For a targeted development process of foot prostheses, a profound understanding of the dynamic interaction between humans and prostheses is necessary. In engineering, an often employed method to investigate the dynamics of mechanical systems is Hardw...
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) exhibit significant nonlinear electromagnetic behaviour due to the effects of saturation, cross-coupling, spatial harmonics, temperature, and iron losses. In order to effectively capture the actua...
This study compares two district heating substation systems for implementation in rural district heating networks with non-retrofitted single- and two-family houses. The aim is to determine which system has the potential to provide lower return tempe...
Liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) orders are increasing owing to marine environment regulations. The complexity of the integrated system applied to shipbuilding and software errors have increased with the high degree of automation. Direct on-site...
This paper presents the hardware-in-the-loop simulation for dynamic performance test (HILS-DPT) of power electronic equipment replicas using a real-time hybrid simulator (RTHS). The authors developed the procedure of HILS-DPT, and as an actual case e...
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) has been recommended by ISO 26262 as an essential test bench for determining the safety and reliability characteristics of automotive software systems (ASSs). However, due to the complexity and the huge amount of data recor...
The fundamental changes in the energy sector, due to the rise of renewable energy resources and the possibilities of the digitalisation process, result in the demand for new methodologies for testing Smart Grid concepts and control strategies. Using...
With the increasing size and complexity of power systems, it is crucial to have an effective protection system in place to ensure its reliability. One of the important components of the protection system are relays. It is important for a relay to ope...
It is widely recognized that in the transition from conventional electrical power systems (EPSs) towards smart grids, electrical voltage frequency will be greatly affected. This is why this research is extremely valuable, especially since rate-of-cha...
The smart-grid era is characterized by a progressive penetration of distributed energy resources into the power systems. To ensure the safe operation of the system, it is necessary to evaluate the interactions that those devices and their associated...
During the inspection stage, an integration test is performed on electronic automobile parts that have passed a unit test. The faults found during this test are reported to the developer, who subsequently modifies the source code. If the tester provi...
Required functions of a microgrid become divers because there are many possible configurations that depend on the location. In order to effectively implement the microgrid system, which consists of a microgrid controller and components with distribut...
This paper proposes a new method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic (PV) system while using a DC-DC boost converter. The conventional perturb and observe (P&O) method has a fast tracking response, but it presents oscillat...
Power systems worldwide are experiencing rapid evolvements with a massive increase of renewable generation in order to meet the ambitious decarbonization targets. A significant amount of renewable generation is from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs...
Initial attitude calibration is a critical yet challenging phase in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing for space docking, often hindered by cumbersome procedures, safety concerns, and reliance on external equipment. This paper introduces a human&ndas...
Phasor-domain (RMS) simulations have become increasingly vital in modern power system analysis, particularly as the complexity and scale of these systems have expanded with the integration of renewable energy sources. ePHASORSIM, an advanced phasor-b...
To support NASA’s mission to use nuclear thermal rockets for future Mars missions, an instrumentation and control test bed has been built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The system is designed as a hardware-in-the-loop test bed for testing co...
In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHIL) laboratory testing methodology of prototype drive systems with energy-saving permanent-magnet electric motors, intended for use in modern construction...
Experimental work with heating systems installed in public transport vehicles, particularly for optimisation and control design, is a challenging task due to cost and space limitations, primarily imposed by the heating hardware and the need to have a...
Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHiL) simulations provide a powerful environment in the critical process of testing new components and controllers. In this work, we aim to explain the impact of time delays in a PHiL setup and recommend how to consider th...
In order to simulate a PHEV’s dynamic characteristics with high fidelity and study the degradation process of a PHEV’s power sources in real-world driving conditions, an Internet-distributed hardware-in-the-loop (ID-HIL) simulation platfo...
With the widespread adoption of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in smart substations, the real-time data transmission and interoperability features of the IEC 61850 communication standard play a crucial role in ensuring seamless automation syst...
The paper presents a concept and an implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) energy storage test bench. This system permits to simulate energy management strategies or battery models in real time in combination with a real energy storage system...
Automated ventilator controllers have the potential to simplify oxygen and carbon dioxide management for trauma. In the pre-hospital or military medicine environment, trauma care can be required for prolonged periods by personnel with limited ventila...
The Smart Grid is one of the most important solutions to boost electricity sharing from renewable energy sources. Its implementation adds new functionalities to power systems, which increases the electric grid complexity. To ensure grid stability and...
