Journal Description
Geriatrics
Geriatrics
is an international, peer-reviewed, scientific open access journal on geriatric medicine published bimonthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q2 (Health (Social Science))
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 27.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Geriatrics.
Impact Factor:
2.1 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.4 (2023)
Latest Articles
Time for a Re-Think? The Rationale for Multi-Component Intervention to Prevent Malnutrition in At-Risk Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050124 (registering DOI) - 23 Sep 2024
Abstract
Dietary strategies for early intervention in older adults are highly desirable, as they encourage individuals to retain a good functional status despite morbidity [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)
Open AccessArticle
Physical Function Trajectory among High-Functioning Long-Term Care Facility Residents: Utilizing Japanese National Data
by
Kasumi Ikuta, Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe, Miya Aishima, Tatsuhiko Anzai, Kunihiko Takahashi and Sakiko Fukui
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050123 - 19 Sep 2024
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Physical function trajectory (PFT) is associated with mortality and hospitalization risks. We aimed to identify and compare the PFTs of newly admitted high-functioning older adults during their first six months at long-term care (LTC) facilities. In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we included
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Physical function trajectory (PFT) is associated with mortality and hospitalization risks. We aimed to identify and compare the PFTs of newly admitted high-functioning older adults during their first six months at long-term care (LTC) facilities. In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we included newly admitted high-functioning older adults (Barthel index > 60) from 47 Japanese LTC facilities. The primary outcome was physical function changes after admission. Data were collected from the Long-Term Care Information System for Evidence (LIFE), which monitored LTC facility residents’ function between 1 January 2021 and 31 January 2022. A group-based trajectory model and binomial logistic regression analyses were applied to identify and compare residents’ PFTs. Among the 718 residents included, the average age was 85.69 years and 64.5% were female. PFTs were classified as maintenance (66.0%), improvement (9.5%), slight decline (16.6%), and large decline (7.9%). The improvement group had significantly fewer residents who expressed a lack of interest in daily activities (odds ratio (OR) 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21–0.97) compared to the maintenance group. The large decline group had significantly more residents with a low BMI at admission (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.29–4.55) and residents who did not use dentures (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.26–0.95), compared to the maintenance group. Considering future PFTs may aid the development of care plans and the provision of appropriate interventions. Moreover, utilizing existing data has the potential to maintain residents’ physical independence and enhance the quality of care without burdening residents themselves or staff.
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Open AccessArticle
The Association of Cognitive Impairment and Depression with Malnutrition among Vulnerable, Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Large Cross-Sectional Study
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George Karam, Nada Abbas, Lea El Korh, Alexander Abi Saad, Lara Nasreddine and Krystel Ouaijan
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050122 - 19 Sep 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: Mental health issues in older adults, particularly cognitive impairment and depression, can affect nutritional status. This study investigates the prevalence of malnutrition among community-dwelling older adults at risk of social exclusion and dependency in Lebanon and its association with cognitive impairment
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(1) Background: Mental health issues in older adults, particularly cognitive impairment and depression, can affect nutritional status. This study investigates the prevalence of malnutrition among community-dwelling older adults at risk of social exclusion and dependency in Lebanon and its association with cognitive impairment and depression. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the TEC-MED project, involving 1410 older adults aged 60 and above in Beirut. Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment _Short Form (MNA_SF), cognitive impairment with the AD8 Dementia Screening Interview, and depression with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). (3) Results: 87.2% of participants were at risk of malnutrition, and 2.5% were malnourished. Cognitive impairment was present in 82.2% of the sample and 45% experienced moderate to severe depression. Malnourished individuals had significantly higher rates of cognitive impairment (96.7% vs. 57.8%) and depression (85.7% vs. 23.2%). Significant associations were found between the risk of malnutrition, decreased food intake, cognitive impairment, and depression; however, no significant association was found with BMI. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age, cognitive impairment, and depression were significant predictors of malnutrition, while having a caregiver was protective. (4) Conclusions: The high prevalence of risk of malnutrition among vulnerable older adults with cognitive impairment and depression underscores the need for policies integrating nutritional screening into routine health check-ups for older adults.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Care and Support in Geriatrics)
