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2,083 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,530 Views
12 Pages

11 March 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between a 7-day recall questionnaire and multiple-sensor monitor in identifying sufficiently active adolescents. A total of 282 students involved in the CRO-PALS study were randomly selected for a device-bas...

(This article belongs to the Section Wearables)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,567 Views
20 Pages

Sensorized Tip for Monitoring People with Multiple Sclerosis that Require Assistive Devices for Walking

  • Asier Brull,
  • Asier Zubizarreta,
  • Itziar Cabanes and
  • Ana Rodriguez-Larrad

3 August 2020

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological degenerative disease with high impact on our society. In order to mitigate its effects, proper rehabilitation therapy is mandatory, in which individualisation is a key factor. Technological solutions can prov...

(This article belongs to the Collection Sensors for Gait, Human Movement Analysis, and Health Monitoring)
  • Article
  • Open Access
62 Citations
12,187 Views
24 Pages

Design and Application of Fuzzy Logic Based Fire Monitoring and Warning Systems for Smart Buildings

  • Barera Sarwar,
  • Imran Sarwar Bajwa,
  • Shabana Ramzan,
  • Bushra Ramzan and
  • Mubeen Kausar

9 November 2018

Typical fire monitoring and warning systems use a single smoke detector that is connected to a fire management system to give early warnings before the fire spreads out up to a damaging level. However, it is found that only smoke detector-based fire...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
11,164 Views
23 Pages

Formation Flight of Multiple UAVs via Onboard Sensor Information Sharing

  • Chulwoo Park,
  • Namhoon Cho,
  • Kyunghyun Lee and
  • Youdan Kim

17 July 2015

To monitor large areas or simultaneously measure multiple points, multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) must be flown in formation. To perform such flights, sensor information generated by each UAV should be shared via communications. Although a v...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue UAV Sensors for Environmental Monitoring)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,729 Views
12 Pages

Evaluation of a Real-Time Monitoring and Management System of Soybean Precision Seed Metering Devices

  • Jicheng Zhang,
  • Yinghui Hou,
  • Wenyi Ji,
  • Ping Zheng,
  • Shichao Yan,
  • Shouyin Hou and
  • Changqing Cai

14 February 2023

Aiming at precise evaluation of the performance of soybean seed metering devices, a photoelectric sensor-based real-time monitoring system was designed. The proposed system mainly included a photoelectric sensor module for seeding signal collecting,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue “Smart Agriculture” Information Technology and Agriculture Cross-Discipline Research and Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,509 Views
18 Pages

26 February 2020

Elastic-wave-based structural health monitoring technology has a broad application potential for its sensitivity and ability to achieve regional monitoring. For structures with large damping and specific shapes, the traditional damage monitoring meth...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
60 Citations
14,026 Views
20 Pages

8 July 2023

The rise of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has moved the digital world in a new direction and is considered the third wave of the information industry. To meet the current growing demand for food, the agricultural industry should adopt updated t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
5,046 Views
17 Pages

Adaptive Fault Diagnosis for Simultaneous Sensor Faults in Structural Health Monitoring Systems

  • Thamer Al-Zuriqat,
  • Carlos Chillón Geck,
  • Kosmas Dragos and
  • Kay Smarsly

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a non-destructive testing method that supports the condition assessment and lifetime estimation of civil infrastructure. Sensor faults may result in the loss of valuable data and erroneous structural condition as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,789 Views
19 Pages

Long-Term Polygraphic Monitoring through MEMS and Charge Transfer for Low-Power Wearable Applications

  • Alessandro Manoni,
  • Alessandro Gumiero,
  • Alessandro Zampogna,
  • Chiara Ciarlo,
  • Lorenzo Panetta,
  • Antonio Suppa,
  • Luigi Della Torre and
  • Fernanda Irrera

27 March 2022

In this work, we propose a wireless wearable system for the acquisition of multiple biopotentials through charge transfer electrostatic sensors realized in MEMS technology. The system is designed for low power consumption and low invasiveness, and th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Wearables Section 2021)
  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
5,441 Views
24 Pages

