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New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports
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New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 59136

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antonio Hernández-Mendo

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Guest Editor
Psicología Social, Trabajo Social y Servicios Sociales y Antropología Social, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
Interests: observational methodology; mixed methods; sport psychology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Coral Falco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, Norway
Interests: observational methodology; physiology; combat sports; biomechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Verónica Morales-Sánchez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Psicología Social, Trabajo Social y Servicios Sociales y Antropología Social, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
Interests: observational methodology; mixed methods; sport psychology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cristina Menescardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
AFIPS, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Interests: motor competente; physical literacy; observational methodology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tomas Herrera-Valenzuela

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Sciences of Physical Activity, Sport and Health. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
Interests: combat sports; physiology; psychology; sport sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This research topic, “New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports”, addresses the relationship between technical–tactical and biopsychosocial variables in multiple and diverse sports such as adversary (e.g., combat sports, tennis, badminton, squash) and cooperation–opposition sports (e.g., soccer, basketball, rugby, water polo) in competition.

In the opposition sports’ field, one instrument to collect relevant sports data relies on observation and mixed methods analysis. In addition, the use of different technologies (i.e., accelerometers) or self-reported questionaries allows better reflection of situational sports’ nature. Providing a better understanding of the game action development is a valuable insight for coaches when planning strategies to increase the long-term commitment of the players, and for managers when ensuring the sustainability of the long-term management model in facilitating stimulating training environments. The quantification of the spontaneous and planned behaviours can help coaches and athletes to plan better strategies for the future trainings and competitions.

With this Special Issue we aim to publish papers analysing opposition sports competition strategies and categorising them on the basis of the technical and tactical–strategic perspective, in addition to biopsychosocial factors, to identify the performance elements of each sport modality. The papers will contribute to the design of more effective play models by using the observational methodology through descriptive, multivariate and predictive analyses. We would like to invite manuscripts from all forms of sports science, e.g., biomechanics, physiology, performance analysis, motion analysis, talent identification, and psychology, based on opposition sports to fill the gaps in the current literature in opposition sports field.

Prof. Dr. Antonio Hernández-Mendo
Dr. Coral Falco
Dr. Verónica Morales-Sánchez
Dr. Cristina Menescardi
Dr. Tomas Herrera-Valenzuela
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • opposition sports
  • observation
  • mixed methods
  • technical–tactical performance
  • biopsychosocial perspective

Published Papers (20 papers)

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9 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Objective Comparison of Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness among Semi-Professional Male and Female Football Players
by Ricardo de la Vega, Jorge Gómez, Raquel Vaquero-Cristobal, Javier Horcajo and Lucía Abenza-Cano
Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5258; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095258 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2056
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine differences in achievement motivation (measured with the Objective Achievement Motivation Test, OLMT, Schuhfried®) and competitiveness between male and female semi-professional football players. The OLMT objectively assessed three constructs regarding achievement motivation: motivation through [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to examine differences in achievement motivation (measured with the Objective Achievement Motivation Test, OLMT, Schuhfried®) and competitiveness between male and female semi-professional football players. The OLMT objectively assessed three constructs regarding achievement motivation: motivation through personal goals, aspiration level, and motivation through competition. In addition, competitiveness was measured with the self-reported Competitiveness-10 Questionnaire. Finally, participants’ performance was assessed by three expert observers in each of ten matches. Thirty-eight football players (men = 27; women = 11) participated in the present study, and no significant differences were found in the Levene test when comparing men and women with respect to the scores obtained in the different measures used in our research. Significant differences were found in the motivation through competition (p = 0.021) as well as in self-reported competitiveness (p = 0.020) as a function of gender, with males showing higher values in both cases. No gender differences were found in aspiration level (p = 0.283) or motivation through personal goals (p = 0.897). Moreover, age and player performance did not modulate gender differences on any measures. No significant correlation was found between motivational measures and performance. In conclusion, it should be noted that the only variable on which gender differences emerged was the level of competitiveness, such that males scored higher than females on both objective and self-reported measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
