608 Results Found

The present study evaluated the effects of the prepartum administration of immunotropic preparations on the growth performance, physiological status, and metabolic profile of calves. Sixty pregnant Holstein cows were divided into three groups (n = 20...

Stress is a core concept in the mental health field that expands upon the seminal definition of stress as an acute response to the disruption of homeostasis. Stress is a complex process that involves both environmental challenges and the triggering o...

Development of the immune system of mammalian animal species parallels that of humans and involves the innate and adaptive (acquired) immune responses acting together with the thymus gland. Consequently, issues surrounding the adequacy and safety of...

Approximately 18% of U.S. children experience cognitive and behavioral challenges, with both genetic and environmental contributors. We examined if household insecticides, particularly those used in and around the home and on pets, are associated wit...

A wealth of research in neuroscience and developmental psychology has documented the lasting detrimental effects of adverse early-life experiences on health and psychological well-being. To investigate these effects, researchers have developed self-...

Early life is a critical window for immune system development, during which the gut microbiome shapes innate immunity, antigen presentation, and adaptive immune maturation. Disruptions in microbial colonization—driven by factors such as cesarea...

The early-life microbiome (ELM) interacts with the psychosocial environment, in particular during early-life adversity (ELA), defining life-long health trajectories. The ELM also plays a significant role in the maturation of the immune system. We hyp...

Consistent evidence from both experimental and human studies suggest that inadequate nutrition in early life can contribute to risk of developing metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adult life. In human populations, most findings s...

Adaptive Building Technologies have opened up a growing field of architectural research aimed at improving the overall building performance, ensuring comfort while reducing operational energy consumption. Focusing on flexibility over short timeframes...

Exposure to mild early-life stresses can slow down aging, and protein phosphorylation might be an essential regulator in this process. However, the mechanisms of phosphorylation-based signaling networks during mild early-life stress remain elusive. H...

Previous studies have suggested that immune system development and weaning stress are closely related to the maturation of gut microbiota. The early-life period is a “window of opportunity” for microbial colonization, which potentially ha...

Design decisions made in the early phases of the design process have a significant impact on the eventual performance of the completed building. Currently, computer-assisted methods offer limited support during the crucial stages of creating, assessi...

(1) Background: The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis links adverse fetal exposures with developmental mal-adaptations and morbidity later in life. Short- and long-term exposures to air pollutants are known contributors t...

Background: Although an increasing body of research shows that excessive screen time could impair brain development, whereas non-screen recreational activities can promote the development of adaptive emotion regulation and social skills, there is a l...

Adversity during early life, a critical period for brain development, increases vulnerability and can have a lasting impact on the brain and behaviour of a child. However, the long-term effects of cumulative early-life stressors on brain and behaviou...

Early-life respiratory viral infections represent a major global health burden and are key determinants of long-term susceptibility to chronic respiratory diseases. In neonates the immaturity of the immune system contributes to the high incidence and...

Stress responses enable vertebrates to adapt to environmental challenges while maintaining homeostasis. Zebrafish larvae are a valuable model for studying stress regulation due to their genetic accessibility and rapid development. This review examine...

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolically active organ that undergoes structural and functional remodeling under obesogenic conditions. Early-life stress, such as maternal separation (MS), may modulate these processes, but its depot-specific e...

Research on recruitment variability has gained momentum in the last years, undoubtedly due to the many unknowns related to climate change impacts. Knowledge about recruitment—the process of small, young fish transitioning to an older, larger li...

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance has emerged as a compelling mechanism by which early-life stress can shape behavior in descendants with no direct exposure to trauma. However, whether such heritable modifications affect subtle behavioral phen...

Neurodegeneration and cancer are fundamentally distinct disorders: one signifies gradual neuronal loss while the latter signifies uncontrolled cell growth and survival. However, emerging evidence explores an inverse association between these conditio...

Early-life adversity may have programming effects on neuroendocrine and immune adaptation mechanisms in humans and socially living animals. Using a pig model, we investigated the effect of daily 2-h maternal and littermate deprivation from postnatal...

Stress is a ubiquitous experience that can be adaptive or maladaptive. Physiological stress regulation, or allostasis, can be disrupted at any point along the regulatory pathway resulting in adverse effects for the individual. Children with cancer ex...

Several studies have shown that the oxidative impact of pesticides is most prevalent in rural environments where they are intensively used. At different levels, pyrethroids are reported to promote neurodegeneration; they share the ability to promote...

Freshwater fishes are one of the most threatened animal taxa in North America. In Canada, roughly 30% of the occurring species are currently listed and under protection, including redhorses. This review covers Moxostoma spp. ecology, biology, conserv...

