Gradient structure provides an effective approach to improve the combination of high strength and toughness compared to a uniform one. The gradient interfaces or boundaries in gradient-structured metallic glass composites play a crucial role in influ...
With their hierarchical architectures incorporating gradients in composition, porosity, and orientation, natural materials have evolved optimized balance of mechanical properties. Deciphered from the structure of bamboo, we prepared cellular solids w...
In the field of microwave-absorbing materials, functional powder has always been the focus of research. In order to fabricate lightweight and flexible garment materials with microwave-absorbing function, the current work was carried out. Firstly, the...
Highly sensitive and flexible composite sensors with pressure and temperature sensing abilities are of great importance in human motion monitoring, robotic skins, and automobile seats when checking the boarding status. Several studies have been condu...
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing has the advantages of a simple molding principle, convenient operation, and low cost, making it suitable for the production and fabrication of complex structural parts. Moving forward to mass production usi...
This work focuses on the production of gradient composite materials with an alumina matrix containing copper and chromium and examines the effect of the reinforcement and casting speed on the obtained microstructure. Al2O3-Cu-Cr composites with a mic...
Flexible piezoresistive sensors often face a trade-off between sensitivity and working range. In this work, a gradient porous poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon black (PVA/CB) composite was fabricated via a simple sugar-templating method. The bilayer structu...
For the design of the next generation of microelectronic packages, thermal management is one of the key aspects and must be met by the development of polymers with enhanced thermal conductivity. While all polymer classes show a very low thermal condu...
In this study, electrical steel laminated composites with positive Si gradient (PO-G), counter Si gradient (CO-G), and cross Si gradient (CR-G) were fabricated by hot-press sintering, cold rolling and annealing. The microstructure evolution during pr...
The intrinsic electronic and structural properties of the transition metal rhenium (Re) endow it with substantial application potential in electrocatalysis. However, the high cost of Re requires the development of Re-based materials to reduce cost an...
The trimodal grain-structured (TGS) carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (CNT/Al) exhibit better strength–ductility synergy compared to bimodal grain-structured (BGS) composites. The addition of fine grain (FG) to the TGS compo...
Particulate-reinforced polymer composites (PRPCs) are susceptible to cracking under tensile loading, severely limiting their service life. Here, we propose a pressure-gradient-driven infiltration method that rapidly repairs narrow (<10 μm) crac...
A ZrSi2-SiC/SiC gradient coating system was designed to reduce the thermal stress of anti-oxidation coatings for C/C composites and prolong their anti-oxidation time at a high temperature. The SiC transition layer was prepared by pack cementation and...
In this paper, a template-filling method was found to prepare composition gradient gelatin films by incorporating α-[3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyl]-ω-butyl-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS–E) grafted gelatin (PGG) into a gradient gelatin mesh template. The m...
In this paper, the composite optimization problem is studied on Riemannian manifolds. To tackle this problem, the proximal gradient method to solve composite optimization problems is proposed on Riemannian manifolds. Under some reasonable conditions,...
The thematic processing of pseudocolor composite images, especially those created from remote sensing data, is of considerable interest. The set of spectral classes comprising such images is typically described by a nominal scale, meaning the absence...
This study investigates the dynamic mechanical characteristics of strength-gradient composite rock masses under one-dimensional explosive plane waves by integrating digital image correlation (DIC) and Lagrangian inverse analysis. Using a one-dimensio...
This work demonstrates the capabilities and advantages of a novel sintering technique to fabricate bulk composition gradient materials. Pressure distribution calculations were used to compare several tooling geometries for use with current-activated,...
In this paper, a new type of composite gradient sandwich plate structure is proposed, which embeds the pre-strained shape memory alloy (SMA) into the surface layer and the core layer composed of epoxy resin and graphite-reinforced materials. In the c...
Porosity is of high importance for functional materials, as it allows for high surface areas and the accessibility of materials. While the fundamental interplay between different pore sizes and functionalities is quite well understood, few studies on...
As an extension of conventional gradient, anti-symmetric oblique coupling gradient has a superior modal modification ability on composite laminates embedded with pre-strained shape memory alloys (SMA) wires, which is beneficial to suppress modal reso...
Titanium and titanium alloys have been extensively utilized in biomedical implants due to their excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this study, a ZrN/Ag2O micro–nano gradient composite structure was prepared on the...
(1) Studying changes in plant composition and diversity of Pinus pumila communities along the elevation is significant for biodiversity conservation; (2) In this study, we systematically analysed Pinus pumila communities’ species composition an...
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology enables the fabrication of functionally graded materials (FGMs) by adjusting the wire feed speed of different welding wires in a layer-by-layer manner. This study aimed to produce SS 316L/Inconel 625...