13 pages, 790 KiB  
Article
Validation and Factorial Invariance of the Life Skills Ability Scale in Mexican Higher Education Students
by Argenis P. Vergara-Torres, Verónica Ortiz-Rodríguez, Orlando Reyes-Hernández, Jeanette M. López-Walle, Raquel Morquecho-Sánchez and José Tristán
Sustainability 2022, 14(5), 2765; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052765 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2034
Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate the Life Skills Ability Scale through internal consistency and construct validity in the context of higher education in Mexico. In study 1, the reliability and factor structure of the scale were evaluated with a sample [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to validate the Life Skills Ability Scale through internal consistency and construct validity in the context of higher education in Mexico. In study 1, the reliability and factor structure of the scale were evaluated with a sample of 525 higher education students (Mage = 19.94 years, SD = 3.85). In study 2, the factor invariance of the instrument was analyzed based on sample gender, which consisted of 707 higher education students (Mage = 20.03 years, SD = 4.19). The results showed adequate reliability and construct validity with a second order model and an eight-factor structure (teamwork, goal-setting, time management, emotional skills, communication, social skills, leadership, problem-solving, and decision-making). Likewise, there was measure equivalence between men and women. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the Life Skills Ability Scale in a Mexican context is a reliable and valid instrument that allows the assessment of life skills in higher education students. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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11 pages, 300 KiB  
Article
Comparison between the KPNP and Daedo Protection Scoring Systems through a Technical-Tactical Analysis of Elite Taekwondo Athletes
by José Jesús Márquez, José María López-Gullón, Cristina Menescardi and Coral Falcó
Sustainability 2022, 14(4), 2111; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042111 - 12 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6230
Abstract
Background: In the last two decades, the use of technology has been incorporated into taekwondo, changing the rules of the sport to employ a more objective scoring system. The current electronic Protection Scoring Systems (PSS) include sensors that register the number and power [...] Read more.
Background: In the last two decades, the use of technology has been incorporated into taekwondo, changing the rules of the sport to employ a more objective scoring system. The current electronic Protection Scoring Systems (PSS) include sensors that register the number and power of the hits scored, but these may interfere with athlete’s techniques and tactics. This study aimed to analyze the technical-tactical differences in elite taekwondoists using two different PSS. Methods: We systematically observed 112 combats involving 224 athletes, and their actions were registered and analyzed using contingency tables. Results: Eight hundred twenty-seven effective actions were tagged, and differences were found in the types of kicks performed using different PSS. For the total sample, there were differences between PSS in technical actions (X2 = 36.08(10); p < 0.01; V = 0.21), tactical actions (X2 = 10.73(3); p < 0.05; V = 0.11), and hitting side (X2 = 30.97(1); p < 0.01; V = 0.19). In men, the differences in techniques and tactics between different PSS were found in technical actions (X2 = 27.15(10); p < 0.01; V = 0.25), guard position (X2 = 14.94(1); p < 0.01; V = 0.18), and hitting side (X2 = 11.07(1); p < 0.01; V = 0.16), while in women, significant differences were found in technical actions (X2 = 37.03(8); p < 0.01; V = 0.32), tactical actions (X2 = 24.45(3); p < 0.01; V = 0.26), guard position (X2 = 3.95(1); p < 0.05; V = 0.10), hitting side (X2 = 19.27(1); p < 0.01; V = 0.23), and laterality (X2 = 16.32(3); p < 0.01; V = 0.21). Conclusions: The present study evidenced a difference in the technical-tactical behavior of elite taekwondoists as a result of the PSS used in combat, with more marked differences in female athletes. These findings also suggest the need to adapt and review the PSS to effectively score in the same way. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
12 pages, 9613 KiB  
Article
An Analysis of Schmidt and Stein’s Sport Commitment Model and Athlete Profiles
by Cristina De Francisco, Cynthia Gómez-Guerra, Ángel Vales-Vázquez and Constantino Arce
Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1740; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031740 - 2 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2211
Abstract
The sport commitment model proposed by Schmidt and Stein is one of the most complete paradigms on the etiology of burnout syndrome. According to this model, the degree of burnout of athletes is related to the nature of their commitment to sporting activity. [...] Read more.
