Three-dimensional microstructures of bainitic ferrites and prior austenite grains (PAGs) were observed in the initial stage of upper bainite transformation by using a serial sectioning technique and orientation analysis by electron back scattering di...
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology for space targets can provide information support such as target structures and dimensions for space missions including on-orbit services and fault diagnosis, which is crucial for maintaining the norma...
In this paper, we propose a method for the three-dimensional (3D) image visualization of objects under photon-starved conditions using multiple observations and statistical estimation. To visualize 3D objects under these conditions, photon counting i...
Long-range single-photon LiDAR is limited by stop-and-go acquisition overhead and uncertain spatial attribution during scanner motion. We present a motion–acquisition-decoupled Poisson three-dimensional reconstruction framework in which scannin...
This study measured three-dimensional facial fluctuating asymmetry in 600 normal and healthy Taiwanese individuals (6 to 12 years old) and assessed the perceptions of increasing levels of facial fluctuating asymmetric severity by using a panel compos...
In this paper, we propose new three-dimensional (3D) visualization of objects at long distance under photon-starved conditions. In conventional three-dimensional image visualization techniques, the visual quality of three-dimensional images may be de...
Cell observation is crucial in life science research, and advancements in microscopy are essential for deciphering biological phenomena. These technological developments have significantly enhanced our understanding of cellular mechanisms and process...
Accurately and timely estimating three-dimensional ocean states is crucial for improving operational ocean forecasting capabilities. Although satellite observations provide valuable evolutionary information, they are confined to surface-level variabl...
In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) path tracking control of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) under the action of sea currents was researched. A novel reward function was proposed to improve learning ability and a disturbance observer was...
A nonlinear-observer-based design methodology is proposed for an adaptive event-driven output-feedback tracking problem with guaranteed performance of uncertain underactuated underwater vehicles (UUVs) in six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF). A nonlinear o...
In this paper, we propose a lensless three-dimensional (3D) imaging under photon-starved conditions using diffraction grating and computational photon counting method. In conventional 3D imaging with and without the lens, 3D visualization of objects...
A three-dimensional electrical conductivity model of the mantle beneath South China is presented using the geomagnetic depth sounding method in this paper. The data misfit term in the inversion function is measured by the L1-norm to suppress the inst...
Melanin incorporated into keratinocytes plays an important role in photoprotection; however, abnormal melanin accumulation causes hyperpigmentary disorders. To understand the mechanism behind the accumulation of excess melanin in the skin, it is esse...
With traditional three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction methods for space targets, it is difficult to achieve 3-D structure and attitude reconstruction simultaneously. To tackle this problem, a 3-D reconstruction method for space targets is proposed,...
Three-dimensional (3D) cultured cells can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment more accurately than conventional monolayer cultures. Therefore, they are essential in cancer research and drug discovery. However, high-sensitivity fluorescence imagi...
This study evaluates a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) system with a 500 m horizontal grid spacing developed to provide mountain-focused rainfall guidance for forest disaster preparedness in South Korea. The system uses operational 1.5 km Loca...
To address the search-and-docking problem in multi-stage prescribed performance switching (MPPS) scenarios, this paper presents a novel compound control method for three-dimensional (3D) underwater trajectory tracking control of unmanned underwater v...
Photon-efficient LiDAR provides an active remote sensing pathway for long-range, low-light three-dimensional observation, but photon-limited reconstruction remains difficult when background events dominate sparse returns. In dynamic scenes, line-of-s...
Starting on 21 April 2015, unusual activity on the summit of Kīlauea was detected. Rapid summit inflation and a rising lava lake in Halema‘uma‘u crater were interpreted as early signs of imminent magma intrusion. We explored the three-dimensional (3...
The circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) has the ability of all-round continuous observation and high-resolution imaging detection, and can obtain all-round scattering information and higher-resolution images of the observation scene, so as to re...
Marine ranching is a stock enhancement project that has been an important part of aquaculture in China. Due to the lack of scientific management, disasters have occurred, resulting in millions of economic losses. Based on the observation system of ma...
Coastal mesoscale eddies are important oceanic structures partially responsible for regulating ocean-shelf exchanges. However, their description and characterization are challenging; observations are often too scarce for studying their physical prope...
This paper considers the problem of tracking a three-dimensional target under the condition that only a single two-dimensional radar is available. Since a two-dimensional radar can only measure the slant range and azimuth information relative to the...
We present a novel passive satellite remote sensing approach for observing the three-dimensional distribution of aerosols emitted from wildfires. This method, called AEROS5P, retrieves vertical profiles of aerosol extinction from cloud-free measureme...
