Societies

18 pages, 834 KiB

Open AccessReview

Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19

by Bright Parker Quayson, Jill Hough, Rebecca Boateng, Isaac Duah Boateng, Ranjit Godavarthy and Jeremy Mattson

Societies 2024, 14(12), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120264 - 10 Dec 2024

Abstract

Veterans living in rural areas of the United States face various health challenges that demand timely access to care to improve their well-being and quality of life. Telehealth (i.e., the use of telecommunications technology to connect people with care providers remotely) has become [...] Read more.

Veterans living in rural areas of the United States face various health challenges that demand timely access to care to improve their well-being and quality of life. Telehealth (i.e., the use of telecommunications technology to connect people with care providers remotely) has become vital in addressing the accessibility gap for people constrained by vehicle ownership, income, geographic isolation, and limited access to specialists. This study aims to examine the current evidence on rural veterans’ use of telehealth for their healthcare needs, evaluates the cost savings associated with telehealth, as well as veterans’ use of telehealth during COVID-19. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on three databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus) to select relevant articles published from 2017 to 2023. A total of 36 articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into three objectives: veterans’ medical conditions managed through telehealth (n = 24), veterans’ transportation cost savings using telehealth (n = 4), and telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 8). The results indicated that telehealth is a viable option for managing various medical conditions of rural veterans, including complex ones like diabetes and cancer. Additionally, telemedicine was a useful platform in bridging the healthcare accessibility gap during disasters or pandemics like COVID-19 evident from its increased usage during the pandemic. Lastly, telehealth was associated with cost and time savings between USD 65.29 and USD 72.94 per visit and 2.10 and 2.60 h per visit, respectively. However, the feasibility of telehealth for veterans’ medical conditions such as rheumatism, cancer, HIV, and diabetes is underexplored and calls for further investigation post-COVID-19. Lastly, the limited literature on rural veterans’ transportation cost savings using different mobility options—taxi, Uber, public transportation, and rides from friends and family—is another critical gap. Full article

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12 pages, 7006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Visual Representations of Older People’s Sexuality in Popular Cartoons

by Eugène Loos and Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan

Societies 2024, 14(12), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120263 - 9 Dec 2024

Abstract

This study explores the portrayal of older adults’ sexuality in popular cartoons, a medium often overlooked in discussions about aging and sexual representation. The research examines how visual and textual signs in cartoons produce humor by reinforcing stereotypes and normalizing judgments about later-life [...] Read more.

This study explores the portrayal of older adults’ sexuality in popular cartoons, a medium often overlooked in discussions about aging and sexual representation. The research examines how visual and textual signs in cartoons produce humor by reinforcing stereotypes and normalizing judgments about later-life sexual behavior. Using a visual social semiotic approach, the study analyzes a selection of cartoons, focusing on how these depictions reflect societal attitudes towards aging and sexuality. The findings reveal that older individuals are often portrayed in a stigmatized manner, with their sexual desires and activities depicted as either comical or abnormal. This contributes to the marginalization of older adults in sexual discourse and perpetuates ageist stereotypes. The study concludes that while these representations may appear harmless, they play a significant role in shaping public perceptions and can negatively impact the self-image and sexual well-being of older individuals. Future research should further investigate how older adults perceive these portrayals and their implications for societal attitudes towards aging and sexuality. Full article

9 pages, 196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Causes and Effects of Psychoactive Substance Abuse Among the Youth in Zimbabwe: The Case of Makokoba High Density Suburb, Bulawayo

by Ishmael Mugari and Rejoyce Bushu

Societies 2024, 14(12), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120262 - 9 Dec 2024

Abstract

Psychoactive substance abuse has become a pandemic in most parts of the globe. This study sought to assess the contributory factors and impacts of psychoactive substance abuse among the youth in Makokoba—a high-density residential area in Zimbabwe’s second largest city, Bulawayo. A mixed [...] Read more.

