CA3/16″:FA = 12%:28%:60%. It is known that the use of PPC cement can produce the highest compressive strength values compared to using PCC and OPC cement, which shows that even when the same form of coarse aggregate and the same design concrete quality are used, variations in cement can affect the high compressive strength of the concrete. The use of coarse aggregate in the form of cubes produces higher aggregate packing density and compressive strength of concrete compared to using coarse aggregate in mixed forms (cubes, flat and oval). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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18 pages, 9589 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparative Review of Rotary Friction Welding Between Aluminium and Copper Alloys for Enhanced Joint Strength

by Riyan Ariyansah, Aditya Rio Prabowo, Nurul Muhayat, Bagus Anang Nugroho and Triyono Triyono

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084092 - 6 May 2025

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4173

Abstract

This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of friction stir welding on aluminium and copper alloys with the aim of improving the strength of the resulting joints. The rotary friction stir welding method was chosen for its ability to produce high-quality joints with [...] Read more.

This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of friction stir welding on aluminium and copper alloys with the aim of improving the strength of the resulting joints. The rotary friction stir welding method was chosen for its ability to produce high-quality joints with minimal deformation. This study explores various welding parameters, such as rotating speed, welding speed, and tool design, and their impact on the mechanical properties of the joint, including tensile strength, hardness, and microstructure of the weld region. The findings show that the optimum parameters for aluminium and copper alloys differ significantly: the tensile strength of aluminium is around 240 MPa, while copper joints require careful adjustment to avoid defects, reaching around 220 MPa. Aluminium showed improved joint strength with higher rotating speed and welding speed parameters, while copper required more precise parameter adjustments to prevent cracking and other defects. The results of this study provide practical guidance for selecting appropriate rotary friction welding parameters to optimize joint strength in aluminium and copper alloys, which can enhance the application of these materials in industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 4140 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experiment and Simulation-Based Study of Energy Efficiency of Green Façade Retrofit of Existing Buildings in Rural Northern China

by Sun Qi, Nangkula Utaberta and Allen Lau Khin Kiet

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084093 - 6 May 2025

Viewed by 1703

Abstract

As China’s urbanisation continues, the building area is expanding, of which the occupancy of rural residential buildings is also very large. However, most rural dwellings lack insulating structures and have poor thermal performance. This paper verifies and analyses the energy-saving potential of green [...] Read more.

As China’s urbanisation continues, the building area is expanding, of which the occupancy of rural residential buildings is also very large. However, most rural dwellings lack insulating structures and have poor thermal performance. This paper verifies and analyses the energy-saving potential of green façades for rural houses in northern China through comparative experiments as well as software simulations. The experiments were conducted from July to August 2024 to verify the reliability of the software simulations. And the simulation was carried out on an existing house in rural northern China. The experimental results show that the reference room consumes 1.84 times more electricity than the vertical greenery room, and the vertical greenery achieves a good energy saving of 45.75%. According to the simulated data, the building energy efficiency of rural houses in northern China after green façade retrofitting is obvious, the energy-saving rate reaches 14.94%, and 713.32 KWh of electricity can be saved in the whole cooling period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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11 pages, 2386 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation and Reliability of CHIRPS Satellite Rainfall Products Against Station Rainfall Data in the Siwaluh Basin

by Oktavia Kurnianingsih, Rr Rintis Hadiani, Bambang Setiawan and Sobriyah

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084094 - 19 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2889

Abstract

The characteristics of rainfall in the Siwaluh river basin are poorly understood due to a lack of data. Many rainfall data are missing and many rain gauge posts are damaged. The availability of rainfall data is necessary for the planning and management of [...] Read more.

The characteristics of rainfall in the Siwaluh river basin are poorly understood due to a lack of data. Many rainfall data are missing and many rain gauge posts are damaged. The availability of rainfall data is necessary for the planning and management of water resources. Technological advances can utilize satellite-derived rainfall products. These offer an alternative for areas where data are limited. However, the use of satellite data must be validated with field data. Statistical analyses used for calibration and validation involve linear regression. Validation with evaluation statistics measures how good the model is. The required data is rainfall for 20 years. This study evaluates data from the Climate Hazard Group InfraRed precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS) satellite with rainfall station data. Satellite rainfall data were compared with three field rainfall stations. This coding was used for one Siwaluh watershed. The results show that the calibration of CHIPRS satellite data produced a correction factor in the form of a linear regression equation. The validation stage corrected the values of NSE = 0.8, RSR = 0.5, and KR = 3.95% and gave an interpretation of a very good value. This research shows that the CHRIPS data are consistent with the rain station data. These findings provide the potential for satellite data to be used to assist decision-making in areas where rainfall data are limited. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 1140 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Impact of Graphite on Aluminum Alloy 6061: Insights into Mechanical and Tribological Behavior Through Hot Press Forging

by Darvinraj Ravi, Mohammad Sukri Mustapa, Mohd Rasidi Ibrahim, Yusri Yusof, Md Saidin Wahab, Djamal Hissein Didane, Waluyo Adi Siswanto, Sarjito Sarjito, Bagus Wahyudi and Andoko Andoko

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084095 - 21 Mar 2025

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Abstract

This study investigates the effects of graphite particle reinforcement on the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum alloy AA6061 composites produced via hot press forging (HPF), a direct recycling method for aluminum chips. Graphite content varied from 2.5% to 12.5%, with the Al6061-7.5%Gr [...] Read more.