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Open AccessArticle
Facilitating Domestic and Civic-Style Activity in the Later Life of Army Veterans: The Influencing Culture of the Royal Hospital Chelsea
by
Helen Cullen, Alison K. Osborne, Matthew D. Kiernan and Gemma Wilson-Menzfeld
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050121 - 15 Sep 2024
Abstract
The Royal Hospital Chelsea has been home to veterans of the British Army since 1692. Opportunities to remain physically active throughout the life course of its residents include participation in numerous hobbies within the quasi-military environment, and in the civic engagement representational role
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The Royal Hospital Chelsea has been home to veterans of the British Army since 1692. Opportunities to remain physically active throughout the life course of its residents include participation in numerous hobbies within the quasi-military environment, and in the civic engagement representational role of the Chelsea Pensioner. This study examines the influence the Royal Hospital Chelsea culture has on resident opportunities to remain active. A non-traditional mixed-methods convergent design was used across three participant groups. Staff and established residents engaged in semi-structured qualitative interviews, with established residents and a cohort of new residents completing Quality of Life questionnaires. The findings indicate established Chelsea Pensioners experienced a sense of pride and purpose, elevated social status, and increased life satisfaction as a result of engaging in multiple activities. New Chelsea Pensioners demonstrated a trend towards increased quality of life after six months’ residence at the Royal Hospital Chelsea. Further research is required to explore the transferability of similar interventions into other residential establishments.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Exercise in Older Adults)
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Open AccessEditorial
Reconsidering “Aging Well” According to Multiple Definitions: A Multidimensional Approach to Clinical Psychology of Aging
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Luca Gaviano, Roberto Pili, Andrea Domenico Petretto, Roberta Berti, Gian Pietro Carrogu, Martina Pinna and Donatella R. Petretto
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050120 - 15 Sep 2024
Abstract
Aging is a phase of life that, though inevitable, includes an extraordinary variety of experiences, challenges, and opportunities [...]
Full article
Open AccessReview
Frailty and Loneliness in Older Adults: A Narrative Review
by
Andreea-Cristina Gheorghe, Elena Bălășescu, Ionela Hulea, Gabriela Turcu, Mihai Iustin Amariei, Alin-Victor Covaciu, Cătălina-Andreea Apostol, Melisa Asan, Andrei-Cosmin Badea, Ana-Cristina Angelușiu, Maria-Mirabela Mihailescu-Marin, Daniela Adriana Ion and Roxana Ioana Nedelcu
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050119 - 13 Sep 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: In a society with an advancing aging rate, medical systems are coming under pressure due to an increasing flow of older patients with multiple somatic diseases, exacerbated by their psychological and sociological backgrounds. We aimed to investigate the relationship between frailty
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(1) Background: In a society with an advancing aging rate, medical systems are coming under pressure due to an increasing flow of older patients with multiple somatic diseases, exacerbated by their psychological and sociological backgrounds. We aimed to investigate the relationship between frailty and loneliness in older adults and to provide a holistic perspective on these concepts. Our research question was “Is there a link between the loneliness and frailty in older people?” (2) Methods: To assess the link between loneliness and frailty, we conducted a search accessing Index Medicus and PubMed; the timeframe of our research was from 2013 until 2023. Data regarding the study population, as well as loneliness and frailty assessments and approaches, were extracted. (3) Results: A positive relationship between loneliness and the appearance and progression of frailty in older adults is argued for. (4) Conclusions: Frailty and loneliness in older adults are often interconnected and can have a significant impact on their overall well-being. Early identification of frailty by assessing risk factors (including loneliness and/or social isolation) should become a standard of care for older patients. Appropriate combined interventions that effectively address both frailty and loneliness (physical exercises, psychological support, and social engagement) can promote healthier aging, prevent health deterioration, maintain independence, and reduce healthcare costs.