Psychoactive substance abuse has become a pandemic in most parts of the globe. This study sought to assess the contributory factors and impacts of psychoactive substance abuse among the youth in Makokoba—a high-density residential area in Zimbabwe’s second largest city, Bulawayo. A mixed methods research design was used on a sample of 122 respondents who were invited to participate in the study. Data were gathered using questionnaires and semi-structured in-depth interviews. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyse quantitative data, while the qualitative component was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed peer pressure, broken homes, poor parental care, and poverty as the main causes of psychoactive substance abuse among the youth. Development of health problems, violent behaviour, disrespect for the elderly, and teenage pregnancies were considered as the major effects of psychoactive substance abuse. Given the roles that peer pressure and the family environment played in psychoactive substance abuse among the youth, the study recommends family and community-based measures. Close monitoring at the family level in educational and religious institutions as well as socio-economic development are the key prescriptive measures recommended by this study. Full article

16 pages, 2169 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Housing Preferences and Living Conditions of Migrant Workers in the Fringe Areas of Bengaluru City, India

by Jayprakash Chadchan, Nabil Hossiney, Praveen Kumar Tamil Selvan and Anagha Vijayan

Societies 2024, 14(12), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120261 - 6 Dec 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the housing preferences and its impact on living conditions of migrant industrial workers in the fringe areas of Bengaluru, India, where rapid urbanization and economic expansion have led to a significant demand for affordable housing. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process [...] Read more.

This study investigates the housing preferences and its impact on living conditions of migrant industrial workers in the fringe areas of Bengaluru, India, where rapid urbanization and economic expansion have led to a significant demand for affordable housing. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision-making framework, this study analyzed key factors influencing housing choices, such as proximity to the workplace, affordability, and access to essential amenities. Data were collected from 400 respondents through a combination of surveys, complimented by field observations and expert consultations. The findings indicate a strong preference for affordable housing close to employment hubs, with “proximity to workplace” emerging as the most critical criterion with a priority weight of 43.36%, followed by “affordability” with a priority weight of 12.47%. However, field insights reveal a trade-off with housing quality and living conditions. Many migrant workers are confined to overcrowded and poorly ventilated rental units, often provided by employers, which compromises their health and well-being. Our results contribute to the understanding of urban housing challenges in rapidly growing economies and emphasize the importance of sustainable, health-oriented housing policies that can mitigate environmental impacts and improve the quality of life for low-income migrant populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Health, Well-Being and Environmental Justice)

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21 pages, 554 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diversity, Local Wisdom, and Unique Characteristics of Millennials as Capital for Innovative Learning Models: Evidence from North Sumatra, Indonesia

by Muryanto Amin and Alwi Dahlan Ritonga

Societies 2024, 14(12), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120260 - 5 Dec 2024

Abstract

This study examines the intersection of identity politics, local wisdom, and millennial engagement in fostering social cohesion in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Against the backdrop of ethnic and religious diversity, identity politics has often served as a tool for polarization, particularly during elections, targeting [...] Read more.

This study examines the intersection of identity politics, local wisdom, and millennial engagement in fostering social cohesion in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Against the backdrop of ethnic and religious diversity, identity politics has often served as a tool for polarization, particularly during elections, targeting vulnerable millennial demographics. Utilizing a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, this study highlights how local wisdom values, including gotong royong (mutual cooperation) and Dalihan Na Tolu (Batak cultural values), support social harmony and mitigate divisive identity-based narratives. These findings underscore the unique potential of millennials to bridge social divides if they engage in community programs that incorporate these values. Additionally, this study proposes an innovative education model that integrates local wisdom and digital technology to enhance millennials’ awareness and resilience against identity politics. This approach enhances social cohesion and positions millennials as agents of positive social change. This study contributes to the broader discourse on multiculturalism, identity politics, and generational roles in national unity within Indonesia’s socio-political landscape. Full article

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19 pages, 973 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Training in Co-Creation as a Methodological Approach to Improve AI Fairness

by Ian Slesinger, Evren Yalaz, Stavroula Rizou, Marta Gibin, Emmanouil Krasanakis and Symeon Papadopoulos

Societies 2024, 14(12), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120259 - 3 Dec 2024

Abstract

Participatory design (PD) and co-creation (Co-C) approaches to building Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have become increasingly popular exercises for ensuring greater social inclusion and fairness in technological transformation by accounting for the experiences of vulnerable or disadvantaged social groups; however, such design work [...] Read more.

