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Recent Advances in Ocean Physics, Geochemistry and Biology from Unmanned Marine Vehicles

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2022) | Viewed by 13785

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuri Cotroneo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Naples "Parthenope", Italy
Interests: ocean properties and dynamics from basin scale to submesoscale; unmanned marine vehicles applications in physical and biological oceanography
Dr. Simon Ruiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
MEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
Interests: dynamics of the upper ocean with emphasis on the mesoscale and submesoscale processes; merging in-situ and remote sensing observations
Dr. Pierre Testor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNRS/LOCEAN
Interests: I am concerned with ocean variability with emphasis on observations of ocean circulation and mixing using various platforms, and gliders in particular. I am more specifically interested in the regional oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea and the development of long-term ocean observatories in this hot spot of climate change and biodiversity, the meso and submeso scale phenomena and their role in the cross-slope exchanges, the winter water formation, and the physical-biological coupling.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern unmanned marine vehicles allow characterizing the sea surface and the water column from physical, chemical and biological points of view across a continuum of space and time scales. These new autonomous platforms have significantly changed how experiments are conducted and observations are recorded, in both the coastal and open oceans and in the transition zone in between.

This Special Issue provides an opportunity to publish novel results on all aspects of the scientific analysis of data collected with such platforms and in combination with other platforms on the coastal, regional, basin, or global scales. Topics can include the physical (e.g., hydrology, hydrodynamics, acoustic, optics), geochemical (e.g., nutrients), and biological (e.g. primary and secondary production, biomasses) variability of the ocean.

Manuscripts focusing on ocean processes on different spatial and temporal scales (from ocean turbulence to basin-wide circulation) and interactions between the ocean, atmosphere, and land are welcome. We also invite contributions on unmanned marine vehicles data management, the operational use of the data (e.g., in operational forecasting systems), and the development or implementation of new instrumentation and sensors.

 

