2,578 Results Found

The potential for alcoholic vapors emitted by common sanitizing treatments to deteriorate the (electrostatic) filtration performance of disposable respirator masks has been investigated. Reports in the literature and some standard test methods provid...

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the enormous importance of maintaining good hygienic conditions in everyday indoor environments for the prevention of infectious diseases. This includes sanitization methods capable of signif...

Wood ash has been widely used as an additive for excreta from dry compost toilets to sanitize it for reuse. However, there is dearth of quantitative information about its efficiency in sanitizing partially digested sludge from wet onsite sanitation s...

This study evaluated the sanitization of fertile eggs using a blend of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) essential oils as an alternative to paraformaldehyde. The experiment was conducted at the Animal Biochemistry and Metabo...

Background: The contamination of ambulances with pathogenic agents represents a potential threat for the public health, not only for common pathogens but also for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this project w...

In this research, three faecal sludge sanitizing methods—lactic acid fermentation, urea treatment and lime treatment—were studied for application in emergency situations. These methods were investigated by undertaking small scale field trials with pi...

Air-sanitizing equipment is a collection of protective devices using filtration and/or UV irradiation to entrap aerosol and kill viruses, to prevent the spread of airborne infective diseases in indoor environments. The aim of the herein reported expe...

Improving indoor air quality present in environments where people live is important to protect human health. This particularly applies to public transportation, where air quality may affect the health and safety of passengers, workers and staff. To p...

Despite the widespread empirical adoption of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)₂) for sanitizing 3/16-inch tubing after the maple sap collection season, there remains a dearth of scientific data on its best practice and effectiveness. To address this gap,...

Ready-to-eat (RTE) spinach is considered a high-risk food, susceptible to colonization by foodborne pathogens; however, other microbial populations present on the vegetable surface may interact with foodborne pathogens by inhibiting/inactivating thei...

In recent years, the use of natural products such as essential oils (EOs) and other plant extracts for the preservation of fresh produce has attracted much interest from the food industry. Many endemic medicinal and aromatic plants, such as Cypriot o...

Evaluating the sustainability of sanitation systems is essential in achieving the sixth sustainable development goal. However, there are only limited number of available evaluation indexes, which are utilized to macroscopically determine a community&...

Chlorophyllins are semi-synthetic porphyrins obtained from chlorophyll that—when exposed to visible light—generate radical oxygen substances with antimicrobial activity. In this work, chlorophyllins incorporated with polyethylene (PE), po...

Shared sanitation—sanitation facilities shared by multiple households—is increasingly common in rapidly growing urban areas in low-income countries. However, shared sanitation facilities are often poorly maintained, dissuading regular use...

An improved understanding of the sanitation enabling environment and status of market development (“sanitation economy”) is crucial not only for advancing national and global sanitation goals, but also for attracting the financing necessary to drive...

The conventional top-down scope of relying only on centralised sewerage has proven insufficient to reach the entire global population with safely managed sanitation and meet Sustainable Development Goals 6.2. and 6.3 by 2030. Citywide Inclusive Sanit...

Dry sanitation systems (waterless or composting toilets) have been used since the 1970s. Their use has received acceptance in rural regions of Europe and the United States. Some of the advantages of dry sanitation systems include their waterless natu...

Sanitation workers provide an essential public service that is key to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), but often costs them their dignity and health. Many governments in low- and middle-income countries fail to support their sanitat...

Lack of access to acceptable sanitation facilities can expose individuals, particularly women, to physical, social, and mental health risks. While some of the challenges have been documented, standard metrics are needed to determine the extent to whi...

People in Base of the Pyramid markets still face difficulties when it comes to sanitation. Container-based Sanitation (CBS) services represent a promising advanced sanitation service. Despite the observed outcomes of CBS services, organizations face...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increased reported use of chemical cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting products (CSDPs), which created public concerns about negative health consequences for both children and adults in public schools. A...

Sustainable Development Goal target 6.2 calls for universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation, setting a more ambitious standard for ‘safely managed sanitation services’. On-site sanitation systems (e.g., septic tanks) are widely used in lo...

The health of individuals and communities is more interconnected than ever, and emergent technologies have the potential to improve public health monitoring at both the community and individual level. A systematic literature review of peer-reviewed a...

There is a large suite of insects that attack anthropogenic agricultural goods after harvest. Proper sanitation programs for food facilities are now recognized as the foundation of good integrated pest management (IPM) programs for stored products th...

Sanitation is essential for the cost-effective pest management of stored-product insects. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tightening regulatory standards, and many local surveys, courses and confe...