Participatory design (PD) and co-creation (Co-C) approaches to building Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have become increasingly popular exercises for ensuring greater social inclusion and fairness in technological transformation by accounting for the experiences of vulnerable or disadvantaged social groups; however, such design work is challenging in practice, partly because of the inaccessible domain of technical expertise inherent to AI design. This paper evaluates a methodological approach to make addressing AI bias more accessible by incorporating a training component on AI bias in a Co-C process with vulnerable and marginalized participant groups. This was applied by socio-technical researchers involved in creating an AI bias mitigation developer toolkit. This paper’s analysis emphasizes that critical reflection on how to use training in Co-C appropriately and how such training should be designed and implemented is necessary to ensure training allows for a genuinely more inclusive approach to AI systems design when those most at risk of being adversely affected by AI technologies are often not the intended end-users of said technologies. This is acutely relevant as Co-C exercises are increasingly used to demonstrate regulatory compliance and ethical practice by powerful institutions and actors developing AI systems, particularly in the ethical and regulatory environment coalescing around the European Union’s recent AI Act. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)

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17 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mapuche Worldview, Territory, and Language: Narratives of Mapuche Speakers and Elders

by Fabiola Maldonado García, Susan Sanhueza Henríquez and Carolina Aroca Toloza

Societies 2024, 14(12), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120258 - 2 Dec 2024

Abstract

This article addresses the relationship between worldview, territory, and language among the Mapuche people. Our research aims to explore, through the voices of Mapuche elders, the sociocultural, political, and territorial knowledge that guides the teaching and transmission of Mapuzugun to new generations. In [...] Read more.

This article addresses the relationship between worldview, territory, and language among the Mapuche people. Our research aims to explore, through the voices of Mapuche elders, the sociocultural, political, and territorial knowledge that guides the teaching and transmission of Mapuzugun to new generations. In alignment with the proposed objective, we have adopted a socio-critical approach to explore Mapuche identity through the territorial and communal dimensions that underpin linguistic revitalization. The findings reveal that the elders possess a vast source of knowledge, serving as primary cultural bearers through epistemology centered on the unity of language and territory. Full article

14 pages, 277 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Social Impact of Sports Habits on Sustainable Tourism Perceptions: A Case Study in Alt Urgell

by Sergi Cerezo-Esteve, Xavier De Blas and Francesc Solanellas

Societies 2024, 14(12), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120257 - 2 Dec 2024

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between residents’ sports habits and their attitudes toward sustainable tourism in the rural region of Alt Urgell. Recognizing the importance of physical activity for health and well-being, this research aims to understand how regular participation in outdoor sports [...] Read more.

This study examines the relationship between residents’ sports habits and their attitudes toward sustainable tourism in the rural region of Alt Urgell. Recognizing the importance of physical activity for health and well-being, this research aims to understand how regular participation in outdoor sports influences perceptions of sustainable tourism and how demographic factors moderate this relationship. A quantitative survey was conducted with a sample of 416 residents, achieving a 95% confidence level and a 4.8% margin of error. Inferential statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between sports habits and attitudes toward sustainable tourism. Results highlight slight differences in perception between genders, with men showing stronger support for community-driven economic initiatives. Variations based on years of residency were observed, with long-term residents expressing greater concern for sustainability. Participation in outdoor sports and attendance at sports events positively influenced perceptions of sustainable tourism. While some hypotheses were confirmed, others were rejected, indicating complexities in the relationship between sports habits and sustainable tourism perceptions. This study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions and inclusive policies to promote sustainable development in the region and suggests directions for future research to further explore these dynamics. Full article

15 pages, 1142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Participatory Methodologies as People-Centered Social Innovation: Listening to Voices of People in Policy Practice

by Swati Banerjee, P. K. Shajahan, Pravin Ghunnar and Mariya Shaikh

Societies 2024, 14(12), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120256 - 29 Nov 2024

Abstract

Participatory methodology is an important methodological paradigm to understand the diversity and plurality of people’s knowledge. Through a policy study, this article explores the creativity and dynamism of participatory methodology to center people and their voices, and conceptualises the same as people-centered social [...] Read more.

