The Sporadic-E (Es) layer is an often-observed phenomenon at high latitudes; however, our understanding of the polar cap Es layer is severely limited due to the scarce number of measurements. Here, the first comprehensive study of the polar cap Es la...
GaN cap layer with different thicknesses was grown on each InGaN well layer during MOCVD growth for InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) samples to study the influence of the cap layer on the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of MQWs. Through t...
We fabricated and characterized AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a nano-sized in situ cap layer (one is a silicon carbon nitride (SiCN) layer, and the other is a silicon nitride (SiN) layer) comparing to the conventional devi...
We investigated the effects of in situ silicon carbon nitride (SiCN) cap layer of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on DC, capacitance-voltage (C-V) and low-frequency noise (LFN). The proposed device with SiCN cap layer exhibited e...
In this study, AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) with an AlN cap layer and a GaN cap layer were fabricated. The devices were of different sizes. Capacitance–voltage (C-V) and current–voltage (I-V) curves were meas...
The effect of an ultrathin TiO2 capping layer on an anatase Ti0.95Co0.05O2−δ (001) epitaxial thin film on magnetism at 300 K was investigated. Films with a capping layer showed increased magnetization mainly caused by enhanced out-of-plane magnetizat...
The root cap, a small tissue at the tip of the root, protects the root from environmental stress and functions in gravity perception. To perform its functions, the position and size of the root cap remains stable throughout root growth. This occurs d...
We examined the effects of aluminum (Al) capping layer thickness on the electrical performance and stability of high-mobility indium–gallium–tin oxide (IGTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The Al capping layers with thicknesses (tAls) of 3...
This study investigates the effects of annealing on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with different capping layers and correlates them with microstructural changes. It is found that th...
Nanocrystalline diamond capping layers have been demonstrated to improve thermal management for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. To improve the RF devices, the application of the technology, the technological approaches and device characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs...
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as a primary pollutant in industrial-contaminated sites or polluted soils, cause severe damage to the soil. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the transport of VOCs in soil is imperative to develop effectiv...
In this study, the effects of capping layers with different metals on the electrical performance and stability of p-channel SnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) were examined. Ni- or Pt-capped SnO TFTs exhibit a higher field-effect mobility (μFE), a l...
With the ongoing development of electronic devices, there is an increasing demand for new semiconductors beyond traditional silicon. A key element in electronic circuits, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), utilizes both n-type and p-type...
Reactive co-sputtering was applied to deposit TaN-(Ag,Cu) nanocomposite films on Si and tool steels. Prior to post-deposition annealing, the films were deposited with TaN cap (diffusion barrier) layers in various thicknesses in order to slow down the...
Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) spectra of HgTe/CdHgTe heterostructures with double quantum wells with different cap layers have been studied in the radiation excitation range 0.62–3.1 eV. We have shown that the material of the cap layer def...
This study investigated the low contact resistivity and Schottky barrier characteristics in p-GaN by modifying the thickness and doping levels of a p-InGaN cap layer. A comparative analysis with highly doped p-InGaN revealed the key mechanisms contri...
We utilized Ni as a floating capping layer in p-channel SnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) to improve their electrical performances. By utilizing the Ni as a floating capping layer, the p-channel SnO TFT showed enhanced mobility as high as 10.5 cm2&mid...
A p-GaN HEMT with an AlGaN cap layer was grown on a low resistance SiC substrate. The AlGaN cap layer had a wide band gap which can effectively suppress hole injection and improve gate reliability. In addition, we selected a 0° angle and low resi...
This research investigates the static and cyclic characteristics of recycled glass (RG) as a supplementary material with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in the rail track capping layer. RG was blended by-weight with RCA in 10% increments up to 50%...
Carbon-based hole transport material (HTM)-free perovskite solar cells have exhibited a promising commercialization prospect, attributed to their outstanding stability and low manufacturing cost. However, the serious charge recombination at the inter...
This paper presents the results of an investigation of direct laser writing on a titanium film with an antireflection capping silicon coating. Bi-layer films were deposited on fused silica substrates using an e-beam evaporation system. Modeling predi...
X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements (core levels and valence bands) were made of Cu thin films that were prepared and coated by capping Ta layers with different thicknesses (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 Å)...
The influence of the outer reinforcement layers on the repair structure and aerodynamic performance was studied. Firstly, a continuous damage mechanics model was established, and the 3D Hashin criterion and cohesive zone material model were used to a...
Hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of undecanoate-cappedmagnetite (Fe3O4, average diameter ca. 5 nm) are used to control quantized electron transferto surface-confined redox units and metal NPs. A two-phase system consisting of anaqu...
The long-term safe storage of CO2 in geological reservoirs requires the understanding of the impact of CO2 on clay-rich sealing cap rocks. The reactivity of the mixed layer of illite-smectite was investigated to determine the reaction pathways under...
