Modifications of DNA nucleobases are present in all forms of life. The purpose of these modifications in eukaryotic cells, however, is not always clear. Although the role of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in epigenetic regulation and the maintenance of stabi...
Novel cADPR mimics, which integrate nucleobase, northern and southern ribose modifications were synthesized. The key steps of the synthesis were a Cu(I)-catalyzed Hüisgen [3+2] cycloaddition and a microwave-assisted intramolecular pyrophosphorylation...
The search for new drugs has been greatly accelerated by the emergence of new viruses and drug-resistant strains of known pathogens. Nucleoside analogues (NAs) are a prospective class of antivirals due to known safety profiles, which are important fo...
Nucleobases play diverse structural and functional roles in biological systems. Understanding the fundamental properties of nucleobases is important for their applications as chemical probes of nucleic acid function. As the nucleobases are modified t...
The chemical synthesis of modified oligoribonucleotides represents a powerful approach to study the structure, stability, and biological activity of RNAs. Selected RNA modifications have been proven to enhance the drug-like properties of RNA oligomer...
Chemically modified nucleobases are thought to be important for therapeutic purposes as well as diagnosing genetic diseases and have been widely involved in research fields such as molecular biology and biochemical studies. Many artificially modified...
Structurally unrelated antibiotics MLSB (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) compromised with clinically resistant pathogens because of the cross-resistance resulting from the structural modification of rRNA A2058. The structure–activity rel...
DNA of all living cells undergoes continuous structural and chemical alterations resulting from fundamental cellular metabolic processes and reactivity of normal cellular metabolites and constituents. Examples include enzymatically oxidized bases, ab...
Nucleic acids play a central role in human biology, making them suitable and attractive tools for therapeutic applications. While conventional drugs generally target proteins and induce transient therapeutic effects, nucleic acid medicines can achiev...
There has been much effort to exploit fluorescence techniques in the detection of nucleic acids. Canonical nucleic acids are essentially nonfluorescent; however, the modification of the nucleobase has proved to be a fruitful way to engender fluoresce...
The synthesis of novel modified nucleotides and their incorporation into DNA sequences opens many possibilities to change the chemical properties of oligonucleotides (ONs), and, therefore, broaden the field of practical applications of modified DNA....
To develop a modifier based on diethanolamine, a corresponding phosphoramidite for automated solid-phase deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was synthesized. The influence of this modifier on the thermal stability of the terminally modified nucleic acids...
To date, about 90 post‐transcriptional modifications have been reported in tRNA expanding their chemical and functional diversity. Methylation is the most frequent post‐transcriptional tRNA modification that can occur on almost all nitrogen sites...
The therapeutic advantages of some platinum complexes as major anticancer chemotherapeutic agents and of nucleoside analogue-based compounds as essential antiviral/antitumor drugs are widely recognized. Red blood cells (RBCs) offer a potential new st...
Muraymycins are a subclass of naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics with promising antibacterial activity. They inhibit the bacterial enzyme translocase I (MraY), a clinically yet unexploited target mediating an essential intracellular step of b...
The interactions of dsDNA with new targeted drug delivery derivatives of doxorubicin (DOX), such as DOX embedded into phospholipid nanoparticles (NPhs) and DOX with the NGR targeted peptide-modified NPhs were studied electrochemically by differential...
The origin of life went through a stage that was driven by catalytic RNAs (ribozymes). This stage likely took place in a complex mixture with many types of molecules, including peptides. A previous in vitro selection experiment in the presence of oct...
As described elsewhere in this Special Issue on biomarkers, much progress has been made in the detection of modified DNA within organisms at endogenous and exogenous levels of exposure to chemical species, including putative carcinogens and chemother...
Modification of carbon materials, especially graphene-based materials, has wide applications in electrochemical detection such as electrochemical lab-on-chip devices. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with chemically alternated graphene oxide...
Interest in electrochemical analysis of purine nucleobases and few other important purine derivatives has been growing rapidly. Over the period of the past decade, the design of electrochemical biosensors has been focused on achieving high sensitivit...
Modifications of transfer RNA (tRNA) have been shown to play critical roles in the biogenesis, metabolism, structural stability and function of RNA molecules, and the specific modifications of nucleobases with sulfur atoms in tRNA are present in pro-...
C-di-GMP, a cyclic guanine dinucleotide, has been shown to regulate biofilm formation as well as virulence gene expression in a variety of bacteria. Analogues of c-di-GMP have the potential to be used as chemical probes to study c-di-GMP signaling an...
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are disease-modifying agents affecting protein-coding and noncoding ribonucleic acids. Depending on the chemical modification and the location of hybridization, ASOs are able to reduce the level of toxic proteins, in...
Numerous studies have shown that oxidative modifications of guanine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG) can affect cellular functions. 7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoadenine (8-oxoA) is another abundant paradigmatic ambiguous nucleobase but findings reported on the...
The growing clinical and epidemiological significance of gestational diabetes mellitus results from its constantly increasing worldwide prevalence, obesity, and overall unhealthy lifestyle among women of childbearing age. Oxidative stress seems to be...
