Discussion forums are a valuable source of information in educational platforms such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), as users can exchange opinions or even help other students in an asynchronous way, contributing to the sustainability of MOOC...
MOOCs (massive open online courses) have a built-in forum where learners can share experiences as well as ask questions and get answers. Nevertheless, the work of the learners in the MOOC forum is usually not taken into account when calculating their...
Powdery mildew has become a significant disease affecting the yield and quality of rubber trees in recent years. It typically manifests on the leaf surface at an early stage, rapidly infecting and spreading throughout the leaves. Therefore, early det...
Automated short-answer grading (ASAG) in educational contexts faces a fundamental trade-off between predictive performance, interpretability, and methodological transparency, particularly under data-constrained educational settings. While recent appr...
Apple grading is an essential part of the apple marketing process to achieve high profits. In this paper, an improved YOLOv5 apple grading method is proposed to address the problems of low grading accuracy and slow grading speed in the apple grading...
We aimed to develop and evaluate an automatic prediction system for grading histopathological images of prostate cancer. A total of 10,616 whole slide images (WSIs) of prostate tissue were used in this study. The WSIs from one institution (5160 WSIs)...
Chinese jasmine tea is a type of flower-scented tea, which is produced by mixing green tea with the Jasminum sambac flower repeatedly. Both the total amount and composition of volatiles absorbed from the Jasminum sambac flower are mostly responsible...
Fruit quality plays an important role in the agricultural economy. However, low efficiency and inaccurate detection in manual fruit grading has led to reduced fruit quality assurance. To solve these problems, an automatic fruit grading system for sev...
Jupyter notebooks provide an interactive programming environment that allows writing code, text, equations, and multimedia resources. They are widely used as a teaching support tool in computer science and engineering courses. However, manual grading...
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a deep-learning-based assessment system could facilitate preoperative grading of meningioma. This was a retrospective study conducted at two institutions covering 643 patients. The system, designed w...
Background and Objectives: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common cause of symptomatic axial low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the standard for the investigation and diagnosis of IDD. Deep learning artificial in...
The Gleason grading system is generally used for histological grading of prostate cancer. In this paper, we first introduce using the Shearlet transform and its coefficients as texture features for automatic Gleason grading. The Shearlet transform is...
Facial palsy caused by nerve damage results in loss of facial symmetry and expression. A reliable palsy grading system for large-scale applications is still missing in the literature. Although numerous approaches have been reported on facial palsy qu...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common fundus disease that leads to irreversible blindness, which plagues the working-age population. Automatic medical imaging diagnosis provides a non-invasive method to assist ophthalmologists in timely screening of...
The excellent “mirror” effect of medium and high-strength aluminum alloy profiles from the 6-series, achieved through anodizing, is highly valued by customers. Metallographic analysis is a key method for predicting the anodizing effect. H...
Skin image analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) has recently attracted significant research interest, particularly for analyzing skin images captured by mobile devices. Acne is one of the most common skin conditions with profound effects in se...
Defective eggs diminish the value of laying hen production, particularly in cage-free systems with a higher incidence of floor eggs. To enhance quality, machine vision and image processing have facilitated the development of automated grading and def...
This paper discusses the excavator’s actual productivity in trenching and grading operations. In these tasks, the quantity of material moved is not significant; precision within specified tolerances is the key focus. The manual methods for prod...
Computer-assisted grading plays an important role in an educational context, mainly by reducing the workload of teachers in manual scoring. While electronic choice surveys have long been used in many web applications, automatic scoring of open-ended...
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease in the world. In primary healthcare, knee OA is diagnosed using clinical examination and radiographic assessment. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas of OA ra...
One of the most time-consuming activities in higher education is reviewing and grading student evaluations. Rapid and effective feedback of evaluations, along with an appropriate assessment strategy, can significantly improve students’ performa...
Identifying breast masses is relevant in early cancer detection. Automatic identification using computational methods helps assist medical experts with this task. Although high values have been reported in breast mass classification from digital mamm...
The advent of digital technology has revolutionized numerous aspects of modern life, including the field of assessment and testing. However, paper tests, despite their seemingly archaic nature, continue to hold a prominent position in various assessm...
This study examines the effectiveness of a fine-tuned generative AI system—trained with a domain question bank—for question generation and automated grading in programming education, and evaluates its instructional usability. Methodologic...
Reliable evaluation of large language models (LLMs) for educational use requires benchmarks that reflect exam constraints, instructor grading practices, and the operational consequences of thresholded decisions. This paper introduces ExamQ-Gen, an in...