The sport commitment model proposed by Schmidt and Stein is one of the most complete paradigms on the etiology of burnout syndrome. According to this model, the degree of burnout of athletes is related to the nature of their commitment to sporting activity. Based on the Benefits, Costs, Satisfaction, Alternatives, and Investments, three types of athletes are defined: (1) athletes who are fully committed because they enjoy the activity; (2) athletes who are committed because they feel trapped; (3) athletes who are not committed and are at risk of abandonment. Analysis of cluster and analysis of variance were performed using data collected from a sample of 357 athletes. The results were aligned with the Schmidt and Stein model predictions in terms of athlete type and partial scores for each component of the model, although with slight variations. The percentage of athletes correctly classified is 99.35% for the cluster of committed athletes; 97.35% for the cluster of entrapped athletes; 96.63% for the cluster of non-committed athletes at risk of abandonment. In conclusion, the sport commitment model provides a useful approach to explain the etiology of burnout in athletes, helping to understand the psychological keys to the syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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16 pages, 1463 KiB  
Article
Basic Psychological-Need Satisfaction and Thwarting: A Study with Brazilian Professional Players of League of Legends
by Daniela Lopes Angelo, Marcelo Villas Boas Junior, Mariana de Freitas Corrêa, Vânia Hernandez Souza, Larissa de Paula Moura, Rosemeire de Oliveira, Mario Reyes Bossio and Maria Regina Ferreira Brandão
Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031701 - 1 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2687
Abstract
Recently, the skill to play games has led to the professionalization of the activity in the form of “eSports” (electronic sports). Despite the popularity of eSports, little is known about its professional players from a psychological perspective. Given the importance of the coach-created [...] Read more.
Recently, the skill to play games has led to the professionalization of the activity in the form of “eSports” (electronic sports). Despite the popularity of eSports, little is known about its professional players from a psychological perspective. Given the importance of the coach-created environment in the athletes’ motivational processes, this study aimed to investigate the key psychological dimensions of the coach-created climate in 75 Brazilian professional players of League of Legends (LoL) considering the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Achievement Goal Theory (AGT). Fourteen hypotheses were tested, of which seven were confirmed. The empowering climate was a predictor of basic psychological-needs satisfaction and indirectly influenced autonomous motivation. The need satisfaction had a significant impact on both autonomous motivation and on lack of motivation, which, in turn, explained 56% of the variance in well-being and the intention to keep playing eSports. The disempowering climate was a predictor of psychological-needs thwarting but had no significant impact on autonomous motivation or lack of motivation. The results obtained support SDT and AGT in the context of eSports and were similar to those conducted with athletes from traditional sports, indicating that the empowering-and-disempowering-coaching-climates conceptualization applies not only to traditional sports athletes but also to professional eSports players. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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13 pages, 596 KiB  
Article
Systematic Observation of Corner Kick Strategies in Portuguese Football Players
by Vítor Gouveia, João P. Duarte, Hugo Sarmento, José Freitas, Ricardo Rebelo-Gonçalves, Nuno Amaro, Rui Matos, Raúl Antunes, Adam Field and Diogo Monteiro
Sustainability 2022, 14(2), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020896 - 13 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3895
Abstract
Set pieces are important for the success of football teams, with the corner kick being one of the most game defining events. The aim of this research was twofold: (1) to analyze the corner kicks of a senior football amateur team, and (2) [...] Read more.
Set pieces are important for the success of football teams, with the corner kick being one of the most game defining events. The aim of this research was twofold: (1) to analyze the corner kicks of a senior football amateur team, and (2) to compare the corner kicks of successful and unsuccessful teams (of the 2020/21 sporting season). In total, 500 corners were observed using a bespoke notational analysis tool, using a specific observational instrument tool (8 criteria; 25 categories). Out of the 500 corner kicks, 6% resulted in a goal. A greater number of direct corners using inswing trajectories were performed (n = 54%). Corners were delivered to central and front post areas most frequently (n = 79%). Five attackers were most predominantly used for offensive corners (n = 58%), but defenders won the ball more frequently (n = 44%). Attempts at goal occurred following a corner most commonly from outside of the box (n = 7%). Goals were scored most frequently with the foot (n = 16%) and head (n = 15%). Successful teams are more effective at reaching the attackers and score more goals directly from corners. Unsuccessful teams deliver more corner kicks out of play, the first touch is more frequently from the opposition defenders, and fewe goals are scored from corner kicks. The study provides an insight into the determining factors and patterns that influence corner kicks and success in football matches. This information should be used by coaches to prepare teams for both offensive and defensive corner kicks to increase team success and match outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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12 pages, 580 KiB  
Article
Changes in Drop Out Intentions: Implications of the Motivational Climate, Goal Orientations and Aspects of Self-Worth across a Youth Sport Season
by Priscila Fabra, Isabel Castillo, Lorena González-García, Joan L. Duda and Isabel Balaguer
Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13850; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413850 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2768
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to study the motivational antecedents of the intention to drop out of youth sport from the postulates of the achievement goal theory (AGT), placing special emphasis on the motivational climate that coaches create in their teams. [...] Read more.