26 September 2018

On-line vibration monitoring is significant for high-speed rotating blades, and blade tip-timing (BTT) is generally regarded as a promising solution. BTT methods must assume that rotating speeds are constant. This assumption is impractical, and blade...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Sensor Fusion and Data Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
5,439 Views
13 Pages

21 May 2021

This paper investigates the long term drift phenomenon affecting electrochemical sensors used in real environmental conditions to monitor the nitrogen dioxide concentration [NO2]. Electrochemical sensors are low-cost gas sensors able to detect pollut...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Noses and Tongues for Environmental Monitoring)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
8,158 Views
17 Pages

Evaluation of the Performance of Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors at a High Mountain Station with Complex Meteorological Conditions

  • Hongyong Li,
  • Yujiao Zhu,
  • Yong Zhao,
  • Tianshu Chen,
  • Ying Jiang,
  • Ye Shan,
  • Yuhong Liu,
  • Jiangshan Mu,
  • Xiangkun Yin and
  • Likun Xue
  • + 5 authors

19 February 2020

Low-cost sensors have become an increasingly important supplement to air quality monitoring networks at the ground level, yet their performances have not been evaluated at high-elevation areas, where the weather conditions are complex and characteriz...

(This article belongs to the Section Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,573 Views
22 Pages

5 April 2018

As bearings are critical components of a mechanical system, it is important to characterize their wear states and evaluate health conditions. In this paper, a novel approach for analyzing the relationship between online oil multi-parameter monitoring...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Fault Detection)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
9,985 Views
21 Pages

SCRMS: An RFID and Sensor Web-Enabled Smart Cultural Relics Management System

  • Changjiang Xiao,
  • Nengcheng Chen,
  • Dandan Li,
  • You Lv and
  • Jianya Gong

30 December 2016

Cultural relics represent national or even global resources of inestimable value. How to efficiently manage and preserve these cultural relics is a vitally important issue. To achieve this goal, this study proposed, designed, and implemented an RFID...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Identification, Information & Knowledge in the Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
9,863 Views
21 Pages

Prototyping an Operational System with Multiple Sensors for Pasture Monitoring

  • David L. Gobbett,
  • Rebecca N. Handcock,
  • Andre Zerger,
  • Chris Crossman,
  • Philip Valencia,
  • Tim Wark and
  • Micah Davies

Combining multiple proximal sensors within a wireless sensor network (WSN) enhances our capacity to monitor vegetation, compared to using a single sensor or non-networked setup. Data from sensors with different spatial and temporal characteristics c...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers)
  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
4,878 Views
20 Pages

20 March 2021

In this study, we further develop the processing of ground-based interferometric radar measurements for the application of bridge monitoring. Applying ground-based radar in such complex setups or long measurement durations requires advanced processin...

(This article belongs to the Collection Modern Radar Systems)
  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,312 Views
36 Pages

19 November 2021

The ever-growing development of sensor technology brings new opportunities to investigate impacts of the outdoor environment on human health at the individual level. However, there is limited literature on the use of multiple personalized sensors in...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,101 Views
17 Pages

A Remote Strawberry Health Monitoring System Performed with Multiple Sensors Approach

  • Xiao Du,
  • Jun Steed Huang,
  • Qian Shi,
  • Tongge Li,
  • Yanfei Wang,
  • Haodong Liu,
  • Zhaoyuan Zhang,
  • Ni Yu and
  • Ning Yang

Temperature is a key physiological indicator of plant health, influenced by factors including water status, disease and developmental stage. Monitoring changes in multiple factors is helpful for early diagnosis of plant growth. However, there are a v...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence and Digital Agriculture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,816 Views
23 Pages

Due to their advantages in ensuring low harmonic distortion and high power factors, single-phase Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) rectifiers are widely employed in several industrial applications. Generally, the conventional control loop of a single-phase...