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(This article belongs to the Collection Frailty in Older Adults)
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Open AccessArticle
Modified R-GLIM Score Is a Good Prognostic Tool to Predict a Long-Term Prognosis in Poor Conditioned Elderly Patients with Aspiration Pneumonia, a Pilot Study
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Yoshinori Wakita, Nobuhiro Asai, Wataru Ohashi, Naoharu Mori, Masato Maekawa and Hiroshige Mikamo
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050118 - 12 Sep 2024
Abstract
Background. While prognostic guidelines for pneumonia have widely allowed clinicians to treat patients, poor prognostic factors for 1- or 2-year survival times have never been mentioned to our knowledge. Patients and methods. We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate whether malnutrition according to
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Background. While prognostic guidelines for pneumonia have widely allowed clinicians to treat patients, poor prognostic factors for 1- or 2-year survival times have never been mentioned to our knowledge. Patients and methods. We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate whether malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria is a poor prognostic factor for 1- or 2-year survival among patients with aspiration pneumonia. All patients with community-onset aspiration pneumonia who were admitted to Aichi Medical University and had intervention from our nutrition support team (NST) in 2019 and 2020 were enrolled in this study. Results. A total of 56 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 86 ± 6.5 and 25 (45%) were male. Thirty-one patients died during this observational period. Comparing the survival and death group, higher respiratory rate (RR) and malnutrition were seen more frequently in the death group than in the survival group. Then, the patients were divided into the following three groups: those with an RR ≥ 22 and malnutrition, those with malnutrition, and a control group [patients who were not malnourished and had a low RR (<22)]. Comparing the three groups, patients with an RR ≥ 22 and malnutrition had significantly shorter overall survival times (OSs) than those in the other groups (p = 0.009 by Log-Rank test) for 1-year prognosis. The result of 2-year prognosis displayed a statistical significance that was the same as that for 1-year prognosis (p = 0.004 by Log-Rank test). The Cox hazard regression model showed that a higher RR was an independent poor prognostic factor for 1- and 2-year survival among aspiration pneumonia patients. Conclusions. This pilot study showed that combined scores of higher RR and malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria (modified R-GLIM score) was an independent poor prognostic factor for 1 or 2-year survival among super-elderly patients (aged over 80 years) with aspiration pneumonia.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Pulmonology)
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Open AccessOpinion
Embracing Connection: A Review of First-Ever Clinical Guidelines on Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults
by
Peter M. Hoang and David Conn
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050117 - 11 Sep 2024
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are major public health concerns and are associated with morbidity and mortality. As this is an increasing issue in older adults, guidance for healthcare providers is a priority. The Canadian Coalition for Senior’s Mental Health (CCSMH) has developed the
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Social isolation and loneliness are major public health concerns and are associated with morbidity and mortality. As this is an increasing issue in older adults, guidance for healthcare providers is a priority. The Canadian Coalition for Senior’s Mental Health (CCSMH) has developed the first Canadian social isolation and loneliness guidelines to help providers recognize, assess, and manage social isolation and loneliness among older adults. We review and summarize these guidelines to support healthcare and social service providers to apply best practices and evidence-based care for older adults experiencing social isolation and loneliness.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Personality, Health and Well-Being among Different Age Groups)
Open AccessArticle
Challenges in Conducting Exercise Recovery Studies in Older Adults and Considerations for Future Research: Findings from a Nutritional Intervention Study
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Eleanor Jayne Hayes, Christopher Hurst, Antoneta Granic, Avan A. Sayer and Emma Stevenson
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050116 - 10 Sep 2024
Abstract
Maximising the potential benefit of resistance exercise (RE) programs by ensuring optimal recovery is an important aim of exercise prescription. Despite this, research surrounding recovery from RE in older adults is limited and inconsistent. The following randomised controlled trial was designed to investigate
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Maximising the potential benefit of resistance exercise (RE) programs by ensuring optimal recovery is an important aim of exercise prescription. Despite this, research surrounding recovery from RE in older adults is limited and inconsistent. The following randomised controlled trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of milk consumption for improving recovery from RE in older adults. However, the study encountered various challenges that may be applicable to similar studies. These include recruitment issues, a lack of measurable perturbations in muscle function following RE, and potential learning effects amongst participants. Various considerations for exercise research have arisen from the data which could inform the design of future studies in this area. These include (i) recruitment—consider ways in which the study design could be altered to aid recruitment or allow a longer recruitment period; (ii) learning effects and familiarisation—consider potential learning effects of outcome measures and adjust familiarisation accordingly; (iii) identify, validate and optimise protocols for outcome measures that are applicable for the specific population; (iv) adjust the exercise protocol according to the specific aims of the study (e.g., are you replicating a usual exercise bout or is the intent to cause large amounts of muscle damage?).