This study investigates the effects of graphite particle reinforcement on the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum alloy AA6061 composites produced via hot press forging (HPF), a direct recycling method for aluminum chips. Graphite content varied from 2.5% to 12.5%, with the Al6061-7.5%Gr composite achieving the highest tensile strength (102.36 MPa) and yield strength (87.07 MPa). Hardness peaked at 24.73 HV with 5% graphite. Tribological tests showed improved wear resistance at higher graphite levels, with the Al6061-12.5%Gr composite exhibiting the lowest wear rate (0.00033 mm³/N·m). These findings highlight HPF’s potential for sustainable fabrication of high-performance aluminum composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 650 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Root Cause Analysis of Oil Losses in Press Machines Using Fault Tree Analysis Method

by Nismah Panjaitan, Juni Arta Lubis, Niken Kristin Silitonga and Muhammad Zaky Faris

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084096 - 12 Jun 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3208

Abstract

A palm oil company based in Bangka is actively expanding its operations in the palm oil processing industry. The company specializes in producing crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel, with its production process encompassing five key stages: weighing, sterilization, threshing, pressing, and [...] Read more.

A palm oil company based in Bangka is actively expanding its operations in the palm oil processing industry. The company specializes in producing crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel, with its production process encompassing five key stages: weighing, sterilization, threshing, pressing, and clarification. Oil loss, especially at the pressing station, is one of the company’s biggest problems. Nuts, fibers, empty bunches, and effluent are some of the sources of oil loss in CPO production. Since extreme losses that exceed set norms can cause serious inefficiencies and financial repercussions, it is imperative that the organization identifies and mitigates the underlying causes of oil loss. One option that the business could use is the fault tree analysis (FTA) method, which offers a methodical way to pinpoint the root causes of production inefficiencies to solve this problem. According to current assessments, empty bunches caused the largest average oil loss over a one-month period, with a loss rate of 0.11%. Oil loss at the pressing station is caused by a number of factors, such as inadequate maintenance practices, non-compliance with established work procedures, suboptimal ripeness levels of harvested palm fruit, and operator neglect in maintaining optimal machine pressure in accordance with company standards. To reduce oil loss in the production process and increase efficiency, these concerns need to be addressed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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8 pages, 1871 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Numerical Simulation for Dual Solid Particle Separation Using Fluidized Bed

by Muhammad Lutfil Amin and Nur Ikhwan

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084097 - 17 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Particle separation is a common process in various industries, particularly in mineral processing. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the performance of separation method using fluidized bed. The evaluation was performed using silica gel particle with diameters of 0.9 and 3 mm, including [...] Read more.

Particle separation is a common process in various industries, particularly in mineral processing. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the performance of separation method using fluidized bed. The evaluation was performed using silica gel particle with diameters of 0.9 and 3 mm, including diesel fuel as fuel. This simulation was carried out to obtain the optimum separation of small-sized particle (0.9 mm) based on variations in fluid velocity (0.034, 0.068, and 0.102 m/s), outlet height (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m), and time. Optimum separation, defined by maximum separation efficiency (99%) in minimum time for separation, was determined using Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics software (CPFD VR 17.4.0). Separation efficiency of simulation results was validated by experimental research The results showed that, at velocity of 0.034 m/s, big particle could be partially separated at an outlet height of 0.9 m. At velocity of 0.068 m/s, small particle was separated at an outlet height of 0.6 m for 220 s, and big particle at 0.9, with a time longer than 300 s. Based on these results, optimum condition was obtained at velocity of 0.102 m/s, where small and big particle was separated at a time of 100 s, with output heights of 0.9 and 0.6 m, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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9 pages, 475 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quality Analysis of Crude Palm Oil Using Free Fatty Acid Content Parameters with Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

by Nismah Panjaitan, Muhammad Zaky Faris, Juni Arta Lubis and Niken Kristin Silitonga

Eng. Proc. 2025, 84(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025084098 - 18 Jun 2025

Viewed by 4334

Abstract

Competition in the industry forces palm oil producers to keep raising the caliber of their output. One of the businesses involved in the Crude Palm Oil sector is PT. XYZ. The quality of the CPO that PT. XYZ produces is a top priority. [...] Read more.

Competition in the industry forces palm oil producers to keep raising the caliber of their output. One of the businesses involved in the Crude Palm Oil sector is PT. XYZ. The quality of the CPO that PT. XYZ produces is a top priority. To ascertain the quality of the oil produced, crude palm oil (CPO) quality supervision is always conducted. At PT. XYZ, supervision is carried out to ascertain the degree of machine efficiency in addition to determining the oil quality. Additionally, this demonstrates PT. XYZ’s dedication to preserving the caliber of the oil produced. PT. XYZ consistently strives to produce oil that satisfies established criteria. A number of characteristics, including moisture content, loss content, and the value of FFA parameters, typically affect the quality of palm oil. The reduction in CPO quality caused by a rise in Free Fatty Acid (FFA) levels is a frequent problem in CPO mills, according to testing results on FFA levels in CPO from June to July 2024 because CPO storage is one of the key elements in assessing CPO quality and protecting it from impurities that can lower palm oil quality. A cause-and-effect diagram and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis are the methods used to examine the rise in FFA levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference)

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