TC4ELI+TC21 titanium gradient composite structures with direct transition (TD1) and cross transition (TD2) were prepared using laser deposition manufacturing technology. The microstructure of the gradient interface was observed, and the distribution...
The study of mechanical response and crack propagation behavior of layered composite rock mass is helpful for the efficient extraction of geological energy and the safety and stability of underground space structures. The shale is a heterogeneous roc...
The irradiation of atomic oxygen (AO) severely restricts the application of polymeric lubricating coatings in low Earth orbit (LEO). Herein, octa- and mono-amino polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) were chemically bonded onto polyimide/moly...
Heterogeneous hydrogels capable of complex, programmable deformation are highly desirable for soft actuators, yet general strategies that simultaneously impart structural anisotropy, rapid responsiveness, and mechanical robustness remain limited. Her...
By applying cold extrusion, an elemental metal powder composite Al60Mg40 was prepared. The texture gradient was measured over the cross-section of the extrusion profile using synchrotron radiation while the bulk texture was obtained by neutron diffra...
Currently, the procurement of lightweight, tough, and impact resistant materials is garnering significant industrial interest. New hybrid materials can be developed on the basis of the numerous naturally found materials with gradient properties found...
Since commercial non-woven air filtering materials have unstable filtering efficiency and poor moisture permeability for the abundant condensed aerosol particles in the highly humid atmospheric environment, the PLLA/PAN composite fiber material with...
Rapid urbanization threatens soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but the structural and physiological adaptations of soil microorganisms to urbanization remain unclear. We examined variations in soil microbial biomass, community structure and...
Pulsed thermography is a nondestructive method commonly used to explore anomalies in composite materials. This paper presents a procedure for the automated detection of defects in thermal images of composite materials obtained with pulsed thermograph...
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is an important destruction form of materials such as stainless steel, nickel-based alloy and their welded components in nuclear reactor pressure vessels and pipes. The existing popular quantitative prediction models o...
P-type multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as well as heterostructures fabricated by direct deposition of inorganic thermoelectric materials as antimony and bismuth chalcogenides on MWCNT networks are known as perspective materials for application...
TiAl alloys are used in high-temperature components such as the turbine blades of aeroengines because of their excellent properties. However, TiAl alloys are prone to thermal corrosion when in near-ocean service. In order to solve this problem, a hot...
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To address the growing problem of electromagnetic pollution, the development of intelligent, multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials is essential. The objective of this work is to fabricate an intelligent, low-reflection and high-absorpti...
In order to solve defects such as poor integrity, delamination failure, and narrow absorption bandwidth, three-dimensional (3D) gradient honeycomb woven composites (GHWCs) with triangular sections were designed and prepared. Three-dimensional gradien...
The main aim of the investigation was to determine the impact of the content of nickel and the content of slurry on the nature of the microstructure and physical properties of the final products. In the study, six types of slurries were examined and...
Functionally graded piezoceramics are a new generation of engineering materials whose final properties are determined by a chemical composition gradient (volume distribution), material microstructure, or design characteristics. This review analyzes p...
ZrO2-toughened Al2O3 (ZTA) ceramic composites with a porosity gradient and with improved mechanical properties have a wide range of possible applications. We fabricated nanofibrous and nanogranular Y-ZTA and Ce-ZTA composites with a gradient microstr...
3D printing of ceramics has started gaining traction in architecture over the past decades. However, many existing paste-based extrusion techniques have not yet been adapted or made feasible in ceramics. A notable example is coextrusion, a common app...
Materials used in aircraft engines, gas turbines, nuclear reactors, re-entry vehicles, and hypersonic structures are subject to severe environmental conditions that present significant challenges. With their remarkable properties, such as high meltin...
Inspired by the Bouligand structure of the mantis shrimp’s dactyl club, in this study, we employed direct ink writing 3D printing technology to fabricate bioinspired gradient ceramic samples with varying gradient spacings and rotation angles. A rigid...
An innovative cement and alkali-activated gradient cementitious composite was fabricated via mixed and layered casting methods. The influence of casting method and mix proportion on mechanical performance was systematically investigated, and the comp...
Flexible sensors are prone to the problems of slow recovery rate and large residual strain in practical use. In this paper, a polyurethane functional composite with a gradient change in elastic modulus is proposed as a flexible sensor to meet the rec...
Elevation gradients strongly influence the diversity pattern of soil microorganisms. To date, many studies have elucidated the response of soil microbes to changes in elevation gradients. However, the effects of these gradients on the assembly mechan...
The development of emerging high-tech technologies comes with a growing demand for composite materials with outstanding mechanical properties and wear resistance. Herein, we fabricated organic-inorganic self-stratifying gradient coatings based on sil...
Soil fungi play an integral and essential role in maintaining soil ecosystem functions. The understanding of altitude variations and their drivers of soil fungal community composition and diversity remains relatively unclear. Mountains provide an ope...
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