(This article belongs to the Topic Power Converters)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,435 Views
10 Pages

Water Content Monitoring in Water-in-Crude-Oil Emulsions Using an Ultrasonic Multiple-Backscattering Sensor

  • Alberto L. Durán,
  • Ediguer E. Franco,
  • Carlos A. B. Reyna,
  • Nicolás Pérez,
  • Marcos S. G. Tsuzuki and
  • Flávio Buiochi

27 July 2021

This work shows the application of an ultrasonic multiple-scattering sensor for monitoring water-in-petroleum emulsions. The sensor consists of a commercial ultrasonic transducer with an array of cylindrical scatterers placed in the near field. The s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Ultrasonic Sensors)
  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
6,995 Views
22 Pages

As a significant technological innovation in the fields of medicine and geriatric care, smart care wheelchairs offer a novel approach to providing high-quality care services and improving the quality of care. The aim of this review article is to exam...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Inspired Data-Driven Methods and Their Applications in Engineering Control, Optimization and AI)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,162 Views
18 Pages

4 May 2017

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used to collect valuable information in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges, using various sensors, such as temperature, vibration and strain sensors. Since multiple sensors are distributed o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,378 Views
19 Pages

30 November 2024

An increasing number of projects require the precise knowledge and control of thermal conditions within the study system and their temporal evolution. This is particularly critical for equipment such as laboratory ovens and microbiological incubators...

(This article belongs to the Section Biosensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,294 Views
16 Pages

1 June 2022

The failure that occurs during the dry-type transformer temperature monitoring sensor working will result in wrong data output, which may cause the monitor and monitoring background to respond incorrectly. To solve this problem, a fault diagnosis and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,870 Views
27 Pages

UAV-Based Multiple Sensors for Enhanced Data Fusion and Nitrogen Monitoring in Winter Wheat Across Growth Seasons

  • Jingjing Wang,
  • Wentao Wang,
  • Suyi Liu,
  • Xin Hui,
  • Haohui Zhang,
  • Haijun Yan and
  • Wouter H. Maes

31 January 2025

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multi-sensor remote sensing technologies provide an efficient approach for mapping spatial and temporal variations in vegetation traits, enabling advancements in precision monitoring and modeling. This st...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Agriculture and Vegetation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
6,491 Views
22 Pages

A Comparison of the Signal from Diverse Optical Sensors for Monitoring Alpine Grassland Dynamics

  • Mattia Rossi,
  • Georg Niedrist,
  • Sarah Asam,
  • Giustino Tonon,
  • Enrico Tomelleri and
  • Marc Zebisch

1 February 2019

Grasslands cover up to 40% of the mountain areas globally and 23% of the European Alps and affect numerous key ecological processes. An increasing number of optical sensors offer a great opportunity to monitor and address dynamic changes in the growt...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Agriculture and Vegetation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,210 Views
13 Pages

Accurate Monitoring of 24-h Real-World Movement Behavior in People with Cerebral Palsy Is Possible Using Multiple Wearable Sensors and Deep Learning

  • Ivana Bardino Novosel,
  • Anina Ritterband-Rosenbaum,
  • Georgios Zampoukis,
  • Jens Bo Nielsen and
  • Jakob Lorentzen

8 November 2023

Monitoring and quantifying movement behavior is crucial for improving the health of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). We have modeled and trained an image-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to recognize specific movement classifiers relevan...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combining Machine Learning and Sensors in Human Movement Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,631 Views
23 Pages

Ring-type wearable sensors are increasingly used for continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV); however, evidence regarding their measurement validity and potential lateral differences remains limited. This study aimed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,595 Views
23 Pages

Air Pollution Monitoring Using Cost-Effective Devices Enhanced by Machine Learning

  • Yanis Colléaux,
  • Cédric Willaume,
  • Bijan Mohandes,
  • Jean-Christophe Nebel and
  • Farzana Rahman

26 February 2025

Given the significant impact of air pollution on global health, the continuous and precise monitoring of air quality in all populated environments is crucial. Unfortunately, even in the most developed economies, current air quality monitoring network...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Sensor Design, Innovation, and Their Industry Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,871 Views
15 Pages

2 January 2018

In this paper, a highly monolithic-integrated multi-modality sensor is proposed for intracorporeal monitoring. The single-chip sensor consists of a solid-state based temperature sensor, a capacitive based pressure sensor, and an electrochemical oxyge...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Sensors and Systems 2017)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,035 Views
21 Pages

Space-Time Evolutions of Land Subsidence in the Choushui River Alluvial Fan (Taiwan) from Multiple-Sensor Observations

  • Yi-An Chen,
  • Chung-Pai Chang,
  • Wei-Chia Hung,
  • Jiun-Yee Yen,
  • Chih-Heng Lu and
  • Cheinway Hwang