The main objective of this work was to study the motivational antecedents of the intention to drop out of youth sport from the postulates of the achievement goal theory (AGT), placing special emphasis on the motivational climate that coaches create in their teams. Specifically, we analyzed whether changes in the perception of the motivational climate between the beginning and the end of the season predicted changes in players’ goal orientations, whether these, in turn, predicted changes in self-esteem and contingent self-esteem, and finally, whether the latter predicted the intention to drop out. Participants in the study were 552 players (Mage = 11.23, SD = 1.14), who completed the questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the season. The results of the longitudinal structural model presented acceptable goodness-of-fit indices and the relationships were significant in the expected direction according to the postulates of the AGT. This research provides evidence that AGT is a relevant theoretical model for the study of drop out in sport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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13 pages, 1117 KiB  
Article
Motivational Context and Perfectionism Traits in Pediatric Sports
by Heriberto Antonio Pineda-Espejel, Jaime León, Juan L. Núñez, Raquel Morquecho-Sánchez, Marina Trejo and Verónica Morales-Sánchez
Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 11639; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111639 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1751
Abstract
In sports, one of the social agents who can pressure an athlete for perfection in their performance is their coach. However, perfectionism has many potential negative consequences such as excessive concerns over even minor mistakes. The purpose of this study is to test [...] Read more.
In sports, one of the social agents who can pressure an athlete for perfection in their performance is their coach. However, perfectionism has many potential negative consequences such as excessive concerns over even minor mistakes. The purpose of this study is to test a sequential model: the motivational context (i.e., task- and ego-involving climates generated by the coach and a coach’s support for autonomy) and the facets that determine the level of perfectionism exhibited as a trait (i.e., perceived coach pressure—a facet of socially prescribed perfectionism—and concerns over mistakes—a facet of self-oriented perfectionism). The sample included 317 athletes (133 boys and 184 girls) aged between 10 and 14 years, who answered a battery of questionnaires that evaluated an athlete’s perception of their motivational climate, their perception of support for autonomy, their perceived coach pressure and their concerns over mistakes. Using the structural equations model, the results showed that the task-involving climate was negatively correlated with perceived coach pressure, whereas the ego-involving climate and support for autonomy were positively correlated with perceived coach pressure and were positively correlated with concerns over mistakes. Finally, perceived coach pressure did not influence concerns over mistakes from the motivational context. This study highlights the importance of considering motivational contexts as important motivational elements of perfectionism in youth sports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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9 pages, 258 KiB  
Article
Determinant Factors for Throwing in Competition in Male Elite Handball
by Jaime Tuquet, Demetrio Lozano, Antonio Antunez, Juan Larroy and Elena Mainer-Pardos
Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10913; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910913 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
The aims of this study were to define determinant factors that affected throwing actions used to score goals in handball, and to study the effectiveness of throwing actions and their relationships with different factors during their use, such as: the throwing distance, type [...] Read more.
The aims of this study were to define determinant factors that affected throwing actions used to score goals in handball, and to study the effectiveness of throwing actions and their relationships with different factors during their use, such as: the throwing distance, type of arm build, type of throw, whether it is done while jumping or while supported, the last supporting foot and the previous step cycle, as well as their relationship with the final score of the game in elite male handball competitions. A total of 1049 shots from 24 matches in the 2018/19/20 International Men’s Handball Championship were analysed. The results show that distance is relevant in the effectiveness of throwing, setting the build up, throwing while supported or jumping, the type of throwing, the type of steps cycle used and the supporting foot. This seems to indicate that the determining factor that affects a throw is distance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
18 pages, 1513 KiB  
Article
An Updated Technical–Tactical Categorisation in Taekwondo: From General Tactical Objectives to Combat Situations
by Merce Barrientos, Miguel A. Saavedra-García, Rafael Arriaza-Loureda, Cristina Menescardi and Juan J. Fernández-Romero
Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10493; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910493 - 22 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2388
Abstract
Taekwondo competition underwent enormous development with the recent introduction of electronic scoring devices and rule changes. Although the competitive model of taekwondo had been previously studied, most of the literature that analyses this model was previous to the introduction of electronic devices or [...] Read more.