Participatory methodology is an important methodological paradigm to understand the diversity and plurality of people’s knowledge. Through a policy study, this article explores the creativity and dynamism of participatory methodology to center people and their voices, and conceptualises the same as people-centered social innovation (PCSI). The process of engagement elucidated in the article is not only a new way of performing research but also a process of co-creating tangible outcomes of the research in the form of a policy which affects the life and livelihood of the community in question. The empirical evidence is drawn from the study referred to here, ‘Compensation Policy and its Implementation Plan for Project Affected Fisherfolk of Mumbai Coastal Road Project (South)’. The article highlights the use of an optimal mix of different participatory tools and the nature of community engagement as social innovation in understanding the experiences of the fisherfolk and their lives and livelihoods and how it was impacted by the said project, subsequently co-creating a compensation policy for the affected communities. The approach adopted in the study attempts to reimagine empirical studies with a social innovation frame as ‘doing’ people-centered social innovation, which gives voice and visibility to the project-affected fishing communities in particular and marginalised actors in general in policy and practice in claiming their rights and entitlements. Through this process of co-production of knowledge, the study captured the multi-faceted impact of the project on the lives and livelihoods of various actors in the value chain, thereby paving the way for individualized compensation rather than household compensation, as is the case with many compensation policies in vogue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Innovation in Urban and Rural Areas: Empowerment, (Disruptive) Transformative Processes and Impact on Community Development)

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25 pages, 701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of a Cloud Learning Management System in Developing the Digital Transformation Skills of Blind Graduate Students

by Amr El Koshiry, Entesar Eliwa, Tarek Abd El-Hafeez and Mohamed Abd Allah Tony

Societies 2024, 14(12), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120255 - 28 Nov 2024

Abstract

Digital transformation has become a critical aspect of modern education, necessitating the development of digital skills among all students, including those with disabilities. Among these, blind students face unique challenges in acquiring the digital competencies needed for academic success and professional integration. This [...] Read more.

Digital transformation has become a critical aspect of modern education, necessitating the development of digital skills among all students, including those with disabilities. Among these, blind students face unique challenges in acquiring the digital competencies needed for academic success and professional integration. This study aimed to enhance the digital transformation skills of blind postgraduate students by evaluating the effectiveness of a cloud-based learning management system, Moodle Cloud. Using a mixed methods approach, we combined descriptive and quasi-experimental designs to assess the impact of the intervention. The sample included 20 blind graduate students from Beni Suef University, equally divided into experimental and control groups. Pre- and post-assessments measured participants’ digital transformation skills through achievement tests and performance evaluations. The findings indicated significant improvements in the experimental group, with higher scores in both the achievement tests and performance assessments compared to the control group. The results suggest that the cloud-based learning management system played a vital role in enhancing digital skills, and no significant differences were found between remote and in-person applications of the intervention. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating modern digital technologies into the education of blind students, aligning with Egypt’s Vision 2030 plan and ongoing educational reforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Disabled People/People with Disabilities (Non-Medical Coverage))

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16 pages, 583 KiB

Open AccessReview

What Role Does Medical Anthropology Play in Medical Education? A Scoping Review

by Davide Costa and Raffaele Serra

Societies 2024, 14(12), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120254 - 28 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: The medical humanities (MH) are important in medical education, and one of the most relevant is medical anthropology. This discipline constitutes the bridge between the biomedical world and the human sciences because it can detect social, cultural, and psychological variables that can [...] Read more.

Background: The medical humanities (MH) are important in medical education, and one of the most relevant is medical anthropology. This discipline constitutes the bridge between the biomedical world and the human sciences because it can detect social, cultural, and psychological variables that can act as barriers to the provision of medical services in epidemic contexts, combining knowledge of pathologies in different cultures and epidemiology. Based on what has been reported so far, this article starts with a research question: what is the role of medical anthropology in medical education? Methods: A scoping review was established according to the PRISMAScR method to try to understand the role of this discipline in medical education. Results: In total, 22 articles were included, and the extracted data were organized into different themes: the reasons for teaching anthropology to medical students, methods used that are useful for medical students, teaching methods and techniques, and some problems regarding anthropology in medical education. Conclusions: The MH may support the decision-making of physicians, thus improving several physician skills to deliver the most appropriate care to patients. On the other hand, medical sciences may provide important feedback on medical anthropology to have an actual impact on curing and caring processes. Full article

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14 pages, 230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“Then They Will Move on in Life”: How Governance and Institutional Logic Shapes Norwegian Aftercare—An Interview Study

by Ole Herman Øiseth and Marit Kristine Helgesen

Societies 2024, 14(12), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120253 - 28 Nov 2024

Abstract

In Norway, aftercare for young people aged 18–25 can be provided by the Child Welfare Service, Social Services, or both. We ask how services are regulated, implemented at the municipal level, and whether young people co-produce the services they receive. The approaches of [...] Read more.