Adequate sanitation is essential for health, human well-being, the preservation of water resources, biodiversity, and the full enjoyment of human rights. Sanitation is a human right, and although it is linked to the human right to water (HRW), it has...

Safely managed sanitation is indispensable for societies to ensure public health, environmental protection, and economic and social development. This could be achieved, in large areas of the world, through dry sanitation systems. Dry sanitation syste...

There is a worldwide range of technical sanitation guidelines focusing on small or traditional and isolated communities for ecological alternatives at the household level. However, a computational tool (software) that has a database and connects thes...

Globally, the numerous efforts exerted toward providing basic sanitation services to people have not been sufficient to achieve universal coverage. In developing countries worldwide, many policies, strategies, initiatives, and projects on basic sanit...

While sanitation is fundamental for health and wellbeing, cities of all sizes face growing challenges in providing safe, affordable and functional sanitation systems that are also sustainable. Factors such as limited political will, inadequate techni...

Water is fundamental to urban sustainability, structuring the urban water cycle from supply to wastewater treatment and discharge. Basic sanitation services are a core component of this system, directly influencing sustainable water use and environme...

A systematic review of the literature on the effects of water and sanitation in schools was performed. The goal was to characterize the impacts of water and sanitation inadequacies in the academic environment. Published peer reviewed literature was s...

Ten years after the United Nation’s recognition of the human right to water and sanitation (HRtWS), little is understood about how these right impacts access to sanitation. There is limited identification of the mechanisms responsible for improvement...

Globe artichoke ecotypes sanitized from plant pathogen infections are characterized by high vegetative vigor, productivity, and quality of capitula. The recent availability on the market of these plants has renewed the interest of farmers and pharmac...

Soft power is a geopolitics concept that implies achieving what one wants through non-coercitive measures. In the context of ship sanitation, port health authorities can provide “hard” and coercitive mandates, and also non-coercitive reco...

Whether non-compliance with hand sanitization is related to impatience or impulsivity is an unresolved issue. Several studies have argued that not maintaining hand sanitization requirements during a pandemic could relate to impatience or impulsivity....

In the developing economies of the Global South, a fundamental challenge in the transition of settlements from rural or periurban to urban is increased environmental contamination as a result of poor sanitation and sanitation management. With governm...

Increased meat and egg production leads to concomitant changes in poultry practices, including the indiscriminate use of formaldehyde to sanitize hatching eggs. Although this sanitizer aids in the increase in poultry production, its toxic potential f...

This review examines Ghana’s progress in sanitation. These efforts include the containment, transport, treatment, and disposal or reuse of human waste. This research specifically examined the current sanitation processes and programming efforts...

Sanitizing hatching eggs has become increasingly recommended as a strategy to reduce infections, limit the spread of bacteria, and promote healthier conditions for developing embryos. The absence of this procedure can contribute to lower hatchability...

Childbearing and infant care practices have dramatically evolved since the 15th century. Shifting away from traditional home-based experiences, with the emergence of the microbial aware era and the hospital as a quintessential sanitizing machine, ear...

Without adequate sanitation facilities, environmental, social, and health risks are common and worsen as the state of sanitation stagnates. Vulnerable groups, specifically women, are unequally affected by poor sanitation. Attitudes towards and percep...

Like most cities in developing countries, Kigali is experiencing rapid urbanisation leading to an increase in the urban population and rapid growth in the size and number of informal settlements. More than 60% of the city’s population resides in thes...

Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estim...

Hand hygiene is of utmost importance as it may be contaminated easily from direct contact with airborne microorganism droplets from coughs and sneezes. Particularly in situations like pandemic outbreak, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission cha...

Financing frameworks for Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) are lacking in developing countries. This study aims to develop a financing framework for adoption for water and sanitation PPP infrastructure projects in Zimbabwe. Using data covering...

Providing safely managed sanitation/hygiene requires key competencies for education, training, service delivery, enterprise development and management, product and infrastructure design and development, construction and installation, governance, fina...

The provision of safely managed sanitation in informal settlements is a challenge, especially in schools that require durable, clean, sex-segregated facilities for a large number of children. In informal settlements in Nairobi, school sanitation faci...

Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous organism that can be found in food-related environments, and sanitizers commonly prevent and control it. The aim of this study is to perform a meta-analysis of L. monocytogenes response to sanitizer treatments....

The Sustainable Development Goals promulgate access to sanitation and hygiene for all and the end to open defecation in the framework of the human right to sanitation. Tanzania has one of the lowest levels of access to sanitation, with increasing ope...