Tunable structural colors have a multitude of applications in the beautification of mobile devices, in the decoration of artwork, and in the creation of color filters. In this paper, we describe a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) design that can be used t...
The growing population and urbanization rates in developing countries causes huge pressure on the construction sector to aid the equivalent infrastructure growth. Natural resources are essential to attain the required infrastructure needs. The demand...
The phosphate extraction and processing has followed a traditional linear consumption model, where wastes are continuously produced and surface land is filled in rock piles. Thus, to promote a circular economy in a mining context, more eco-friendly a...
The Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium demonstrates the national benefits of USA Federal collaboration. Starting in the mid-1990s as a small group with the straightforward goal of compiling a comprehensive national Landsat datase...
Soils, sediments, and water require careful stewardship for the planet’s security to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) set from the United Nations. However, the contamination of these natural resources can damage ecological and h...
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are a promising material for smart windows that are capable of transmittance variation. However, ECDs are still too expensive to achieve a wide market reach. Reducing fabrication cost remains a challenge. In this study,...
The κ-phase gallium oxide (κ-Ga2O3) has emerged as a promising material for next-generation electronic devices owing to its ultra-wide band gap, remarkable spontaneous polarization and unique ferroelectricity. We have investigated the two...
This paper presents the electromigration (EM) performance of an embedded trace redistribution layer (ETR) in which the Cu trace features a rounded-bottom cross-sectional geometry and is encapsulated by a Ti barrier layer except for the top surface, w...
The utilization of CoFeB thin films in spintronic devices has attracted significant attention due to their exceptional magnetic properties, which include high saturation magnetization and spin polarization. However, the effect of ambient temperature...
Recently, thin AlAs capping layers (CLs) on InAs quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) have been shown to yield better photovoltaic efficiency compared to traditional QDSCs. Although it has been proposed that this improvement is due to the suppression of t...
This study aimed to investigate the Hg removal efficiency of iron sulfide (FeS), sulfurized activated carbon (SAC), and raw activated carbon (AC) sorbents influenced by salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the effectiveness of these sorbe...
Thermocompression bonding for wafer-level hermetic packaging was demonstrated at the lowest temperature of 370 to 390 °C ever reported using Al films with thin Sn capping or insertions as bonding layer. For shrinking the chip size of MEMS (micro elec...
The synthesis, structure and properties of the bimetallic layered coordination polymer, [KDy(C8H3NO6)3(C8H5NO6)]n·2n(C10H9N2)·5n(H2O) = [KDy(Hptc)3(H3ptc)]n·2n(Hbipy)·5n(H2O), are described. The Dy3+ ion is coordinated by three O,N,O-tridentate doubl...
This review article attempts to provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in cerium oxide (CeO2)-based resistive random-access memories (RRAMs). CeO2 is considered the most promising candidate because of its multiple oxidation states (Ce3...
Positively-charged ε-poly(l-lysine) (ε-PL) and negatively-charged carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were alternately deposited on a cellulose paper surface by the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique. The formation of ε-PL/CMC multilayers was confirme...
Chiral and achiral vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy was performed in the 1400–1700 and 2800–3800 cm−1 range to study the interfacial structure of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) adsorbed on polyethyleneimine...
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disorder. As patients with XP are deficient in nucleotide excision repair, they show severe photosensitivity symptoms. Although skin protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation is ess...
Road layers should be properly compacted to obtain an adequate bearing capacity and durability. Both the unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures used in the layers require compaction. After compaction and hardening, soil mixed with a binder acquires...
ND-GAr is one of three detector systems in the design of the DUNE Near Detector complex, which will be located on the Fermilab campus, sixty meters underground and 570 m from the source of an intense neutrino beam. ND-GAr will consist of a cylindrica...
Capacitive energy extraction based on double layer expansion (CDLE) is a renewable method of harvesting energy from the salinity difference between seawater and freshwater. It is based on the change in properties of the electric double layer (EDL) fo...
This research analyzes the implementation of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in Building Information Modeling for Bridges (BrIM) for the structural monitoring and analysis of the Villena Rey Bridge, considering that bridges undergo progressive deter...
In flotation, a bubble acts as a carrier for attached particles. The properties of the gas–liquid interface of the bubble are one of the main factors determining the bubble motion and flotation efficiency. Monitoring of the bubble motion may de...
Two dimensional atomic crystals, like grapheme (G) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), exhibit great interest in electronic and optoelectronic applications. The excellent physical properties, such as transparency, semiconductivity, and flexibility, make...
As a crucial reserve for natural gas, the safe operation of underground gas storage facilities is paramount for seasonal peak shaving and emergency supply security. Focusing on the Lei X gas storage facility in the Liaohe Basin of China, this study d...
Thermal degradation of InGaN quantum dots (QDs) during the temperature ramp for GaN quantum-barrier growth can compromise micro-light-emitting-diode active regions. Five-period InGaN/GaN QD structures with low-temperature-grown GaN (LT-GaN) caps of 0...
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