In Norway, aftercare for young people aged 18–25 can be provided by the Child Welfare Service, Social Services, or both. We ask how services are regulated, implemented at the municipal level, and whether young people co-produce the services they receive. The approaches of co-production, governance, institutional logic, and coordination lay the foundation for the analyses of data from a document study and interviews carried out with professionals and leaders in one municipality. The findings show that governance mechanisms and institutional logic are parallel and competing. Sectorization is prominent, and overlapping jurisdictions are not avoided in the dominant regime combining public administration and market logic. The market logic is strong, favouring cost-benefit considerations, making the responsibility for young people volatile. The family logic is present at the professional level in both services; nevertheless, it must be worked with to be fully aligned with the professional and the community logic, and it is not dominant. The conclusions are that it is an open question as to whether young people co-produce the services they receive, and that the revised Child Welfare Act can strengthen the alignment of family, professional, and community logic. Full article

17 pages, 1032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mapping Australian Culture and Society in the Animated Series Bluey—The Use of Audiovisual Material in Early EFL Learning

by Amaya Arigita-García, Lidia Mañoso-Pacheco, José Luis Estrada-Chichón and Roberto Sánchez-Cabrero

Societies 2024, 14(12), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120252 - 27 Nov 2024

Abstract

Bluey stands as the current pinnacle in children’s television series, lauded and adorned with multiple accolades for its educational and social merits. It stands out for its portrayal of childhood social learning within familial settings, offering a realistic depiction of everyday challenges. In [...] Read more.

Bluey stands as the current pinnacle in children’s television series, lauded and adorned with multiple accolades for its educational and social merits. It stands out for its portrayal of childhood social learning within familial settings, offering a realistic depiction of everyday challenges. In addition, Bluey is based on the everyday life of Australian society, clearly reflecting the country’s customs, social values, and natural environments, making it an invaluable resource for enriching the cultural learning of the English language and culture from an Australian point of view, an issue that is rarely addressed in the specialist literature. Thus, this study seeks to identify the cultural and societal facets of Australia depicted in it, with the aim of assessing its pedagogical value in teaching English to non-native learners within the context of primary education. Thirty evaluators analyzed the 52 episodes of the first season of Bluey, endeavoring to identify elements across nine thematic areas. To mitigate variances among evaluators, elements were verified only if agreement was reached by at least three evaluators. In total, evaluators identified 3327 elements representing Australian culture, comprising these categories: (1) Childhood; (2) Devices; (3) Lifestyles; (4) Food; (5) Language; (6) Sports; (7) Animals; (8) Nature; and (9) Places. A total of 1223 elements received verification by the requisite number of evaluators. The resulting catalog of Australia-specific elements per episode serves as a valuable tool in selecting the most instructive episodes for English-language and Australian cultural education for non-natives. This compilation facilitates a nuanced approach to teaching English, rooted in the diverse and culturally rich Australian context, thus breaking away from strictly British and American cultural associations and embracing a broader linguistic and cultural landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)

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19 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Human Resource Quality in Lombok Model Schools: A Culture-Based Leadership Approach with Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq Principles

by Tanti Sugiarti, John Tampil Purba and Rudy Pramono

Societies 2024, 14(12), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120251 - 27 Nov 2024

Abstract

This research explores the role of culture-based leadership in enhancing the quality of human resources in Sekolah Penggerak (model schools) in North Lombok, Indonesia. The study specifically focuses on the cultural wisdom of Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq (3T) inherent to the [...] Read more.