The automation of educational and instructional assessment plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of teaching management. In physics education, calculation problems with intricate problem-solving ideas pose challenges to the intelligent gradin...
Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis is made by a pathologist who analyzes a portion of the breast tissue under the microscope and performs a histological evaluation. This evaluation aims to determine the grade of cellular differentiation and the aggressiven...
Effective, robust, and automatic tools for brain tumor segmentation are needed for the extraction of information useful in treatment planning. Recently, convolutional neural networks have shown remarkable performance in the identification of tumor re...
The rapid growth of programming education and online learning environments has increased the demand for scalable and reliable assessment methods. Although many automated grading approaches exist, the literature spans traditional test-based methods an...
Short-answer questions can encourage students to express their understanding. However, these answers can vary widely, leading to subjective assessments. Automatic short answer grading (ASAG) has become an important field of research. Recent studies h...
The identification of light stress is crucial for light control in plant factories. Image-based lighting classification of leafy vegetables has exhibited remarkable performance with high convenience and economy. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has...
The graded management of structured sensitive data has become a key challenge in data security governance, particularly amid digital transformation in sectors such as government, finance, and healthcare. The existing methods suffer from limited gener...
Corrosion in the sheets produced leads to significant material losses, including the loss of resources, capital, labor, energy and knowledge. Corrosion control is significant for sheets produced and sent to customers in iron and steel factories. Surf...
Wearable sensors provide a tool for at-home monitoring of motor impairment progression in neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study examined the ability of deep learning approaches to grade the motor impairment severi...
The automatic classification of ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) grade groups in prostate histopathological images remains challenging due to the high similarity between adjacent classes, class imbalance, and label noise. In this...
This study describes a novel method for grading pathological sections of gliomas. Our own integrated hyperspectral imaging system was employed to characterize 270 bands of cancerous tissue samples from microarray slides of gliomas. These samples were...
A nondestructive detection method that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and photoluminescence (PL) imaging was proposed for the multi-classification and multi-grading of defects during the fabrication process of silicon solar cells. In thi...
Assessment is fundamental to programming education; however, it is a labour-intensive and complicated process, especially in extensive learning contexts where it relies significantly on human teachers. This paper presents an automated grading methodo...
Automated scoring systems have been revolutionized by natural language processing, enabling the evaluation of students’ diverse answers across various academic disciplines. However, this presents a challenge as students’ responses may var...
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a deep learning system in pterygium grading and recurrence prediction. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective study. Slit-lamp photographs, from patients with or without pter...
To minimize production costs, reduce mistakes, and improve consistency, modern-day slaughterhouses have turned to automated technologies for operations such as cutting, deboning, etc. One of the most vital operations in the slaughterhouse is carcass...
We compared the prediction efficiency of the multiple-joint space width (JSW) and the minimum-JSW on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) severity and progression by using a deep learning approach. A convolutional neural network (CNN) with ResU-Net architecture...
Large language models (LLMs) show promise for grading open-ended assessments but still exhibit inconsistent accuracy, systematic biases, and limited reliability across assignments. To address these concerns, we introduce SURE (Selective Uncertainty-b...
The large-scale evaluation of multiple-choice tests is a challenging task from the perspective of image processing. A typical instrument is a multiple-choice question test that employs an answer sheet with circles or squares. Once students have finis...
Machine vision and near-infrared light technology are widely used in fruits and vegetable grading, as an important means of agricultural non-destructive testing. The characteristics of fruits and vegetables can easily be automatically distinguished b...
A corneal ulcer is an open sore that forms on the cornea; it is usually caused by an infection or injury and can result in ocular morbidity. Early detection and discrimination between different ulcer diseases reduces the chances of visual disability....
Most of classification, quality evaluation or grading of the flue-cured tobacco leaves are manually operated, which relies on the judgmental experience of experts, and inevitably limited by personal, physical and environmental factors. The classifica...
The early detection and grade diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are very important for the avoidance of blindness, and using deep learning methods to automatically diagnose DR has attracted great attention. However, the small amount of DR data l...
Traditional fundus image-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading depends on the examiner’s experience, requiring manual annotations on the fundus image and also being time-consuming. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) combined with artificial inte...
Automatically assessing code for learning purposes is a challenging goal to achieve. On-site courses and online ones developed for distance learning both require automated ways to grade learners’ programs to be able to scale and manage a large...
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