Over recent decades, a substantial body of research has expanded our understanding of how early-life conditions influence long-term health. These observations led to the formulation of the Barker Hypothesis, which postulates that adverse nutritional...

Evolution enabled the human species to form attachment relationships, where a caregiver looks after a needy attacher. In early-life interactions with a parent-caregiver, the child-attacher acquires adaptive durable information—the attachment di...

Dairy cattle systems have targeted improvements in feed efficiency by selecting animals that can convert less feed into more products. Residual feed intake (RFI) has been the index of choice when selecting dairy cattle for feed efficiency. Nonetheles...

Background: An increased incidence of adult-onset heart failure is seen in individuals born preterm or affected by fetal growth restriction. An adverse maternal environment is associated with both preterm birth and poor fetal development, and postnat...

Early-life rearing of animals is critical for their lifelong productivity, health, and the quality/safety of livestock products. EHE, a feed additive with growth-promoting, antibacterial, and immunity-enhancing properties, was tested for effects on p...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential to cellular protection against heat stress. However, the causes of inter-individual variation in HSP regulation remain unclear. This study aimed to test the impact of early-life conditions on the HSP response...

In personalized nutrition, dietary guidelines must be adapted to the physiological and developmental needs of individuals across the lifespan, especially during childhood and adolescence. These should account for nutritional status, health conditions...

Perinatal exposure to environmental toxicants, even at regulatory relevant doses, can disrupt molecular programming during critical developmental windows, with long-term consequences for organ function and disease risk. We investigated sex-specific h...

The gastrointestinal system where inflammatory bowel disease occurs is central to the immune system where the innate and the adaptive/acquired immune systems are balanced in interactions with gut microbes under homeostasis conditions. This article ov...

When influenza A virus infects an immune individual, preexisting memory B cell (MBC) activation and rapid anamnestic antibody production plays a key role in viral clearance. The most effective neutralizing antibodies target the antigenically variable...

Emphasizing their evolutionarily conserved role in stress adaptation mechanisms, ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) are observed to be downregulated in various stressors and across phyla. However, this evolutionarily conserved stress response is not well...

Background/Objectives: Prematurity is a significant global health concern, often associated with neurodevelopmental challenges. Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4 (SLC6A4), the gene encoding the serotonin transporter, a key component in serotonin reupt...

Background/Objectives: Exercise supports physical and cognitive health through neurotrophin-mediated pathways, with irisin playing a key role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. As adolescence represents a period of heightened neuroplasticity...

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) as a cultivated fish species has huge importance all over the world. According to FAO statistics, carp is the third most widely bred freshwater pond fish species; only two other Cyprinids (silver carp and grass carp)...

The objective of this study was to investigate how subcutaneous (sc) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration affects the gene expression profiles of insulin signaling as well as innate and adaptive immunity genes in mouse livers and spleens. FVB/N fe...

The stress response is a natural physiological reaction of the organism, elicited to maintain the internal environment and evoke adaptive behaviors, ultimately leading to survival. However, at the turn of the century, stress-related disorders gained...

Background: Childhood obesity is a persistent global health challenge, often rooted in early-life dietary patterns shaped within the home environment. Objective: To investigate the association between parents’ culinary skills, children’s...

Background/Objectives: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity in children under five, with over 75% experiencing recurrent episodes and an increased risk of asthma by school age, particularly following respiratory syncyt...

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is an inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism, arising from silencing of the Fmr1 gene and loss of Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein critically involved in neurodevel...

(1) Background: Anemia has comprehensive adverse effects on the growth and development of children. In this study, we analyzed the potential effects of different types of anemia on early-life neurobehavioral development. (2) Methods: A total of 2601...

The gut microbiota plays a central role in host energy metabolism and the development of metabolic disorders, partly through its influence on mitochondrial function. Probiotic supplementation, particularly with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, has been pr...

Estuaries serve as important nursery habitats for various species of early-life stage fish, but can experience cooccurring acidification and hypoxia that can vary diurnally in intensity. This study examines the effects of acidification (pH 7.2–...

Increasing evidence exists for an association between early life fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure and several neurodevelopmental outcomes, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the association between PM_2.5 and adaptive and cogni...

Adaptability is a crucial yet often misunderstood aspect of sustainable architecture. This study explores how adaptability can be systematically embedded from the early design phase through construction, use, and eventual transformation or repurposin...

Emerging evidence suggests that early bilingual experience constrains the development of attentional processes in infants, and that some of these early bilingual adaptations could last into adulthood. However, it is not known whether the early adapta...