Background: Retroelements (REs) are transposable elements occupying ~40% of the human genome that can regulate genes by providing transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). RE-linked TFBS profile can serve as a marker of gene transcriptional regulati...
The modes of occurrence, migration, and evolution pathways of lithium (Li) and gallium (Ga) during combustion of an Al-rich coal from Inner Mongolia, China, were investigated using methods of simulated combustion experiments, the sequential chemical...
The evolution of protein-coding genes has both structural and regulatory components. The first can be assessed by measuring the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions. The second component can be measured as the normalized pro...
As an emerging nano energy technology, nanogenerators have been developed rapidly, which makes it crucial to analyze the evolutionary pathways of advanced technology in this field to help estimate the development trend and direction. However, some li...
Methanol is a sustainable substrate for biotechnology. In addition to natural methylotrophs, metabolic engineering has gained attention for transfer of methylotrophy. Here, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum for methanol-dependent growth with a...
Reptiles show remarkable diversity in modes of reproduction and sex determination, including high variation in the morphology of sex chromosomes, ranging from homomorphic to highly heteromorphic. Additionally, the co-existence of genotypic sex determ...
Unraveling the origin of molecular pathways underlying the evolution of adaptive traits is essential for understanding how new lineages emerge, including the relative contribution of conserved ancestral traits and newly evolved derived traits. Here,...
Public pedestrian pathways have been widely adopted in planned cities to improve walkability and strengthen connections between residential areas and public spaces. However, existing studies have largely focused on management issues and post-occupanc...
Exploring the evolution of livelihood patterns of farm households relocated for poverty alleviation in three prefectures of Guizhou Province, China, can provide a theoretical basis and practical value for achieving sustainable livelihoods of relocate...
While temperature and acidity dominate the design of zeolite catalysts for olefin cracking, the role of reaction time as an independent variable governing pathway dynamic remains elusive. This study integrates experimental and simulation methods to u...
The health status of ecosystems is an important prerequisite for ensuring regional ecological security. Exploring the spatiotemporal patterns, driving mechanisms, and zoning regulation pathways of ecosystem health is of great significance for achievi...
The evolution of release factors catalyzing the hydrolysis of the final peptidyl-tRNA bond and the release of the polypeptide from the ribosome has been a longstanding paradox. While the components of the translation apparatus are generally well-cons...
Operons represent one of the leading strategies of gene organization in prokaryotes, having a crucial influence on the regulation of gene expression and on bacterial chromosome organization. However, there is no consensus yet on why, how, and when op...
As an advanced form of community development, Future Communities (Weilai Shequ) is a policy-led urban initiative launched in Zhejiang, China, that prioritizes human-centered development. However, it is currently confronted with an inherent contradict...
Onecut/Hnf6 (Oc) genes play an important role in the proper formation of retinal cells in vertebrates, in particular horizontal, retinal ganglion and amacrine cells. However, it is not fully known how the unique and combined action of multiple Oc gen...
Background: Retroelements (REs) are mobile genetic elements comprising ~40% of human DNA. They can reshape expression patterns of nearby genes by providing various regulatory sequences. The proportion of regulatory sequences held by REs can serve a m...
Background: Transposons are selfish genetic elements that self-reproduce in host DNA. They were active during evolutionary history and now occupy almost half of mammalian genomes. Close insertions of transposons reshaped structure and regulation of m...
Selfish genetic elements, like transposable elements or viruses, are a threat to genomic stability. A variety of processes, including small RNA-based RNA interference (RNAi)-like pathways, has evolved to counteract these elements. Amongst these, endo...
Directed experimental adaptive evolution in fungal pathogens is largely unexplored. In the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, long-term cultivation under osmotic stress was found to lead to individuals arising as suppressor strains out of osm...
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling controls diverse cellular processes during embryogenesis as well as in mature tissues of multicellular animals. Here we carried out a comprehensive analysis of TGF-β pathway members in 24 representative...
Hedgehog signaling is one of the key regulators of morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and regeneration. While the Hh pathway is present in all bilaterians, it has mainly been studied in model animals such as Drosophila and vertebrates. Despite the...
Against the backdrop of concurrent economic transformation, deepening digitalization, and green upgrading, this study aims to uncover the mechanisms through which the system of new quality productive forces drives high-quality economic development. D...
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are observational studies of a large set of genetic variants, whose aim is to find those that are linked to a certain trait or illness. Due to the multivariate nature of these kinds of studies, machine learning...
In kinetoplastids, the first seven steps of glycolysis are compartmentalized into a glycosome along with parts of other metabolic pathways. This organelle shares a common ancestor with the better-understood eukaryotic peroxisome. Much of our understa...
Fungal secondary metabolites are renowned toxins as well as valuable sources of antibiotics, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and immunosuppressants; hence, great efforts were levied to understand how these compounds are genetically regulated. The genes e...