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Exercise in Older Adults)
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Open AccessArticle
Factors Associated with Increased Burden of Caregivers of People with Dementia with Lewy Bodies
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Shunji Toya, Mamoru Hashimoto, Yuta Manabe, Hajime Yamakage and Manabu Ikeda
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050115 - 9 Sep 2024
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The burden of caregivers of people with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is high; however, factors related to their caregiving burden are not fully clarified. We herein investigated factors associated with increasing caregiver burden for caregivers of people with DLB. To explore factors
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The burden of caregivers of people with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is high; however, factors related to their caregiving burden are not fully clarified. We herein investigated factors associated with increasing caregiver burden for caregivers of people with DLB. To explore factors associated with caregiver burden, a linear regression analysis was conducted using the J-ZBI_8 total score as the dependent variable and a total of 36 factors as independent variables. This analysis included 252 pairs of people with DLB and their caregivers. Caregivers’ mean J-ZBI_8 was 8.4, indicating that caregiver burden was generally high. First, we identified 20 factors associated with caregiver burden in univariable analysis. Finally, multivariable analysis found three significant factors: irritability (β = 0.208, p < 0.001), use of “short stay” or “small-scale, multifunctional home care” (β = 0.208, p < 0.001), and nighttime behavior (β = 0.138, p = 0.020) were significantly associated with J-ZBI_8 total scores. Irritability and nighttime behavior were found to be contributing factors to caregiver burden. High caregiver burden among caregivers of people with DLB may result in the use of social services providing overnight stays, but to what extent such services reduce caregiver burden is unknown.
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Open AccessArticle
Freedom from Recurrence across Age in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treated with Image-Guided Superficial Radiation Therapy
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Aaron S. Farberg, Randy V. Heysek, Robert Haber, Rania Agha, Kevin M. Crawford, Ji Xinge and Jeffrey Blake Stricker
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050114 - 5 Sep 2024
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality; their incidence is increasing most in older patients. NMSCs have traditionally been treated with surgical excision, curettage, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), and superficial radiotherapy (SRT). Image-guided SRT (IGSRT) is a treatment
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Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality; their incidence is increasing most in older patients. NMSCs have traditionally been treated with surgical excision, curettage, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), and superficial radiotherapy (SRT). Image-guided SRT (IGSRT) is a treatment option for poor surgical candidates or patients with low- or high-risk, early-stage NMSC who prefer to avoid surgery. This large retrospective cohort study compared 2-, 4-, and 6-year freedom from recurrence in biopsy-proven NMSC lesions treated with IGSRT (n = 20,069 lesions) between patients aged < 65 years (n = 3158 lesions) and ≥65 years (n = 16,911 lesions). Overall freedom from recurrence rates were 99.68% at 2 years, 99.57% at 4 years, and 99.57% at 6 years. Rates did not differ significantly by age (p = 0.8) nor by sex among the two age groups (p > 0.9). There was a significant difference in recurrence among older patients when analyzed by stage (p = 0.032), but no difference by stage in younger patients (p = 0.7). For early-stage NMSCs, IGSRT is a clinically equivalent alternative to MMS and statistically significant in superiority to non-image-guided SRT. This study demonstrates that there is no significant effect of age on 2-, 4-, or 6-year freedom from recurrence in patients with IGSRT-treated NMSC.