10 June 2021

Land subsidence is a significant problem around the world that can increase the risk of flooding, damage to infrastructure, and economic loss. Hence, the continual monitoring of subsidence is important for early detection, mechanism understanding, co...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Approaches to Groundwater Management and Mapping)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
9,772 Views
18 Pages

Comparison of Raman and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy for Real-Time Monitoring of Yeast Fermentations: A Proof-of-Concept for Multi-Channel Photometric Sensors

  • Robert Schalk,
  • Annabell Heintz,
  • Frank Braun,
  • Giuseppe Iacono,
  • Matthias Rädle,
  • Norbert Gretz,
  • Frank-Jürgen Methner and
  • Thomas Beuermann

17 June 2019

Raman and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy are useful tools for the specific detection of molecules, since both methods are based on the excitation of fundamental vibration modes. In this study, Raman and MIR spectroscopy were applied simultaneously d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights to Raman Spectroscopy: Advances and Prospects)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,823 Views
21 Pages

Proposal of a Methodology for Prediction of Indoor PM2.5 Concentration Using Sensor-Based Residential Environments Monitoring Data and Time-Divided Multiple Linear Regression Model

  • Shin-Young Park,
  • Dan-Ki Yoon,
  • Si-Hyun Park,
  • Jung-In Jeon,
  • Jung-Mi Lee,
  • Won-Ho Yang,
  • Yong-Sung Cho,
  • Jaymin Kwon and
  • Cheol-Min Lee

12 June 2023

This study aims to propose an indoor air quality prediction method that can be easily utilized and reflects temporal characteristics using indoor and outdoor input data measured near the indoor target point as input to calculate indoor PM2.5 concentr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Human Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,195 Views
20 Pages

Generative Adversarial Networks in Imbalanced Gas Samples

  • Jinzhou Liu,
  • Yunbo Shi,
  • Haodong Niu and
  • Kuo Zhao

Deep neural networks have been widely applied for gas concentration estimation in low-cost gas sensor arrays; however, their dependency on sample distribution remains a significant challenge. Current research indicates that deep learning models are s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,432 Views
16 Pages

Monitoring of Single-Track Melting States Based on Photodiode Signal during Laser Powder Bed Fusion

  • Longchao Cao,
  • Wenxing Hu,
  • Taotao Zhou,
  • Lianqing Yu and
  • Xufeng Huang

13 December 2023

Single track is the basis for the melt pool modeling and physics work in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The melting state of a single track is closely related to defects such as porosity, lack of fusion, and balling, which have a significant impact...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
63 Citations
6,357 Views
16 Pages

21 January 2020

Composite material parts are typically laid out in near-net-shape, i.e., very close to the finished product configuration. However, further machining processes are often required to meet dimensional and tolerance requirements. Drilling, edge trimming...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019))
  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
5,843 Views
15 Pages

An Improved ResNet-1d with Channel Attention for Tool Wear Monitor in Smart Manufacturing

  • Liang Dong,
  • Chensheng Wang,
  • Guang Yang,
  • Zeyuan Huang,
  • Zhiyue Zhang and
  • Cen Li

21 January 2023

Tool wear is a key factor in the machining process, which affects the tool life and quality of the machined work piece. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and diagnose the tool condition. An improved CaAt-ResNet-1d model for multi-sensor tool wear d...

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in the Thermal Error of Precision Machine Tools)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,828 Views
13 Pages

Feasibility Study of a Simple and Low-Cost Device for Monitoring Trihalomethanes Presence in Water Supply Systems Based on Statistical Models

  • Almudena Rivadeneyra,
  • Maria Jesús García-Ruiz,
  • Fernando Delgado-Ramos,
  • Alejandro González-Martínez,
  • Francisco Osorio and
  • Ovidio Rabaza

25 November 2014

This paper describes a new method for predicting trihalomethanes (THMs) presence in networks of water supply systems, using a low-cost device that permits a fast monitoring of concentrations without need of complex analysis made in laboratories. This...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
507 Views
10 Pages

In 3 kV DC systems, the pantograph–catenary interface and auxiliary converter unit (ACU) are among the critical high-voltage subsystems, where electrical transients and thermal overload conditions frequently lead to service disruptions. This pa...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 34th Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC 2026))
  • Case Report
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,860 Views
13 Pages