This research explores the role of culture-based leadership in enhancing the quality of human resources in Sekolah Penggerak (model schools) in North Lombok, Indonesia. The study specifically focuses on the cultural wisdom of Tioq, Tata, and Tunaq (3T) inherent to the Sasak community and its integration into the leadership practices of elementary school principals. Employing a qualitative multi-case study approach, the research investigated how 3T influenced the leadership styles and effectiveness of principals in five selected elementary model schools. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and societal outcomes. The research underscores the importance of local cultural values in shaping effective leadership and promoting sustainable educational development. The study contributes to the literature on educational leadership by presenting a new model of leadership that integrates local cultural wisdom. This model can serve as a valuable reference for other regions in Indonesia and similar cultural contexts. The implications suggest that educational leadership development programs should incorporate local cultural values to address contextual challenges and improve the quality of education holistically. Full article

18 pages, 485 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incarceration and Addiction: Women’s Lived Experiences of Deprivation

by Chiao-Yu Yang

Societies 2024, 14(12), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120250 - 25 Nov 2024

Abstract

Aims: This research examined the incarceration experiences of adult women with histories of drug addiction, aiming to fill knowledge gaps regarding how these women subjectively interpret their incarceration experiences. Methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 formerly incarcerated women from the Northeast and [...] Read more.

Aims: This research examined the incarceration experiences of adult women with histories of drug addiction, aiming to fill knowledge gaps regarding how these women subjectively interpret their incarceration experiences. Methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 formerly incarcerated women from the Northeast and Midwest United States. A phenomenological approach was used to explore the meaning of incarceration for the participants, with the deprivation model of imprisonment guiding the analysis. Findings: Women with drug addiction reported being treated differently while incarcerated because of their addiction. They experienced a lack of physical and psychosocial security, limited autonomy in health-related decisions, and diminished freedom to act and express themselves, often as a result of their mental health and drug addiction issues. Additionally, they experienced a loss of identity, stigma, and internalized stigma due to the way they were treated in prison. Conclusions: Incarceration is a critical life event that deprives women of many basic human needs, shaping their health, self-perception, and understanding of the criminal justice system. Further research is necessary to explore how the experience of incarceration impacts women’s mental health, drug addiction recovery, and overall well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Criminal Justice Involvement on the Health and Wellness of Individuals and Families)

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21 pages, 305 KiB

Open AccessArticle

‘Two Families Rejected Her; We Won’t’—Experiences of Same-Sex Couples in the Chilean Public Adoption System

by Rodolfo Morrison, Cleber Tiago Cirineu, Nicolás Chávez, Nallely Retamal, Paulina Reyes, Amanda Sepúlveda and Daniel Lagos-Ceron

Societies 2024, 14(12), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120249 - 24 Nov 2024

Abstract

In Chile, same-sex couples have faced legal and social barriers that limit their equitable access to the adoption process. Objective: To explore the experiences of three same-sex couples who completed the adoption process in the Chilean public system before implementing the equal marriage [...] Read more.

In Chile, same-sex couples have faced legal and social barriers that limit their equitable access to the adoption process. Objective: To explore the experiences of three same-sex couples who completed the adoption process in the Chilean public system before implementing the equal marriage law in 2022. Method: A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews to collect narratives from adoptive families. The information was analyzed using qualitative content analysis, identifying patterns and emerging themes. Results: It was revealed that families identified a market-driven logic within the adoption process, where personal preferences and prejudices influence the adoption decisions of traditional families, from which same-sex couples try to distance themselves. Additionally, significant challenges related to emotional bonding and family adaptation post-adoption were identified. Same-sex couples reported being clearly in a different position compared to traditional families and faced additional difficulties due to a lack of institutional support and insufficient post-adoption follow-up. Discussion and Conclusions: The need for structural reforms in the Chilean adoption system is highlighted to ensure equity and fair treatment for all families, regardless of their composition. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of implementing inclusive policies that recognize and support family diversity, promoting a fairer and more equitable adoption system that ensures the well-being of all children involved. Full article

11 pages, 270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Greek Students’ Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence: Relationships with AI Ethics, Media, and Digital Literacy

by Asimina Saklaki and Antonis Gardikiotis

Societies 2024, 14(12), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120248 - 23 Nov 2024

Abstract

This exploratory study (N = 310) investigates the relationship between students’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI), their attitudes toward AI ethics, and their media and digital literacy levels. This study’s specific objectives were to examine students’ (a) general attitudes toward AI, (b) [...] Read more.