Dr. Yuri Cotroneo
Dr. Simon Ruiz
Dr. Pierre Testor
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Unmanned Marine Vehicles - UMV
  • Multiplatform long term observations and process studies
  • Basin circulation, fronts and jet
  • Mesoscale processes
  • Mesoscale and submesoscale upper ocean and mixed layer processes
  • Physical, geochemical and biological interactions
  • Operational oceanography
  • Air-sea interactions
  • Currents, microsctructure turbulence
  • Biogeochemical cycles
  • Marine ecosystems and habitat mapping
  • Global/regional climatology
  • Marine environment assessment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 937 KiB  
Article
Verification and Validation of Hybridspectral Radiometry Obtained from an Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) in the Open and Coastal Oceans
by Stanford B. Hooker, Henry F. Houskeeper, Randall N. Lind, Raphael M. Kudela and Koji Suzuki
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(5), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051084 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1836
Abstract
The hardware and software capabilities of the compact-profiling hybrid instrumentation for radiometry and ecology (C-PHIRE) instruments on an unmanned surface vessel (USV) are evaluated. Both the radiometers and USV are commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products, with the latter being only minimally modified to deploy the [...] Read more.
The hardware and software capabilities of the compact-profiling hybrid instrumentation for radiometry and ecology (C-PHIRE) instruments on an unmanned surface vessel (USV) are evaluated. Both the radiometers and USV are commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products, with the latter being only minimally modified to deploy the C-PHIRE instruments. The hybridspectral C-PHIRE instruments consist of an array of 18 multispectral microradiometers with 10 nm wavebands spanning 320–875 nm plus a hyperspectral compact grating spectrometer (CGS) with 2048 pixels spanning 190–1000 nm. The C-PHIRE data were acquired and processed using two architecturally linked software packages, thereby allowing lessons learned in one to be applied to the other. Using standard data products and unbiased statistics, the C-PHIRE data were validated with those from the well-established compact-optical profiling system (C-OPS) and verified with the marine optical buoy (MOBY). Agreement between algorithm variables used to estimate colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption and chlorophyll a concentration were also validated. Developing and operating novel technologies, such as the C-PHIRE series of instruments, deployed on a USV increase the frequency and coverage of optical observations, which are required to fully support the present and next-generation validation exercises in radiometric remote sensing of aquatic ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ocean Physics, Geochemistry and Biology from Unmanned Marine Vehicles)
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21 pages, 5559 KiB  
Article
Near-Coast Tide Model Validation Using GNSS Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), a Case Study in the Pertuis Charentais (France)
by Yann-Treden Tranchant, Laurent Testut, Clémence Chupin, Valérie Ballu and Pascal Bonnefond
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(15), 2886; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152886 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2302
Abstract
Nowadays, uncertainties related to the determination of ocean tides remain a major issue for the exploitation of altimetry data in coastal areas. Using Sea Surface Height (SSH) observations from a new GNSS-based system mounted on an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), we develop a [...] Read more.
Nowadays, uncertainties related to the determination of ocean tides remain a major issue for the exploitation of altimetry data in coastal areas. Using Sea Surface Height (SSH) observations from a new GNSS-based system mounted on an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), we develop a crossover methodology to assess tide models under altimetry tracks. To this purpose, we address the Pertuis Charentais area, a semi enclosed sea located in the centre of the Bay of Biscay (France), as a field and modelling case study. We have developed a barotropic model configuration, based on SCHISM platform, using tidal elevations of an up-to-date regional atlas as boundary conditions. To test the impact of boundary conditions, we propose a second configuration where we applied uniform empirical biases in phases and amplitudes on M3 and MN4 constituents. In addition, the survey was designed to highlight the contribution of third and fourth-diurnal waves that are strongly amplified on the shelf and is used to assess model performances under the pass 216 of Sentinel-3A. Our results show that the second configuration reduces the Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of the survey crossover residuals by more than 60%, leading to half of the residuals below 2.5 cm. This improved solution also reduces by 20% the RMSE computed with data from tide gauges located in the inner part of the Pertuis Charentais. Therefore, our study reinforces the importance for coastal tide modelling of an accurate tidal forcing, especially for shallow water waves. We finally discuss the impact of the remaining M4 error on crossover residual heights. By introducing an empirical correction term based on M4 observations at tide gauges, we further reduce the RMSE of crossover residuals by 15–25%. With this innovative study, we demonstrate the interest of combining crossover validation methods and USV systems to spatially extend our understanding of coastal areas dynamics. This will be crucial in the scope of the future SWOT mission, for which the tide correction accuracy must be assessed over the large-extent areas covered by swaths observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ocean Physics, Geochemistry and Biology from Unmanned Marine Vehicles)
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23 pages, 19637 KiB  
Article
The Dynamical Structure of a Warm Core Ring as Inferred from Glider Observations and Along-Track Altimetry
by Thomas Meunier, Enric Pallás Sanz, Charly de Marez, Juan Pérez, Miguel Tenreiro, Angel Ruiz Angulo and Amy Bower
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(13), 2456; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132456 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2554
Abstract
This study investigates the vertical structure of the dynamical properties of a warm-core ring in the Gulf of Mexico (Loop Current ring) using glider observations. We introduce a new method to correct the glider’s along-track coordinate, which is, in general, biased by the [...] Read more.