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(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Oncology)
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Open AccessArticle
“Physical Activity Is Not the Answer to Everything, but It Is to a Lot”: Stakeholders’ Perceived Determinants of Implementing Physical Activity Interventions for Older Adults
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Janet M. Boekhout, Rieteke Hut, Jannique G. Z. van Uffelen, Gesa Czwikla and Denise A. Peels
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050113 - 4 Sep 2024
Abstract
Although many physical activity (PA) interventions for older adults have proven effective in controlled research settings, optimal implementation in real life remains challenging. This study identifies determinants perceived by stakeholders when implementing community-based PA interventions for older adults. We interviewed 31 stakeholders guided
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Although many physical activity (PA) interventions for older adults have proven effective in controlled research settings, optimal implementation in real life remains challenging. This study identifies determinants perceived by stakeholders when implementing community-based PA interventions for older adults. We interviewed 31 stakeholders guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results showed that stakeholders are very specific about the role they can play in implementation, making collaboration between stakeholders crucial. Barriers and motivators were identified in the CFIR intervention characteristics domain (relative advantage, complexity and costs, evidence quality and strength, and adaptability and trialability), in the outer setting domain (cosmopolitism, patient needs, and external policy and incentives), in the inner setting domain (implementation climate, relative priority, compatibility and organizational incentives and rewards) and in the individual characteristics domain (knowledge and beliefs, and other personal attributes). An overarching theme was the stakeholders’ emphasis on aiming for broad health goals in interventions, as they perceive PA as a means to reach these goals rather than an end in itself. Another overarching theme requiring attention in future implementation efforts is the need to tailor implementation efforts to the specific needs of older adults as the end users of the intervention.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Exercise in Older Adults)
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Open AccessArticle
Implementation of the Expert Nursing Standard: Caregivers’ Oral Health Knowledge
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Ina Nitschke, Felix Schulz, Elmar Ludwig and Julia Jockusch
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050112 - 3 Sep 2024
Abstract
The promotion of oral health in nursing care is essential for preventing oral diseases and maintaining health in elderly vulnerable populations. There is a need for standardized guidelines and education. The aim of this study was to collect data on the attitudes and
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The promotion of oral health in nursing care is essential for preventing oral diseases and maintaining health in elderly vulnerable populations. There is a need for standardized guidelines and education. The aim of this study was to collect data on the attitudes and hopes of caregivers regarding the implementation of the German Expert Nursing Standard “Promotion of Oral Health in Nursing” (GENS-POHN) and to evaluate their oral healthcare knowledge before implementation. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five different care settings in Germany. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the attitudes and hopes of nursing assistants regarding the GENS-POHN. Oral healthcare knowledge was evaluated before implementation. Most participants had a positive attitude towards the GENS-POHN and hoped that its implementation would lead to greater safety and competence in daily oral healthcare tasks. Few participants currently use screening or assessment instruments for oral care. There is a need for further education and training, as well as the development and implementation of standardized guidelines and tools for screening and assessment, in oral care. The GENS-POHN as an expert standard could be made accessible to an international audience by translating it into other respective national languages, thereby enhancing its usability for a wider range of users.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Oral Health Care for the Ageing Population: Exploring Gerodontology and Geriatric Dentistry)
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Open AccessArticle
New Psychometric Evidence of the Life Satisfaction Scale in Older Adults: An Exploratory Graph Analysis Approach
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Julio Dominguez-Vergara, Brigitte Aguilar-Salcedo, Rita Orihuela-Anaya and José Villanueva-Alvarado
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050111 - 2 Sep 2024
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of a life satisfaction scale in older Peruvian adults using an exploratory graph analysis (EGA) approach. A total of 407 older adults aged between 60 and 95 years (M = 69.5;
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The objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of a life satisfaction scale in older Peruvian adults using an exploratory graph analysis (EGA) approach. A total of 407 older adults aged between 60 and 95 years (M = 69.5; SD = 6.7) from three comprehensive elderly care centers (CIAMs) in Lima, Peru, were recruited. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was analyzed using EGA with the Gaussian GLASSO model to assess its dimensionality and structural consistency. The relationship with other variables was analyzed using scales such as the GAD-7 and PHQ-9. The network structure of the SWLS indicates a single dimension. Additionally, network loadings (nodes) were examined, showing high values (>0.35) for most items except item 1, which had a moderate loading (>0.25). Structural reliability showed that a single dimension was identified 100% of the time. The post hoc CFA considering the unidimensional network structure obtained through EGA showed satisfactory fit (χ2/df = 3.48, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.07 [90% CI 0.05, 0.08]). Finally, internal consistency reliability was acceptable (ω = 0.92). The SWLS measure is robust and consistent. These findings are a valuable reference for advancing research on aging in Peru, as they provide a practical, valid, and reliable measure.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Personality, Health and Well-Being among Different Age Groups)