In the biosphere, the largest biological laboratory, increased anthropogenic activities have led microbes to evolve and adapt to the changes occurring in the environment. Compounds, specifically xenobiotics, released due to such activities persist in...
Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation is a significant pathway for sustainable energy conversion and production. The photocatalysts with a Z-scheme water splitting charge transfer pathway is superior due to the good separation and mi...
Understanding the morphological evolution and sediment transport characteristics of meandering rivers is crucial for river regulation and management. This experimental study employs the natural river model method in a 50 m × 6 m laboratory flum...
Inner Mongolia’s grasslands, covering 22% of China’s total grassland area, face critical challenges in balancing livestock production with carbon sequestration under climate change pressures. This study establishes an integrated assessmen...
Blue–green space refers to blue space (rivers and lakes) and green space (lawns and trees), which have the cooling island effect and are increasingly acknowledged as a potential and effective way to help alleviate the urban heat island effect....
Accurately estimating land-use demand is essential for urban models to predict the evolution of urban spatial morphology. Due to the uncertainties inherent in socioeconomic development, the accurate forecasting of urban land-use demand remains a daun...
Tropane alkaloids (TA) constitute a class of plant specialized metabolites with important pharmaceutical applications, including the anticholinergic agents hyoscyamine and scopolamine and the local anesthetic cocaine. Over the past decade, advances i...
Rosa chinensis, an important ancestor species of Rosa hybrida, the most popular ornamental plant species worldwide, produces flowers with diverse colors and fragrances. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor family controls a wide variety of plant-specifi...
Residential historic districts face simultaneous pressures from tourism development, functional transformation, and the need to sustain everyday community life. Taking the Barkhor Historic Area in Lhasa as a case study, this study integrates GIS-base...
The complement system is a pivotal component of innate immunity, extensively studied in vertebrates but also present in invertebrates. This study explores the existence of a terminal complement pathway in the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri, aiming to...
As a major source of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, the low-carbon retrofitting of existing buildings can help to alleviate climate pressures and increase environmental resilience, and it is an effective and feasible way to achieve...
Urban competitiveness encapsulates a city’s comprehensive capacity for development. Utilizing panel data for 282 prefecture-level cities from 2012 to 2020, this study constructs an evaluation index system of urban competitiveness and applies ke...
Decarbonizing the transportation sector is critical for China to achieve its ambitious “dual-carbon” goals of peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and attaining carbon neutrality by 2060. Guided by the overarching philosophy of &l...
In the article ‘Retroelement—Linked Transcription Factor Binding Patterns Point to Quickly Developing Molecular Pathways in Human Evolution,’ a number of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) mapped on all retroelement classes w...
Phytochemicals are structurally diverse secondary metabolites synthesized by plants and also by non-pathogenic endophytic microorganisms living within plants. Phytochemicals help plants to survive environmental stresses, protect plants from microbial...
Hungateiclostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 is a promising bacterium for consolidated bioprocessing with a robust ability to degrade lignocellulosic biomass through a multienzyme cellulosomal complex. The bacterium uses the released cellodextrins, gl...
Cross-sectoral integration among sports, culture, and tourism has emerged as a crucial pathway for fostering coordinated and sustainable regional development. Using panel data from 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2013 to 2022, this study ap...
COVID-19 and deep learning have each marked pivotal milestones in the evolution of modern science. Since the onset of the pandemic, researchers from diverse disciplines have converged to address urgent, real-world challenges, while deep learning has...
Microproteins (<100 amino acids) are receiving increasing recognition as important participants in numerous biological processes, but their evolutionary dynamics are poorly understood. SPAAR is a recently discovered microprotein that regulates mus...
For rechargeable metal–air batteries, which are a promising energy storage device for renewable and sustainable energy technologies, the development of cost-effective electrocatalysts with effective bifunctional activity for both oxygen reducti...
The formation of internal patterns in drying protein droplets is commonly interpreted as a consequence of evaporation-driven hydrodynamic transport. Here, we show that the residence time of the HSA–NaCl system before the hygrometric transition...
The evolution, transport characteristics, and potential source regions of PM2.5 and O3 were investigated from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 in the coastal city of Nantong. The annual mean PM2.5 concentration declined obviously over the entire st...
Acute chagasic encephalitis is a clinically severe central nervous system (CNS) manifestation. However, the knowledge of the nervous form of Chagas disease is incomplete. The role of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) on mice behavior and...
Long-term decarbonization of urban residential buildings in southern China depends on the joint evolution of building stock, end-use efficiency, and electricity carbon intensity. This study develops a dynamic stock-energy-carbon framework for urban r...
The molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is complex due to the high rate of genomic heterogeneity. Significant advances have been made in the last decade which elucidated the landscape of molecular alterations (cytogenetic abnorma...
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