This study investigates the vertical structure of the dynamical properties of a warm-core ring in the Gulf of Mexico (Loop Current ring) using glider observations. We introduce a new method to correct the glider’s along-track coordinate, which is, in general, biased by the unsteady relative movements of the glider and the eddy, yielding large errors on horizontal derivatives. Here, we take advantage of the synopticity of satellite along-track altimetry to apply corrections on the glider’s position by matching in situ steric height with satellite-measured sea surface height. This relocation method allows recovering the eddy’s azimuthal symmetry, precisely estimating the rotation axis position, and computing reliable horizontal derivatives. It is shown to be particularly appropriate to compute the eddy’s cyclo-geostrophic velocity, relative vorticity, and shear strain, which are otherwise out of reach when using the glider’s raw traveled distance as a horizontal coordinate. The Ertel potential vorticity (PV) structure of the warm core ring is studied in details, and we show that the PV anomaly is entirely controlled by vortex stretching. Sign reversal of the PV gradient across the water column suggests that the ring might be baroclinically unstable. The PV gradient is also largely controlled by gradients of the vortex stretching term. We also show that the ring’s total energy partition is strongly skewed, with available potential energy being 3 times larger than kinetic energy. The possible impact of this energy partition on the Loop Current rings longevity is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ocean Physics, Geochemistry and Biology from Unmanned Marine Vehicles)
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22 pages, 2949 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Characterization of a Coastal Mode-Water Eddy from Multiplatform Observations and a Data Reconstruction Method
by Ivan Manso-Narvarte, Anna Rubio, Gabriel Jordà, Jeffrey Carpenter, Lucas Merckelbach and Ainhoa Caballero
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(4), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040674 - 13 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2302
Abstract
Coastal mesoscale eddies are important oceanic structures partially responsible for regulating ocean-shelf exchanges. However, their description and characterization are challenging; observations are often too scarce for studying their physical properties and environmental impacts at the required spatio-temporal resolution. Therefore, models and data extrapolation [...] Read more.
Coastal mesoscale eddies are important oceanic structures partially responsible for regulating ocean-shelf exchanges. However, their description and characterization are challenging; observations are often too scarce for studying their physical properties and environmental impacts at the required spatio-temporal resolution. Therefore, models and data extrapolation methods are key tools for this purpose. Observations from high-frequency radar, one satellite and two gliders, are used here to better characterize the three-dimensional structure of a coastal mode-water eddy from a multiplatform approach in the southeastern Bay of Biscay in spring 2018. After the joint analysis of the observations, a three-dimensional data reconstruction method is applied to reconstruct the eddy current velocity field and estimate the associated water volume transport. The target eddy is detected by surface observations (high-frequency radar and satellite) for two weeks and presents similar dimensions and lifetimes as other eddies studied previously in the same location. However, this is the first time that the water column properties are also observed for this region, which depicts a mode-water eddy behavior, i.e., an uplift of the isopycnals in the near-surface and a downlift deeper in the water column. The reconstructed upper water column (1–100 m) eddy dynamics agree with the geostrophic dynamics observed by one of the gliders and result in cross-shelf inshore (offshore) volume transports between 0.04 (−0.01) and 0.15 (−0.11) Sv. The multiplatform data approach and the data reconstruction method are here highlighted as useful tools to characterize and three-dimensionally reconstruct coastal mesoscale processes in coastal areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ocean Physics, Geochemistry and Biology from Unmanned Marine Vehicles)
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22 pages, 7626 KiB  
Article
Glider-Based Active Acoustic Monitoring of Currents and Turbidity in the Coastal Zone
by Mathieu Gentil, Gaël Many, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Pierre Cauchy, Ivane Pairaud, Pierre Testor, Romaric Verney and François Bourrin
Remote Sens. 2020, 12(18), 2875; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12182875 - 4 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3755
Abstract
The recent integration of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) onto underwater gliders changes the way current and sediment dynamics in the coastal zone can be monitored. Their endurance and ability to measure in all weather conditions increases the probability of capturing sporadic meteorological [...] Read more.
The recent integration of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) onto underwater gliders changes the way current and sediment dynamics in the coastal zone can be monitored. Their endurance and ability to measure in all weather conditions increases the probability of capturing sporadic meteorological events, such as storms and floods, which are key elements of sediment dynamics. We used a Slocum glider equipped with a CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth), an optical payload, and an RDI 600 kHz phased array ADCP. Two deployments were carried out during two contrasting periods of the year in the Rhone River region of freshwater influence (ROFI). Coastal absolute currents were reconstructed using the shear method and bottom tracking measurements, and generally appear to be in geostrophic balance. The responses of the acoustic backscatter index and optical turbidity signals appear to be linked to changes of the particle size distribution in the water column. Significantly, this study shows the interest of using a glider-ADCP for coastal zone monitoring. However, the comparison between suspended particulate matter dynamics from satellites and gliders also suggests that a synoptic view of the processes involved requires a multiplatform approach, especially in systems with high spatial and temporal variability, such as the Rhone ROFI area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ocean Physics, Geochemistry and Biology from Unmanned Marine Vehicles)
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