The Smart Grid is a cyber-integrated power grid that manages electricity generation, transmission, and distribution to consumers and central to its functioning is the substation. However, integrating cyber-infrastructure into the substation has incre...
Ensuring the physical security of electric power substations is crucial for maintaining a reliable supply of electricity. The increasing prevalence of physical threats, such as physical attacks, vandalism, sabotage, etc., on electric power substation...
The digitization of electrical substations brings great challenges for the commissioning of electrical protections, and interoperability tests must be performed with different equipment. Therefore, this work evaluates the response time of an electric...
The critical importance of optimal substation placement intensifies as the world experiences sustained economic expansion and firmly pursues the decarbonization process. This paper develops an integrative approach to determining the optimal location...
The transition from conventional to fully digital substations represents a major transformation in power system communication, protection, and automation. This paper presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of migration strategies, IEC 61850-bas...
Substations are becoming increasingly reliant on international electrotechnical commission (IEC)-61850-enabled devices. However, device compatibility with these standards does not guarantee interoperability when devices are taken from different manuf...
The generation of the mix-based expansion of modern power grids has urged the utilization of digital infrastructures. The introduction of Substation Automation Systems (SAS), advanced networks and communication technologies have drastically increased...
Visions of energy transition focus on activating end users, meaning that numerous flexible-distribution network-level devices become active participants in power-system operations. This implies a fast, reliable, and secure exchange of data, enabling...
As an important part of the power industry, carbon reduction technology in substations plays a key role in supporting the implementation of national policy of carbon peak and reduction. In recent years, a series of carbon emission reduction measures...
Smart substations are an important trend in substation construction. With increasing data traffic, it is difficult for the traditional Ethernet network to meet the real-time requirements of control information in smart substations. Hence, in this pap...
The paper deals with the reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) of a transmission substation. The process of the planning and actual performance of maintenance was carried out using an optimization algorithm. This maintenance procedure represents the...
The electricity load increases significantly with the development of the economy, which raises the issue of scarce land resources; therefore, the application of whole-indoor urban substations has become more and more extensive. However, both the clos...
Increasing power consumption and reliance on non-predictable renewable power generation is pushing the transition from analog to digital power grid substations forward. Grid digitalization helps to reduce substation complexity and therefore costs, an...
The scientific community is active in developing new models and methods to help reach the ambitious target set by UN SDGs7: universal access to electricity by 2030. Efficient planning of distribution networks is a complex and multivariate task, which...
In recent years, the State Grid of China has placed significant emphasis on the monitoring of noise in substations, driven by growing environmental concerns. This paper presents a substation noise monitoring system designed based on an end-network-cl...
This paper presents the application of quantitative and qualitative methods to assess reliability and security in urban electrical substations. The method is a visual technique based on a conceptual analysis of the different substation configurations...
This paper investigates the possible options for achieving a substantial reduction in a substation footprint using air-insulated switchgear as a more environmentally-friendly alternative to gas-insulated substations that use SF6 gas. Adopting a new a...
Power substations are the crucial nodes of an interconnected grid, serving as the points where power is transferred from the transmission/distribution grids to the loads. However, interconnected cyberphysical systems and communication-based operation...
The residual magnetic field in a magnetic shielding device with a multilayer high permeability material (permalloy) structure can be obtained at the nanotesla (nT) level or even lower. At present, in the process of designing a magnetic shielding devi...
Polluted flashover of insulators has always been a crucial hidden peril to the reliability of substation for supplying electricity. At present, the insulator of the substation is mainly cleaned manually in the case of power-cut, which greatly affects...
Substations are an important part of the power system, and the classification of abnormal substation scenes needs to be comprehensive and reliable. The abnormal scenes include multiple workpieces such as the main transformer body, insulators, dials,...
Being one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, Bangladesh needs to upgrade its electrical network and aim to reduce dependency on fossil fuel-based energy. For the aging and ever-expanding power network, it is necessary to have a smart subs...
Cybersecurity in Critical Infrastructures, especially Digital Substations, has garnered significant attention from both the industrial and academic sectors. A commonly adopted approach to support research in this area involves the use of datasets, wh...
Decentralized renewable energy sources will become fundamental to future energy systems. The energy transition toward decentralized energy sources creates opportunities and challenges for district heating companies. One of the proposed solutions for...
Hardwired sensor installations using proprietary protocols found in today’s district heating substations limit the potential usability of the sensors in and around the substations. If sensor resources can be shared and re-used in a variety of applica...