Taekwondo competition underwent enormous development with the recent introduction of electronic scoring devices and rule changes. Although the competitive model of taekwondo had been previously studied, most of the literature that analyses this model was previous to the introduction of electronic devices or not based on a prior system of categories. Not only are results of an up-to-date taxonomy essential to guarantee the sustainability of future research about taekwondo based on methodological observation, but they are also completely necessary. This article proposes and validates a new categorisation of taekwondoist technical–tactical actions in the competition after the modifications were introduced between Beijing 2008 and Tokyo 2021 qualification events. The association between environmental conditions, tactical objectives, and technical actions determines the defining parameters of the combat situations. To design the category system, a dual methodology was used: in the first stage, an in-depth review of the technical and scientific literature based on observation of combats was carried out. From that review, a synthesis document was produced, which subsequently was used as a basis for canvassing an up-to-date view of the question from expert advisers. The existing terminology and categories were rearranged and updated, establishing new parameters involved in the technical–tactical resources of contest situations. This updated categorisation was tested by using the generalisability theory, revealing excellent-to-perfect observers’ agreement and reliable data. This new categorisation will allow designing precise and sustainable tools over time for methodological observation of taekwondo in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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9 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Physical Self-Concept and Motor Self-Efficacy Are Related to Satisfaction/Enjoyment and Boredom in Physical Education Classes
by Verónica Morales-Sánchez, Jacobo Hernández-Martos, Rafael E. Reigal, Juan P. Morillo-Baro, Montserrat Caballero-Cerbán and Antonio Hernández-Mendo
Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 8829; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168829 - 6 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2586
Abstract
Physical education (PE) classes promote extracurricular physical activity (PA). Therefore, having fun in this context is important for developing active lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept with enjoyment/satisfaction and boredom in school [...] Read more.
Physical education (PE) classes promote extracurricular physical activity (PA). Therefore, having fun in this context is important for developing active lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept with enjoyment/satisfaction and boredom in school PE lessons. A total of 195 adolescents aged 14 to 15 years (M = 14.65; SD = 0.48) from the city of Malaga participated. The Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), the Children Physical Self Questionnaire (C-PSQ) and the Sport Satisfaction Instrument (SSI) were used to evaluate the variables under study. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed, finding positive and statistically significant associations between motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept with enjoyment/satisfaction in PE, as well as negative relationships with boredom. Specifically, motor self-efficacy and perceived physical competence were predictors of satisfaction or boredom in PE. The results suggest that some physical and motor self-perceptions at these ages could contribute to developing attitudes towards physical practice in this type of educational context, in addition to the importance that their extrapolation to other contexts of PA outside school hours could have. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
11 pages, 1626 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Short HIIT Program with Specific Techniques on Physical Condition and Activity during Simulated Combat in National-Level Boxers
by Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela, Johan Carter, Elvis Leiva, Pablo Valdés-Badilla, Alex Ojeda-Aravena and Emerson Franchini
Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 8746; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168746 - 5 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3222
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of an additional short-duration HIIT program using boxing-specific techniques on activity during a simulated competition. Additionally, we investigated the impact on physical fitness, specifically aerobic performance and lower-body muscle power. Sixteen boxers were randomized into a control [...] Read more.