A variety of technologies classified as lifestyle monitoring (LM) allows, by unobtrusive monitoring, for supporting of living alone at home of vulnerable older adults, especially persons with neurocognitive disorders such as dementia. It can detect h...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Normal in Mental Health Care)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,802 Views
18 Pages

5 May 2014

This paper proposes a space weather forecasting system at geostationary orbit for high-energy electron flux (>2 MeV). The forecasting model involves multiple sensors on multiple satellites. The sensors interconnect and evaluate each other to predic...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in Japan 2012)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,858 Views
26 Pages

3 July 2025

This paper focuses on optimizing sensor placement in structures for load monitoring applications. Such applications rely on sensor data to track changes in the structure. Monitoring accuracy relies on proper sensor placement. The goal is to maximize...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Heat and Mass Transfer)
  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,870 Views
14 Pages

2 March 2022

The dataset presented in this work, called ORION-AE, is made of raw AE data streams collected by three different AE sensors and a laser vibrometer during five campaigns of measurements by varying the tightening conditions of two bolted plates submitt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,815 Views
12 Pages

Potential of a Miniature Spectral Analyzer for District-Scale Monitoring of Multiple Gaseous Air Pollutants

  • Alaa Fathy,
  • Martine Gnambodoe-Capochichi,
  • Yasser M. Sabry,
  • Momen Anwar,
  • Amr O. Ghoname,
  • Ahmed Saeed,
  • Yamin Leprince-Wang,
  • Diaa Khalil and
  • Tarik Bourouina

12 July 2023

Gas sensors that can measure multiple pollutants simultaneously are highly desirable for on-site air pollution monitoring at various scales, both indoor and outdoor. Herein, we introduce a low-cost multi-parameter gas analyzer capable of monitoring m...

(This article belongs to the Section Nanosensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,873 Views
14 Pages

Sensor Fusion with NARX Neural Network to Predict the Mass Flow in a Sugarcane Harvester

  • Jeovano de Jesus Alves de Lima,
  • Leonardo Felipe Maldaner and
  • José Paulo Molin

1 July 2021

Measuring the mass flow of sugarcane in real-time is essential for harvester automation and crop monitoring. Data integration from multiple sensors should be an alternative to receive more reliable, accurate, and valuable predictions than data delive...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Agriculture Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,552 Views
20 Pages

10 September 2024

Monitoring air quality in livestock farming facilities is crucial for ensuring the health and well-being of both animals and workers. As livestock farming can contribute to the emission of various gaseous and particulate pollutants, there is a pressi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Precision Farming and Digital Agriculture)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,016 Views
7 Pages

A low-cost, real-time environmental monitoring system is proposed in this study. The system integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and a micro-framework Flask-based web application. The star topology of Bluetooth devices is adopted to con...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2024 IEEE 6th Eurasia Conference on IoT, Communication and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,191 Views
16 Pages

8 May 2019

A highly integrated sensing technology, combining a stimulated Brillouin scattering-based distributed sensor with XFG (fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and long-period fiber grating (LPFG)) sensors on a single fiber, is proposed for the simultaneous measure...

(This article belongs to the Section Optical Sensors)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
6,517 Views
23 Pages

Application of Low-Cost Sensors for Accurate Ambient Temperature Monitoring

  • Behnam Mobaraki,
  • Seyedmilad Komarizadehasl,
  • Francisco Javier Castilla Pascual and
  • José Antonio Lozano-Galant

8 September 2022

In structures with reduced monitoring budgets, the high cost of commercial metering devices is always an obstacle for monitoring structural health. This might be an issue when temperatures must be measured for both structural and environmental reason...

(This article belongs to the Section Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,661 Views
14 Pages

Greedy Algorithms for Sensor Location in Sewer Systems

  • Bijit K. Banik,
  • Leonardo Alfonso,
  • Cristiana Di Cristo and
  • Angelo Leopardi

4 November 2017

Wastewater quality monitoring is receiving growing interest with the necessity of developing new strategies for controlling accidental and intentional illicit intrusions. In designing a monitoring network, a crucial aspect is represented by the senso...

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