The smart-grid concept takes the communications from the enclosed and protected environment of a substation to the wider city or nationwide area. In this environment, cyber security takes a key role in order to secure the communications. The challeng...
The basic requirements for the design of a switchgear for main 35–220 kV step-down substations are reliability and efficiency. Switchgear circuits are chosen depending on the number of supply and transit lines and transformers, the substation&r...
With the continuous promotion of smart substations, staff fall detection has become a key issue in automatic detection of substations. The injuries and safety hazards caused by falls among substation personnel are numerous. If a timely response can b...
The growing scale of offshore wind farms and increasing transmission distances has driven the demand for optimized offshore substation (OSS) configurations. This study proposes a comprehensive techno-economic framework to minimize the total lifecycle...
Substations play a crucial role in the proper operation of power systems. Online fault diagnosis of substation equipment is critical for improving the safety and intelligence of power systems. Detecting the target equipment from an infrared image of...
When two-or-more-point grounding faults occur in the secondary circuit of a substation, they will lead to large data measurement errors in the protection, measurement, and control devices, which can easily cause protection malfunction. At present, th...
Current mainstream methods for detecting surface blemishes on substation equipment typically rely on extensive sets of blemish images for training. However, the unpredictable nature and infrequent occurrence of such blemishes present significant chal...
The use of mobile robots in substations improves maintenance efficiency and ensures the personal safety of staff working at substations, which is a trend in the development of technologies. Strong electric and solid magnetic fields around high-voltag...
The reliability of power delivery can be profoundly improved by preventing wildlife-related power outages. This can be achieved by insulating electrical substation components with non-conductive covers. The manufacture of custom-built covers requires...
In this paper, the effect of time synchronization error on protection algorithms are studied for the usage of the LAN-based collaborative protection. In order to derive the effect of time synchronization, this paper proposes a substation model which...
Green energy has become a media issue due to climate changes, and consequently, the population has become more aware of pollution. Wind farms are an essential energy production alternative to fossil energy. The incentive to produce wind energy was a...
As an important part of power transmission and conversion, it is of great significance to establish a scientific and comprehensive evaluation system for substations. However, the current research on substation evaluation focuses on economy and energy...
Since substations are key parts of power transmission, ensuring the safety of substations involves monitoring whether the substation equipment is in a normal state. Oil leakage detection is one of the necessary daily tasks of substation inspection ro...
With the global trend to digitalize substation automation systems, International Electro technical Commission 61850, a communication protocol defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission, has been given much attention to ensure consistent...
The electric power system infrastructure has begun to adopt digital information technologies such as transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) and Ethernet infrastructures. With this adoption, information technology-centric network and...
In smart substations, long-term operation and environmental disturbances accelerate equipment aging, often leading to abnormal operating states and frequent alarm events. These alarms provide important early indications of potential equipment faults....
This paper proposes an economical scheme to provide redundancy for protection in digital power sub-transmission and distribution substations. The scheme is based on Ethernet communication networks and uses the International Electrotechnical Commissio...
In this paper, we provide an approach for analyzing cyber security threats and attacks in digital substations, which is based on several steps we performed within our work on two Research Council of Norway (RCN) projects. In the literature, there are...
In Korea, the demand for complete underground installation of power distribution equipment installed on roads and green areas is increasing. In addition, KEPCO is making efforts to build a more reliable system for the underground distribution system....
Integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in modern smart grids (SGs) offers many advantages including the use of renewables and an effective way to protect, control and monitor the energy transmission and distribution. To reach a...
Auxiliary services are vital for the operation of a substation. If a contingency affects the distribution feeder that provides energy for the auxiliary services, it could lead to the unavailability of the substation’s service. Therefore, backup...
As a critical component of substations, the substation frames are characterized by significant height and span, which presents substantial challenges and risks in conducting dynamic response tests using traditional sensors. To simplify these difficul...
Oncogenic Ras proteins are known to present multiple conformational states, as reported by the great variety of crystallographic structures. The GTP-bound states are grouped into two main states: the “inactive” state 1 and the “acti...
Underground electrical substations play an increasingly significant role in urban economic development for the power supply of subways. However, in recent years, there have been few studies on the seismic performance of underground electrical substat...
Most electrical substations are remotely monitored and controlled by using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications. Current SCADA systems have been significantly enhanced by utilizing standardized communication protocols and the...
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