Background/Objective: Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing base-labile modifications such as N4-acetyldeoxycytidine (4acC), N6-acetyladenosine (6acA), N2-acetylguanosine (2acG), and N4-methyoxycarbonyldeoxycytidine (4mcC) are highly challenging to...
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a class of nucleic acid therapeutics that modulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms. Since their initial demonstration in inhibiting viral genes, advances in medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and deliv...
Accumulating evidence supports the important role of RNA modifications in liver disease pathogenesis. However, RNA modifications in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) have not yet been reported. Modified ribonucleosides/bases are products of RNA...
Nucleobase and nucleoside analogs are critical components of antimetabolite chemotherapy treatments used to disrupt DNA replication and induce apoptosis in rapidly proliferating cancer cells. However, the development of resistance to these agents rem...
Thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is one of the best-known G-quadruplex (G4)-forming aptamers that efficiently binds to thrombin, resulting in anticoagulant effects. TBA also possesses promising antiproliferative properties. As with most therapeutic oli...
Aptamers are functional nucleic acids that bind to a range of targets (small molecules, proteins or cells) with a high affinity and specificity. Chemically-modified aptamers are of interest because the incorporation of novel nucleobase components can...
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), a newly developed genome-editing tool, has revolutionized animal and plant genetics by facilitating modification of target genes. This simple, conv...
As a class of emerging nanoparticles, gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) are characterized by unique structural anisotropy and plasmonic properties. The organization of AuNTs into well-defined architecture potentially promises collective properties that are...
Deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) with RNA hydrolysis activity have a tremendous potential as gene suppression agents for therapeutic applications. The most extensively studied representative is the 10-23 DNAzyme consisting of a catalytic loop and two substr...
Antibiotic resistance is an escalating, worldwide problem. Due to excessive use of antibiotics, multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a serious threat and a major global healthcare problem of the 21st century. This fact creates an urgent need for...
(1R,5S)-1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one, available by an efficient catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose, has been applied as a chiral building block in the synthesis of seven new nucleoside analogues, with structural modifications on the nu...
Nucleic acids exhibit structured electromagnetic features shaped by classical electronegativity (EN) patterns. Mapping Pauling EN values across DNA and RNA reveals a largely invariant, high-EN phosphodiester backbone that provides a consistent electr...
Oligonucleotide–peptide conjugates (OPCs) are a promising class of biologically active compounds with proven potential for improving nucleic acid therapeutics. OPCs are commonly recognized as an efficient instrument to enhance the cellular deli...
Nucleic acids are emerging as powerful and functional biomaterials due to their molecular recognition ability, programmability, and ease of synthesis and chemical modification. Various types of nucleic acids have been used as gene regulation tools or...
DNAzymes are catalytically active single-stranded DNAs that fold into metal-ion-assisted architectures to mediate diverse reactions. Addressing the performance gap in biological settings, we establish a novel conceptual framework based on a continuou...
For decades, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) has been recognized as a pervasive and pro-mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion. In human cells, 8-oxoG is removed from DNA via the base excision repair pathway initiated by 8-oxoguanine–DNA glycosylase (OGG1). Howe...
TIMP3 mutations are associated with early-onset macular choroidal neovascularisation for which no treatment currently exists. CRISPR base editing, with its ability to irreversibly correct point mutations by chemical modification of nucleobases at DNA...
Thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) is one of the best-known G-quadruplex (G4)-forming aptamers. By adopting its peculiar chair-like G4 structure, TBA can efficiently bind to thrombin, thus producing an anticoagulant effect. The major limit to its therape...
Natural oligonucleotides have many rotatable single bonds, and thus their structures are inherently flexible. Structural flexibility leads to an entropic loss when unwound oligonucleotides form a duplex with single-stranded DNA or RNA. An effective a...
Fengycin, as a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, displays potent activity against filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus flavus and Soft-rot fungus, which exhibits a wide range of potential applications in food industries, agriculture, and...
Molecular diagnostics in healthcare relies increasingly on genomic and transcriptomic methodologies and requires appropriate tissue specimens from which nucleic acids (NA) of sufficiently high quality can be obtained. Besides the duration of ischemia...
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-neocuproine conjugates have been shown to efficiently catalyse the cleavage of RNA target sequences in the presence of Cu2+ ions in a site-specific manner. These artificial enzymes are designed to force the formation of a b...
Organic optoelectronic devices have received appreciable attention due to their low cost, mechanical flexibility, band-gap engineering, lightness, and solution processability over a broad area. Specifically, realizing sustainability in organic optoel...
Comets are chemically rich and thermally extreme, spanning surface temperatures from ~50 K in the Oort Cloud to >1000 K for sungrazing bodies. These conditions may support key steps of prebiotic chemistry, including the synthesis of nucleic acid p...
Ribozymes, DNAzymes, and fluorescent light-up aptamers combine sequence-programmable recognition with catalytic activity or ligand-dependent signal generation. Our review examines their functional diversity, current progress in studies of structure a...