This exploratory study (N = 310) investigates the relationship between students’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI), their attitudes toward AI ethics, and their media and digital literacy levels. This study’s specific objectives were to examine students’ (a) general attitudes toward AI, (b) attitudes toward AI ethics, (c) the relationship between the two, and (d) whether attitudes toward AI are associated with media and digital literacy. Participants, drawn from a convenience sample of university students, completed an online survey including four scales: (a) a general attitude toward AI scale (including two subscales, positive and negative attitudes), (b) an attitude toward AI ethics scale (including two subscales, attitudes toward accountable and non-accountable AI use), (c) a media literacy scale, and (d) a digital literacy scale, alongside demographic information. The findings revealed that students held moderate positive attitudes toward AI and strong attitudes favoring accountable AI use. Interestingly, media literacy was positively related to accountable AI use and negatively to positive attitudes toward AI, whereas digital literacy was positively related to positive attitudes, and negatively to negative attitudes toward AI. These findings carry significant theoretical implications by highlighting the unique relationship of distinct literacies (digital and media) with students’ attitudes. They also offer practical insights for educators, technology designers, and administrators, emphasizing the need to address ethical considerations in AI deployment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)

20 pages, 1024 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Resource Practices and Job Performance: Insights from Public Administration

by Zakaria Ouabi, Khadija Douayri, Fatine Barboucha and Omar Boubker

Societies 2024, 14(12), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120247 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

The Moroccan government has taken several initiatives to improve HR practices in the public sector, with the aim of enhancing the performance of civil servants and thereby improving the quality of public administration services. Therefore, this study employs the PLS-SEM technique to investigate [...] Read more.

The Moroccan government has taken several initiatives to improve HR practices in the public sector, with the aim of enhancing the performance of civil servants and thereby improving the quality of public administration services. Therefore, this study employs the PLS-SEM technique to investigate the influence of HRM practices on job satisfaction, affective commitment, and in-role job performance within public administrations. The dataset was collected online from 390 Moroccan civil servants. The results indicate that recruitment and selection (RSE), training (TRA), compensation (COM), employment security (ESE), and internal career opportunities (ICOs) had a positive impact on job satisfaction (JSA). Likewise, RSE, TRA, and ICOs improved affective commitment (ACO). In addition, JSA and ACO enhanced in-role job performance (RJP). These findings provide valuable theoretical implications and practical guidelines for policymakers on how to adapt HR practices to enhance civil servants’ job satisfaction and affective commitment, ultimately improving their in-role job performance levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)

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20 pages, 1516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Socioeconomic Status as a Predictor of the Academic Achievement of Engineering Students in Taiz State, Yemen

by Atef M. Ghaleb, Mokhtar Ali Amrani, Raad Abdo M. Al Selwi, Hanaa A. Hebah, Mogeeb A. Saeed and Sobhi Mejjaouli

Societies 2024, 14(12), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120246 - 22 Nov 2024

Abstract

Serious concerns have been raised over the consistent academic underperformance of Yemeni students at almost all levels of university studies. This paper investigates the impact of various socioeconomic factors on the academic performance of engineering students in Taiz State, Yemen, an impoverished and [...] Read more.

Serious concerns have been raised over the consistent academic underperformance of Yemeni students at almost all levels of university studies. This paper investigates the impact of various socioeconomic factors on the academic performance of engineering students in Taiz State, Yemen, an impoverished and unstable society. Our quantitative methodology employed a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and targeted 596 female/male students from three engineering colleges in Taiz State. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and simple and multiple regression models to examine the impact of socioeconomic variables on academic achievement while moderating financial condition and gender. This study measured academic achievement through GPAs, student attendance, and English level. Many socioeconomic influences have been examined against academic performance, such as gender, family income, family stability, family openness, marital status, co-education, part-time jobs, and stimulant use. The results accurately specified that students’ gender considerably impacts the studied variables; moreover, low-income features of families negatively affect students’ academic performance. The outcome of this study indicated that socioeconomic variables matched well with GPA, attendance rate, and English level, but with higher matching to the attendance rate. This study highlights that university students in impoverished and unstable societies, like Yemen, are significantly affected by socioeconomic factors. It recommends coordinated efforts among government authorities, educational institutions, and community leaders to mitigate the negative impact on academic achievement and implement appropriate technologies to enhance performance. Additionally, conducting similar studies in other disciplines and communities within the country is recommended for a deeper understanding of this issue. Full article

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