This paper presents the use of real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) methods for the validation of an energy management system designed for real low-voltage (LV) distribution networks with a high penetration of renewable e...
Heavy-vehicle Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) controllers are commonly tested using simulations before vehicle testing, but pneumatic actuation and measurement limitations can affect the results in the field. This paper presents the complete design pr...
To validate safety-related automotive software systems, experimental tests are conducted at different stages of the V-model, which are referred as “X-in-the-loop (XIL) methods”. However, these methods have significant drawbacks in terms o...
With increasing changes in the contemporary energy system, it becomes essential to test the autonomous control strategies for distributed energy resources in a controlled environment to investigate power grid stability. Power hardware-in-the-loop (PH...
In the last years, the overall system inertia is decreasing due to the growing amount of energy resources connected to the grid by means of power inverters. As a consequence, reduced levels of inertia can affect the power system stability since sligh...
Advanced vehicle technologies that substitute or assist the driver are crucial and safety-critical elements, including independently acting electronic control units. A key element of vehicle road safety is its behavior on the road, influenced by vari...
This study aims to explore an intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control method based on optimal control theory. Considering the limitations of existing control strategies in dealing with signal delays and communication lags, a control strategy...
Recently developed nacelle test benches for wind turbines, equipped with multi-physics Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) systems, enable advanced testing and even certification of next-generation wind turbines according to IEC61400-21. On the basis of three...
Distribution networks face low supply reliability and limited fault-recovery capability. Flexible interconnection devices enable looped operation of AC feeders and facilitate optimal power-flow control, which helps address these operational challenge...
A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental test-bench is suggested for a rotodynamic pump in this paper. The HIL simulator is composed of two separate modules and two variable-speed drive (VSD) systems that are connected with the help of a programmabl...
To address the loss of closed-loop nozzle control caused by failures in the nozzle throat angle sensor or the nozzle oil separator valve displacement sensor, a fault-tolerant control method for the aeroengine nozzle actuator based on dynamic control...
In the case of electric vehicle drives, faults in the drive system or in the traction inverter, which controls the vehicle drive unit, could lead to abrupt and unpredictable motion as well as acceleration of the vehicle. In terms of functional safety...
The increase in number of interplanetary probes has emphasized the need for spacecraft autonomy to reduce overall mission costs and to enable riskier operations without ground support. The perception of the external environment is a critical task for...
This paper presents a fault tolerant control (FTC) design for the actuator faults in a variable cycle engine (VCE). Ensured by the multiple variable geometries structure of VCE, the design is realized by distributing the control effort among the unfa...
The traction converter is one of the key components of high-speed trains. Current and voltage sensor faults in the converter may lead to feedback values deviation and system degradation, which will bring security risks to the train. This paper propos...
Among all the conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for a photovoltaic (PV) system that have been proposed, incremental conductance (INC) and perturb and observe (P&O) are the most popular because of their simplicity and eas...
The power take-off (PTO) of a wave energy converter (WEC) converts mechanical power extracted from the waves into electrical power. Increasing PTO performance under several operational conditions is therefore essential to reduce the levelized cost of...
Flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs) are widely used for power regulation in wind farms as they can balance the wind farms’ output power and improve the wind power grid connection rate. Due to the complex environment of wind farms, it is cos...
In this paper, a hybrid fault-tolerant control (FTC) system for quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed to counteract the deterioration of the performance of the quadcopter due to motor faults. A robust and adaptive approach to control...
The electromechanical transmission (EMT) systems of hybrid special vehicles are highly susceptible to severe transient torsional resonance under frequent start-stop operating conditions. Traditional entire-frequency domain H∞ active vibration r...
This article proposes a novel methodology aimed at streamlining the system’s development process. By examining existing state-of-the-art approaches and the capabilities inherent in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tools, the article intro...
Navigation safety is one of the primary operational requirements for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in a complex marine environment, mainly guaranteed by a reliable path planning system for collision avoidance. This work proposes a novel weighted s...
The drivetrain of electric vehicles differs significantly from vehicles with combustion engines. Current concepts of electric vehicle drivetrains usually have a low damping. Typically, there is no clutch to separate the inertial mass of the electric...
Due to the increasing share of battery electric buses (BEBs) in cities, depots need to be adapted to the increasing load demand. The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into a depot can increase the self-consumption, but optimal sizing is...
Software-defined electric vehicles have reached micromobility, creating a growing need to evaluate how controller software shapes drive performance and energy use. This requires experimental platforms with quantified emulation fidelity and measuremen...
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