Altitudinal Variation Influences Soil Fungal Community Composition and Diversity in Alpine–Gorge Region on the Eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Plot Setup and Soil Sampling
2.3. Determination of Soil Physicochemical Properties
2.4. DNA Extraction, MiSeq Sequencing, and Bioinformatics
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Fungal Community Composition
3.2. Soil Fungal Diversity
3.3. Drivers of the Soil Fungal Community
4. Discussion
4.1. Soil Fungal Community Composition
4.2. Soil Fungal Diversity
4.3. Drivers of the Soil Fungal Community
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abbreviation | Altitude Range (m) | Vegetation Types | Dominant Plant Species |
---|---|---|---|
E7 | 3998–4245 | Alpine meadow | Carex atrofusca, Polygonum viviparum, Anemone rivularis |
E6 | 3671–3893 | Alpine shrub meadow | Potentilla fruticose *, Sibiraea angustata, Berberis wilsoniae |
E5 | 3161–3516 | Subalpine coniferous forest | Abies fargesii var. faxoniana# |
E4 | 2805–3089 | Subalpine coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest | A. fargesii var. faxoniana #, Betula albosinensis # |
E3 | 2427–2769 | Subalpine broadleaved mixed forest | B. albosinensis#, B. platyphylla#, Acer davidii |
E2 | 1946–2182 | Valley-mountain ecotone Broadleaved mixed forest | Quercus baronii #, Cotinus coggygria *, Ostryopsis davidiana # |
E1 | 1663–1848 | Dry valley shrub | Campylotropis macrocarpa *, Bauhinia brachycarpa *, Sophora davidii * |
Soil Fungi | Bray–Curtis Index | Jaccard Index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Component | Mean | Slope (km−1) | R2 | Component | Mean | Slope (km−1) | R2 | |
Total | β-diversity | 0.850 | 0.0535 | 0.22 *** | β-diversity | 0.750 | 0.0205 | 0.16 *** |
Turnover | 0.794 | 0.0692 | 0.19 *** | Turnover | 0.706 | 0.026 | 0.15 *** | |
Nestedness | 0.056 | −0.0157 | 0.02 *** | Nestedness | 0.044 | −0.0055 | <0.01 *** | |
Symbiotic | β-diversity | 0.875 | 0.0205 | 0.02 *** | β-diversity | 0.818 | 0.0110 | 0.03 *** |
Turnover | 0.814 | 0.0191 | 0.01 *** | Turnover | 0.786 | 0.0107 | 0.02 *** | |
Nestedness | 0.060 | 0.0014 | <0.01 ns | Nestedness | 0.032 | 0.00025 | <0.01 ns | |
Saprophytic | β-diversity | 0.775 | 0.0631 | 0.13 *** | β-diversity | 0.798 | 0.0243 | 0.11 *** |
Turnover | 0.660 | 0.1020 | 0.17 *** | Turnover | 0.744 | 0.0318 | 0.09 *** | |
Nestedness | 0.115 | −0.0388 | 0.06 *** | Nestedness | 0.054 | −0.00748 | 0.01 *** | |
Pathogenic | β-diversity | 0.940 | 0.0332 | 0.06 *** | β-diversity | 0.934 | 0.0299 | 0.08 *** |
Turnover | 0.890 | 0.0548 | 0.07 *** | Turnover | 0.901 | 0.0473 | 0.07 *** | |
Nestedness | 0.050 | 0.0217 | 0.03 *** | Nestedness | 0.033 | −0.0174 | 0.03 *** |
Soil Properties | Total Fungi | Symbiotic Fungi | Saprophytic Fungi | Pathogenic Fungi |
---|---|---|---|---|
EC | 0.799 *** | 0.701 *** | 0.713 *** | 0.609 *** |
WFPS | 0.787 *** | 0.742 *** | 0.718 *** | 0.757 *** |
TP | 0.618 *** | 0.602 *** | 0.464 *** | 0.265 *** |
pH | 0.604 *** | 0.595 *** | 0.550 *** | 0.591 *** |
NO3−-N | 0.454 *** | 0.426 *** | 0.407 *** | 0.293 *** |
NH4+-N | 0.377 *** | 0.390 *** | 0.402 *** | 0.513 *** |
AP | 0.294 *** | 0.409 *** | 0.295 *** | 0.186 ** |
SOC | 0.260 *** | 0.368 *** | 0.216 ** | 0.347 *** |
TK | 0.233 *** | 0.308 ** | 0.170 ** | 0.261 *** |
BD | 0.141 ** | 0.163 ** | 0.079 ns | 0.249 ** |
C/P | 0.078 ns | 0.128 * | 0.046 ns | 0.098 * |
N/P | 0.040 ns | 0.074 ns | 0.016 ns | 0.095 ns |
C/N | 0.035 ns | 0.004 ns | 0.094 ns | 0.014 ns |
Soil Fungi | Components | Fit Equation | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
Total | β-diversity | 0.0003EC + 0.0006C/P + 0.0008WFPS + 0.0066TN − 0.0007TC + 0.0009GEO | 0.2757 *** |
Turnover | 0.0011C/P + 0.0011WFPS + 0.0005EC + 0.0019GEO | 0.2762 *** | |
Nestedness | −0.0005WFPS | 0.0279 *** | |
Symbiotic | β-diversity | 0.0009C/P + 0.0006WFPS | 0.0778 *** |
Turnover | 0.0010C/P + 0.0006WFPS | 0.0662 *** | |
Nestedness | −0.0004SOC + 0.0023TK−0.0001WFPS | 0.0240 * | |
Saprophytic | β-diversity | 0.0121TN + 0.0005WFPS + 0.0025GEO | 0.1701 *** |
Turnover | 0.0009EC + 0.0154TN + 0.0006WFPS + 0.0031GEO | 0.2470 *** | |
Nestedness | 0.0006C/P | 0.0169 ns | |
Pathogenic | β-diversity | 0.0048TN − 0.0005TC + 0.0008WFPS | 0.0659 *** |
Turnover | 0.0033TN + 0.0014WFPS | 0.0569 *** | |
Nestedness | 0.0009SOC − 0.0041TN − 0.0006WFPS | 0.0378 *** |
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Chen, J.; Shi, Z.; Liu, S.; Zhang, M.; Cao, X.; Chen, M.; Xu, G.; Xing, H.; Li, F.; Feng, Q. Altitudinal Variation Influences Soil Fungal Community Composition and Diversity in Alpine–Gorge Region on the Eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080807
Chen J, Shi Z, Liu S, Zhang M, Cao X, Chen M, Xu G, Xing H, Li F, Feng Q. Altitudinal Variation Influences Soil Fungal Community Composition and Diversity in Alpine–Gorge Region on the Eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(8):807. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080807
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jian, Zuomin Shi, Shun Liu, Miaomiao Zhang, Xiangwen Cao, Miao Chen, Gexi Xu, Hongshuang Xing, Feifan Li, and Qiuhong Feng. 2022. "Altitudinal Variation Influences Soil Fungal Community Composition and Diversity in Alpine–Gorge Region on the Eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8: 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080807