The lack of dimensionality of ocean observations makes it difficult to utilize multi-scale data assimilation to correct model errors with limited observations. Since satellite observations can provide high-resolution and time-continuous sea surface i...
Introduction: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans should be digitally oriented using a reference plane before being evaluated for patient growth and treatment outcome. Current orientation planes are usually dependent on the Porion points. Usin...
To address the challenge of low trajectory tracking accuracy for underactuated unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) under external disturbances, this study proposes a method integrating backstepping control with improved active disturbance rejection c...
Observing students during mathematical learning experiences provides great insights into their mathematical experiences. Traditionally, observations in the mathematics classroom had a cognitive focus, examining teacher practice or students’ con...
Variation in soil water content in the delta plain has its own particularity and is significant for agricultural improvement, the utilization of water resources and flood risk mitigation. In this study, experimental data collected from a plot of farm...
We installed 10 continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) stations on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau at the end of 2012, in order to qualitatively investigate strain accumulation across the Liupanshan Fault (LPSF). We integrated our new...
This study proposes the use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing (RS) to support morphometric research for estimating the aerodynamic roughness length (
This paper presents an efficient method for securing navigation performance by suppressing divergence risk of LiDAR SLAM through a newly proposed geometric observability analysis in a three-dimensional point cloud map. For this, observability charact...
Background/Objectives: Facial palsy causes both functional and aesthetic impairments, with asymmetry significantly affecting quality of life. Botulinum toxin injections are increasingly used to restore facial balance by reducing contralateral hyperac...
Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling supports the design, construction, and risk assessment of underground and surface engineering projects. Observations may be insufficient because of cost, access, depth, and technical constraints, but informa...
Tornadoes are one of the most severe meteorological phenomena on the earth and their high winds cause serious damage to society. It is well known that vortices (mesocyclone or misocyclone, depending on their scale) in convective clouds contribute to...
Three-dimensional (3-d) magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) modeling is a key method for studying the interplanetary solar wind. In this paper, we introduce a new 3-d MHD solar wind model driven by the self-consistent boundary condition obtained from multiple...
This paper addresses the three-dimensional trajectory tracking control problem for the underactuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) operating in complex ocean environments characterized by dynamic disturbances and model uncertainties. A super-tw...
The Ordos Block in China experiences tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes due to compression from the Tibetan Plateau and extension from the North China Block. This has prompted the construction of a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) defor...
The 8 January 2022 Mw6.7 Menyuan earthquake was generated in the transition zone between the western Lenglongling fault and the eastern Tuolaishan fault, both being part of the Qilian–Haiyuan fault system with an important role in the adjustmen...
Reliable pedestrian perception in autonomous driving depends not only on detecting the target, but also on how completely and consistently its three-dimensional geometry is captured from different sensor viewpoints. This study presents a LiDAR-based...
This study was conducted to quantify the errors prompted by neglecting three-dimensional (3D) effects, i.e., beam-filling and horizontal photon transport effects, at millimeter/sub-millimeter wavelengths. This paper gives an overview of the 3D effect...
Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3D) navigated transsacral screw fixation in patients with sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF) who experienced inadequate mobilization after conservative management. Methods: We...
As one of the most prevailing geodetic tools, the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique can accurately obtain co-seismic displacements, but is limited to the one-dimensional line-of-sight (LOS) measurement. It is therefore diffic...
10 February 2023
As an important part of urban green infrastructure, the landscape effect of the urban waterfront green space varies, and sometimes, the green space with an excellent landscape aesthetic value fails to serve the needs of most citizens. This seriously...
In the original publication [...]
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between skeletal class and dental dimensions analyzed through linear, surface area, and volumetric measurements. Methods: The sample consisted of 90 patients with an average age of 18...
In the marine environment, the motion characteristics of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are influenced by unknown factors such as time-varying ocean currents, thereby amplifying the complexity involved in the design of path-following controlle...
Three-dimensional (3D) ocean physical fields are essential for understanding ocean dynamics, but reconstructing them solely from sea-surface remote sensing remains challenging. We present 3DV-Unet, an end-to-end deep learning framework that reconstru...
Central Asia (CA) is one of the major sources of global dust aerosols. They pose a serious threat to regional climate change and environmental health and also make a significant contribution to the global dust load. However, there is still a gap in o...
Various structures that exist worldwide are three-dimensional. Consequently, evaluating only two-dimensional cross-sectional structures is insufficient for analysing all worldwide structures. In this study, we interpreted the generalised fractal-dime...
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