The present study investigated the effect of an additional short-duration HIIT program using boxing-specific techniques on activity during a simulated competition. Additionally, we investigated the impact on physical fitness, specifically aerobic performance and lower-body muscle power. Sixteen boxers were randomized into a control (n = 8) or experimental groups (n = 8). The experimental protocol consisted of 3 blocks of 5 repetitions of 30s all-out effort, with 6s recovery between repetitions and 1 min rest interval between blocks, conducted 3 days per week for 4 weeks. A two-way (group, two levels; moment, two levels) analysis of variance with repeated measurements in the second factor was used. For the experimental group, there was a change in body mass (ES = −0.13 (trivial)), body fat percentage (ES = −0.12 (trivial)), VO2max (ES = +0.42 (small)), CMJ (ES = +0.12 (trivial)), CMJ-left (ES = −0.11 (trivial)), CMJ-right (ES = +0.22 (trivial)), actions (ES = +0.68 (moderate)), time (ES = −0.29 (small)) and punches (ES = +0.56 (moderate)). For the control group, there was a change in body mass (ES = +0.04 (trivial)), body fat percentage (ES = −0.12 (trivial)), VO2max (ES = +0.11 (trivial)), CMJ (ES = −0.27 (small)), CMJ-left (ES = −0.39 (small)), CMJ-right (ES = +0.08 (trivial)), actions (ES = +0.08 (trivial)), time (ES = −0.65 (moderate)) and punches (ES = −0.57 (moderate)). The punches variable was significant concerning group-by-time interaction (F1,14 = 11.630; p = 0.004; n2 = 0.454). The present study indicated that the addition of a boxing-specific HIIT program is effective to increase the number of punches during a simulated match. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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10 pages, 2605 KiB  
Article
Data Mining for Attitudinal and Belief Profiles Determination towards Hypnosis
by María Auxiliadora Franquelo, Jose Luis Pastrana-Brincones, Rafael E. Reigal, Juan P. Morillo-Baro, Juan A. Vázquez-Diz, Antonio Hernández-Mendo and Verónica Morales-Sánchez
Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7721; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147721 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1964
Abstract
Data mining is a technique that aims to explain large data sets through patterns of behavior, associations, changes, or significant structures in the data. The main goal of this study was to analyze information about beliefs and attitudes towards hypnosis, evaluated by the [...] Read more.
Data mining is a technique that aims to explain large data sets through patterns of behavior, associations, changes, or significant structures in the data. The main goal of this study was to analyze information about beliefs and attitudes towards hypnosis, evaluated by the Valencia Scale of Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Hypnosis, Client version (VSABTH-C) in two temporal moments with a total of 444 participants; developing decision trees in order to discover any sociodemographic factors influencing these variables. The results indicate some influence of gender, education level, and profession on the scores in the scale factors, thus women tended to get higher scores on factors such as Control and Fear; people with a higher educational level tended to get higher scores on factors that denote more positive attitudes and beliefs towards hypnosis; in addition, the psychologist participants showed more positive attitudes and beliefs regarding hypnosis. Considering these results, it would be interesting to carry out similar studies, increasing the size of the sample and also adding some new variables, in order to deepen this relationship and implement changes that would lead people to have more positive attitudes and beliefs regarding hypnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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19 pages, 2122 KiB  
Article
Observational Analysis of Corner Kicks in High-Level Football: A Mixed Methods Study
by Rubén Maneiro, José Luís Losada, Mariona Portell and Antonio Ardá
Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7562; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147562 - 6 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4153
Abstract
Corner kicks are one of the most important set pieces in high-level football. The present study aimed to analyze the evolution of the tactical approach to corner kicks in high-performance football. For this, a total of 1704 corner kicks executed in the 192 [...] Read more.
Corner kicks are one of the most important set pieces in high-level football. The present study aimed to analyze the evolution of the tactical approach to corner kicks in high-performance football. For this, a total of 1704 corner kicks executed in the 192 matches corresponding to the 2010, 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups were analyzed. To achieve the proposed objectives, the observational methodology was used. The results show an evolution in the mode of execution of these actions, but instead the success rate remains low. The log-linear test allowed to find significant relationships between some of the most important categorical variables in these actions: match status, number of intervening attackers and time. The decision tree models show that the number of players involved in these actions is the criterion that presents the greatest information gain. These results corroborate previous multivariate studies, although more research is still needed. Finally, the results of the present study can be used by coaches to create different training situations where success in this type of action can be enhanced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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18 pages, 1022 KiB  
Article
Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge
by Rubén Sánchez-López, Ibon Echeazarra and Julen Castellano
Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6780; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126780 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2858
Abstract
The use of instruments for the evaluation of a player’s procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) in sociomotor sports, such as football, is a line of research of growing interest since it allows a pertinent description of the player’s football competence. The aim of this [...] Read more.