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Open AccessReview
Impact of Gut Microbiota on Aging and Frailty: A Narrative Review of the Literature
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Selene Escudero-Bautista, Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias, Ana Teresa Nez-Castro, Lydia López-Pontigo, Maribel Pimentel-Pérez and Alonso Chávez-Mejía
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050110 - 31 Aug 2024
Abstract
Aging is a natural, complex, and individual process that focuses on the progressive decay of the body and a decrease in cell function that begins in approximately the sixth decade of life and ends with death. Current scientific evidence shows that the aging
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Aging is a natural, complex, and individual process that focuses on the progressive decay of the body and a decrease in cell function that begins in approximately the sixth decade of life and ends with death. Current scientific evidence shows that the aging process is mostly related to genetic load and varies because of the environment. Therefore, aging can be adjusted through the intervention of factors that control homeostasis in genetic, biochemical, and immunological processes, including those involving the gut microbiota. Indeed, the diversity of the gut microbiota decreases during aging, based on the presence of modifications in the hormonal, immunological, and operational processes of the gastrointestinal tract. These modifications lead to a state of dysbiosis. However, altering bacterial communities remains complicated due to the great diversity of factors that influence their modification. Alterations caused by the aging process are known to foster dysbiosis and correspond to conditions that determine the degree of frailty in senior citizens. Consequently, the microbial structure can be used as a biomarker for geriatric care in the promotion of healthy aging.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Care and Support in Geriatrics)
Open AccessArticle
Group Reminiscence Therapy for Dementia to Improve Well-Being and Reduce Behavioral Symptoms
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Nobuhiko Yanagida, Takumi Yamaguchi and Yuko Matsunari
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050109 - 28 Aug 2024
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The global increase in dementia cases highlights the urgent need for effective treatment and care strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of group reminiscence therapy on cognitive function, subjective well-being, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
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The global increase in dementia cases highlights the urgent need for effective treatment and care strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of group reminiscence therapy on cognitive function, subjective well-being, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in older adults with moderate to severe dementia. A pre–post comparative design was used, with 49 participants receiving eight group reminiscence therapy sessions over 4 weeks. Baseline, one-week, and one-month postintervention assessments were conducted using the Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised (HDS-R), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version (NPI-NH), and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGC Morale Scale). The results showed no significant improvement in HDS-R scores, but significant improvements in PGC Morale Scale (p = 0.0417) and NPI-NH scores (p = 0.00226), indicating improved well-being and reduced BPSD. These findings suggest that group reminiscence therapy is effective in improving BPSD. Future research should focus on extending the duration of the intervention, including different populations, and combining group reminiscence therapy with other therapeutic approaches to fully determine its long-term benefits and mechanisms. Research on its cost-effectiveness and cultural applicability could further validate and improve the use of group reminiscence therapy in diverse care settings.
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Open AccessArticle
Age-Related Differences in the Functional Demand Placed on the Lumbar Spine during Walking in Healthy Older versus Younger Men
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Alexander Dallaway, Michael Duncan, Corbin Griffen, Derek Renshaw, Jason Tallis and John Hattersley
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050108 - 23 Aug 2024
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Age-related declines in the musculoskeletal system may place additional demands on the lumbar spine during everyday activities such as walking. This study aimed to investigate age-related differences in the functional demand (FD) of walking on the lumbar spine in older and younger adults.
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Age-related declines in the musculoskeletal system may place additional demands on the lumbar spine during everyday activities such as walking. This study aimed to investigate age-related differences in the functional demand (FD) of walking on the lumbar spine in older and younger adults. A motion analysis system with integrated force plates was used to acquire kinematic and kinetic data on 12 older (67.3 ± 6.0 years) and 12 younger (24.7 ± 3.1 years) healthy men during walking at a self-selected speed along a 10 m walkway. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to acquire the maximal joint moment capacity of the lumbar spine. The FD of the lumbar spine was calculated as the muscle moment during key phases of the gait cycle (GC) relative to the maximum moment capacity of the lumbar spine. The difference in FD between age groups was not significant (p = 0.07) and there were no significant differences between the young group (YG) and older group (OG) for any individual phase in the GC. Despite the lack of statistical significance, the results indicate that a practical difference may exist, as walking was approximately 20% more functionally demanding on the lumbar spine in the OG compared to the YG. Therefore, older adults may employ modified gait strategies to reduce mechanical load whilst walking to fall within the limits of their maximal force-producing capacity in the lumbar spine, which may have implications for injury risk.