The use of instruments for the evaluation of a player’s procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) in sociomotor sports, such as football, is a line of research of growing interest since it allows a pertinent description of the player’s football competence. The aim of this study is to configure and validate an ad-hoc observational tool that allows evaluating the player’s PTK, understood as football competence, from the observation, coding and recording of the roles, the actions of the acquired subroles and the operational and specific principles of football in the attack and defense phases. Based on the Delphi method, a field format coding instrument was designed and validated where each criterion is a system of categories, exhaustive and mutually exclusive. The results showed excellent content validity (9.02 out of 10), and high values of intra-observer stability (k = 0.747) and inter-observer agreement (k = 0.665). Generalizability analysis showed an excellent reliability (G = 0.99). Additionally, the construct validity of the tool was calculated through a small-sided game Gk + 4v4 + Gk, using two independent samples: semi-professional and amateur players. The results reflected significant differences (α < 0.05) between both samples in the variables total score, offensive score and defensive score. Therefore, this study provides a valid and reliable instrument that allows data collection in a rigorous and pertinent way, as well as their analysis and evaluation in attack and defense according to the roles of the players and based on the motor behaviors that they perform using the subroles that they acquired, associated with the technical dimension, along with the principles that they develop in parallel, in support of the tactical dimension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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16 pages, 462 KiB  
Article
Multivariate Analysis of the Offensive Phase in High-Performance Women’s Soccer: A Mixed Methods Study
by Iyán Iván-Baragaño, Rubén Maneiro, José L. Losada and Antonio Ardá
Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 6379; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116379 - 4 Jun 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3076
Abstract
Currently, there are still few studies on the tactical and contextual criteria that determine offensive success in women’s soccer. The objectives of this study were to discover contextual and tactical criteria that show an association with success in elite women’s soccer and to [...] Read more.
Currently, there are still few studies on the tactical and contextual criteria that determine offensive success in women’s soccer. The objectives of this study were to discover contextual and tactical criteria that show an association with success in elite women’s soccer and to establish a multivariate predictive model for the offensive phase. For this, 2323 ball possessions were analyzed in FIFA Women’s World Cup 2019 via direct observation. In addition, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with women’s soccer coaches and players. For direct observation, a bivariate analysis between the analysed criteria and possession’s outcome was suggested. Additionally, a multivariate predictive analysis was proposed via a decision tree method. To analyze the interviews, a sequential analysis of delays and polar coordinates analysis were carried out. It was established a multi-variant model of offensive success based on possession zone (middle offensive), initial offensive intention (progress) and start zone (preoffensive or offensive) criteria. The probability of offensive success was 75.2% interactively between those criteria. In addition, the analysis of the interviews allowed us to conclude that criteria related to technical–tactical performance, decision-making and physical capacities of the players will be decisive in increasing the probabilities of success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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9 pages, 10087 KiB  
Article
A Cluster Analysis Approach to Profile Men and Women’s Volley Positions in Professional Tennis Matches (Doubles)
by Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Jesús Ramón-Llin and Miguel Crespo
Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 6370; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116370 - 3 Jun 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2596
Abstract
(1) Background: Tennis ball tracking technology allows the aquirement of novel and reliable data about several performance indicators, such as volley positions. This information is key to understand match dynamics in doubles tennis and to better help preparing players for the demands they [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Tennis ball tracking technology allows the aquirement of novel and reliable data about several performance indicators, such as volley positions. This information is key to understand match dynamics in doubles tennis and to better help preparing players for the demands they will face in match play. As such, the purpose of this study was to describe and compare the different types of volley positions in men’s and women’s doubles professional tennis. (2) Methods: Ball tracking data were collected for 46 women (Billie Jean King Cup) and 96 men’s doubles matches (Davis Cup). The variables used were the distance to the net, the distance to the centre of the court and the height of the impact. A K-Means cluster analysis was used to identify in each subsample different profiles of volley locations. (3) Results: The inferential analysis revealed differences in men’s (distance to the net η2 = 0.72, distance to the centre of the court η2 = 0.77 and impact height η2 = 0.63) and women’s subsamples (distance to the net η2 = 0.48, distance to the centre of the court η2 = 0.52 and impact height η2 = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: The results allowed the suggestion of a higher variability in men’s matches, as there were seven different clusters identified, and only four in women’s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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16 pages, 748 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge According to Teaching Method and Experience in School Basketball
by María G. Gamero, Juan M. García-Ceberino, Sergio J. Ibáñez and Sebastián Feu
Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 6012; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116012 - 26 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3789
Abstract
Analysing declarative and procedural knowledge in sport makes it possible to evaluate the students’ acquisitions in the learning process. This study aimed to compare the acquisition of declarative and procedural knowledge after the implementation of several intervention programmes in school basketball, according to [...] Read more.
Analysing declarative and procedural knowledge in sport makes it possible to evaluate the students’ acquisitions in the learning process. This study aimed to compare the acquisition of declarative and procedural knowledge after the implementation of several intervention programmes in school basketball, according to the methodology and prior experience of the students. A total of 55 students from the sixth year of primary education took part in the study, distributed into three groups. Each group participated in a different intervention programme: tactical games approach (TGA), direct instruction (DI) or service teacher’s basketball unit (STBU). The level of knowledge was measured using the Test of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge in Basketball (TDPKB). A descriptive analysis was performed to determine the participants’ characteristics. A factorial ANOVA was subsequently applied in two phases (pre-test and post-test) for independent samples to compare the level of knowledge among the different groups, and a t-test for related samples was performed to compare the pre–post knowledge level within each group. Then, a factorial ANOVA and a test of repeated measures were carried out to determine the effect of the methodology and experience on the students’ knowledge. The results indicate that the TGA, DI and STBU intervention programmes induced improvements in the levels of declarative and procedural knowledge in all the groups, with the students who participated in the TGA programme achieving higher levels of declarative knowledge. Finally, the effect of the absence of practical experience was identified as a determining factor for improvement. The students who had not previously practised basketball achieved higher levels of knowledge with the TGA intervention programme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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17 pages, 2720 KiB  
Article
Pedagogical Variables and Motor Commitment in the Planning of Invasion Sports in Primary Education
by Juan M. García-Ceberino, Sebastián Feu, María G. Gamero and Sergio J. Ibáñez
Sustainability 2021, 13(8), 4529; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084529 - 19 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
Research on Sports Pedagogy necessitates studying the knowledge possessed by pre-service teachers (PSTs) and its application in the planning of sports in school. The main objectives of this study were to consider if PSTs really apply their beliefs when planning their didactic units, [...] Read more.
Research on Sports Pedagogy necessitates studying the knowledge possessed by pre-service teachers (PSTs) and its application in the planning of sports in school. The main objectives of this study were to consider if PSTs really apply their beliefs when planning their didactic units, and to analyse time management and its influence on external load in invasion sports. Eighteen PSTs were interviewed and 899 learning tasks were coded using the Integral Analysis System of Training Tasks. Three groups of pedagogical variables (type of task, game phase and game situation), organisational variables related to time and the external load were analysed. A descriptive analysis was made of the contents of the interviews, on the use of the pedagogical variables and on those used in the learning tasks. Application exercises were set by 50.70% of the tasks and 44.30% were without opposition. This did not coincide with teachers’ beliefs, as they did not show a clear choice of ideal type of task and indicated that individual game situations with opposition were preferable. A descriptive analysis was also made of the organisational variables according to the planned sport. Inferential analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis H test and pairwise multiple comparisons showed differences in the motor commitment and external load of the task*time depending on the type of invasion sport (p < 0.05). Time management conditioned the motor commitment and task load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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15 pages, 805 KiB  
Systematic Review
Technical-Tactical Performance from Data Providers: A Systematic Review in Regular Football Leagues
by Fernando Manuel Otero-Saborido, Rubén D. Aguado-Méndez, Víctor M. Torreblanca-Martínez and José Antonio González-Jurado
Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10167; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810167 - 10 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2704
Abstract
In recent years, the number of technology companies providing data to football teams has multiplied. At first, the provided information focused more on physical fitness parameters, but today, ever more data is being generated on technical-tactical performance. The objective of this study was [...] Read more.
In recent years, the number of technology companies providing data to football teams has multiplied. At first, the provided information focused more on physical fitness parameters, but today, ever more data is being generated on technical-tactical performance. The objective of this study was to review the studies on technical-tactical variables based on the information offered by data providers from every country’s regular elite league championship. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. A total of 31 studies were selected. LaLiga (27.91%) and the Premier League (18.60%) were the most studied competitions. Amisco was the company with the largest number of studies (54.84%). Descriptive studies (58.06%) predominated over comparative (22.58%) and predictive analyses (19.05%). “Style of play”, “contextual variables” (descriptive analysis), and “demarcation” (comparative analysis) were the most used objectives in the 28 studies reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methodological, Technical-Tactical and Biopsychosocial Perspectives in Opposition Sports)
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