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Definitions of Ageing According to the Perspective of the Psychology of Ageing: A Scoping Review
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Luca Gaviano, Roberto Pili, Andrea Domenico Petretto, Roberta Berti, Gian Pietro Carrogu, Martina Pinna and Donatella Rita Petretto
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050107 - 23 Aug 2024
Cited by 1
Abstract
In the last decades, the scientific interest in ageing has increased due to the progressive ageing of the global population and due to the importance of guaranteeing the elder people and the next generations a good quality of life and biopsychological well-being. However,
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In the last decades, the scientific interest in ageing has increased due to the progressive ageing of the global population and due to the importance of guaranteeing the elder people and the next generations a good quality of life and biopsychological well-being. However, nowadays, there is not a common and accepted definition of ageing. This situation may refer to the complexity and relevance of the ageing topic and it means that the concept of ageing needs to be understood in a deeper way as a multidimensional and complex process that includes different elements distinctive. The main goal of this review is to explore the definitions and conceptual models of ageing according to a psychological point of view, through a biopsychosocial approach, that integrates biological, psychological, and social aspects with the main goal of a better understanding of the complexity of the process itself. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, and we followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, analysing papers written in English between 2002 and 2023. Results: The review showed different conceptual models of ageing, including Rowe and Kahn’s successful ageing model, the World Health Organization’s models, and others like the “Selection, Optimization and Compensation” Model. Also, the determinants and predictors of ageing have been analysed highlighting the individual variability and the multidimensional nature of ageing. The geographic diversity of the included studies allowed for the analysis of cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental differences in the conceptualisation of ageing. Conclusions: The results emphasise the importance of targeted interventions and programs aimed at promoting well-being during ageing, considering the complexity and multidimensionality of the ageing process.
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(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychology)
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Dementia Care Nursing for Apathetic Older Patients: A Qualitative Study
by
Mana Doi, Asumi Tanaka, Nanae Nemoto, Tenna Watanabe and Yuka Kanoya
Geriatrics 2024, 9(5), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9050106 - 23 Aug 2024
Abstract
The number of patients hospitalized with dementia is increasing, but one symptom, apathy, tends to be overlooked and unaddressed. Thus, this study determines how nurses certified in dementia nursing engage with older patients with dementia who exhibit apathy during hospitalization. A qualitative study
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The number of patients hospitalized with dementia is increasing, but one symptom, apathy, tends to be overlooked and unaddressed. Thus, this study determines how nurses certified in dementia nursing engage with older patients with dementia who exhibit apathy during hospitalization. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 10 dementia care nurses in Japan was conducted. Through conventional content analysis, 10 categories were generated. They included (1) initiating patient engagement when their physiological or daily-life problems become more pronounced, (2) assessing and identifying the causes of decreased motivation from multiple perspectives, (3) assessing patients from multiple perspectives to determine the best way to start supporting them, (4) providing reassurance through basic dementia care, (5) incorporating pleasant stimuli into the hospital environment, (6) providing care based on patients’ circumstances and abilities by collaborating with multiple professionals. Nurses initiate involvement with patients when their daily life problems become more pronounced. They conduct comprehensive assessments from multiple perspectives and collaborate with other professionals to ensure patient care and safety. They also extend their support to patients’ families and maintain long-term involvement. Apathetic older patients benefit from basic nursing care practices and a patient-centered approach, which do not require specialization or additional costs and resources.
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Open AccessArticle
Association between the Kihon Checklist and Working Status among Young-Old Citizens: A Cross-Sectional Study
by
Hironori Ohsugi, Saori Anzai and Yoshitaka Shiba
Geriatrics 2024, 9(4), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9040105 - 20 Aug 2024
Abstract
Owing to increasing super-aging societies, older adults will be encouraged to continue working. Although demand exists for older adults to continue working in Japanese society, the enabling factors have not been clarified. This study aimed to clarify (1) the life functions that affect
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Owing to increasing super-aging societies, older adults will be encouraged to continue working. Although demand exists for older adults to continue working in Japanese society, the enabling factors have not been clarified. This study aimed to clarify (1) the life functions that affect the working status among younger-older adults who continue to work and those who do not via the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and (2) examine whether the number of areas of difficulties in daily functions of the KCL affected older adults’ employment status. This cross-sectional study involved 5386 older men and women aged 65 years or older in one city in Japan. Employment status and the seven domains of the Kihon Checklist (KCL) were analyzed. The KCL items related to employment status were the physical (odds ratio = 2.46, p < 0.01), socialization (odds ratio = 1.95, p < 0.01), and mood domains (odds ratio = 1.29, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the odds ratio increased to 2.06 when three or more domains were applicable. To remain employed, one must be physically and mentally healthy. Furthermore, since the risk of non-employment increased when one KCL domain was applicable, a broader assessment of life functions is necessary.
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(This article belongs to the Collection Frailty in Older Adults)
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