In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hyperactivity and impulsivity occur in response to delayed reward. Herein we report a novel animal model in which male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to repeated hypoxic brain injury during the equival...
This paper presents the design of a new neuro-generator of pseudorandom number type PRNG Pseudorandom Number Generator, which produces complex sequences with an adequate bit distribution. The circuit is connected to a neuronal module with six impulse...
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is acknowledged as a major neuromodulator of nervous systems in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It has been proposed for several decades that it impacts animal cognition and behavior. In spite of a completely...
Most neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are a result of changes in the chemical composition of neurons. For example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the product of Aβ peptide deposition which results in changes in the ion concentration. These ch...
Myelin, critical for the correct function of the nervous system, is organized in different patterns that can include long non-myelinated axonal segments. How myelin patterning is regulated remains unexplained. The carbohydrate-binding protein galecti...
The neuronal cell adhesion molecule NrCAM is widely expressed in the nervous system across the lifespan and has important physiological functions in the development of neuronal circuits through axonal growth and guidance and formation and maintenance...
Pain is a complex response to noxious stimuli. Upon detection of the nociceptive stimulus by first-order neurons or nociceptors, an action potential ascends to the spinal dorsal horn, a crucial site for synapsing with second-order neurons. These seco...
The rhythm of epileptiform activity occurs in various brain injuries (ischemia, stroke, concussion, mechanical damage, AD, PD). The epileptiform rhythm is accompanied by periodic Ca2+ pulses, which are necessary for the neurotransmitter release, the...
The synchronization problem for impulsive fractional-order neural networks with both time-varying bounded and distributed delays is studied. We study the case when the neural networks and the fractional derivatives of all neurons depend significantly...
The planning, regulation and effectiveness of the product design process depend on various characteristics. Recently, bio-inspired collective intelligence approaches have been applied in this process in order to create more appealing product forms an...
Background and Objectives: Epidemiological data indicate that blast exposure is the most common morbidity responsible for mild TBI among Service Members (SMs) during recent military operations. Blast-induced tinnitus is a comorbidity frequently repor...
Throughout much of the history of biology, the cell membrane was functionally defined as a semi-permeable barrier separating aqueous compartments, and an anchoring site for proteins. Little attention was devoted to its possible regulatory role in int...
Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Harz is regarded as a significant anatomist who helped the entire medical world to discover and develop new techniques in order to improve patient treatment as well as decrease death rates. He discovered fascia...
Alcoholism initiates with episodes of excessive alcohol drinking, known as binge drinking, which is one form of excessive drinking (NIAAA Newsletter, 2004) that is related to impulsivity and anxiety (Ducci et al., 2007; Edenberg et al., 2004) and is...
This study discusses the global asymptotical synchronization of fractional-order multi-delay coupled neural networks (FMCNNs) via hybrid control schemes. In addition to internal delays and different coupling delays, more importantly, multi-link compl...
The Cohen and Grossberg neural networks model is studied in the case when the neurons are subject to a certain impulsive state displacement at random exponentially-distributed moments. These types of impulses significantly change the behavior of the...
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) are critical determinants of cellular excitability. These ion channels exist as large heteromultimeric structures and their activity is tightly controlled. In neurons, the isoform Nav1.6 is highly enriched at the...
Intracellular trafficking plays a critical role in the functioning of highly polarized cells, such as neurons. Transport of mRNAs, proteins, and other molecules to synaptic terminals maintains contact between neurons and ensures the transmission of n...
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized synapse that bridges the motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber and is crucial for conversion of electrical impulses originating in the motor neuron to action potentials in the muscle fiber. The c...
In this article, we propose a circuit to imitate the behavior of a Reward-Modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity synapse. When two neurons in adjacent layers produce spikes, each spike modifies the thickness in the shared synapse. As a result, t...
Loewi’s discovery of acetylcholine (ACh) release from the frog vagus nerve and the discovery by Dale and Dudley of ACh in ox spleen led to the demonstration of chemical transmission of nerve impulses. ACh is now well-known to function as a neur...
Background and Objectives: Added sugar usage has become an important public health issue nowadays. Therefore, the interest in studying the cognitive and emotional effects associated with sugar consumption has increased. The present study aimed to inv...
Oligodendrocytes wrap neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating sheath which is essential for nervous impulse conduction along axons. Axonal myelination is highly regulated by neuronal and astrocytic signals and the maintenance of myelin sheaths i...
In this paper, we propose a novel clustering approach based on P systems and grid- density strategy. We present grid-density based approach for clustering high dimensional data, which first projects the data patterns on a two-dimensional space to ove...
29 June 2021
Research studies that focus on understanding the onset of neurodegenerative pathology and therapeutic interventions to inhibit its causative factors, have shown a crucial role of olfactory bulb neurons as they transmit and propagate nerve impulses to...
This document describes the results of the study contributing to the methods and tools applicable in plastic waste sorting systems that exploit the multistatic ultra-wideband impulse radar enforced with a deep learning signal processing back-end. The...
The smart devices in Internet of Things (IoT) need more effective data storage opportunities, as well as support for Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods such as neural networks (NNs). This study presents a design of new associative memory in the for...
Neural interfaces, such as microarrays and probes, consist of many electrodes for stimulating and recording purposes simultaneously. The multi-functional neural interface can suffer from many types of artefacts and noise, such as long-term use, envir...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as motor neuron disease, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. This pathological process results in muscle weakness and...
In a previous published paper, we initiated in this journal discussion about new perspectives regarding the organization and functioning of the mind, as a premise for addressing the mind-body problem. In this article, we continue focussing discussion...
The bio-brain presents robustness function to external stimulus through its self-adaptive regulation and neural information processing. Drawing from the advantages of the bio-brain to investigate the robustness function of a spiking neural network (S...
The generation and application of human stem-cell-derived functional neural circuits promises novel insights into neurodegenerative diseases. These networks are often studied using stem-cell derived random neural networks in vitro, with electrical st...
Gangliosides are abundantly occurring sialylated glycosphingolipids serving diverse functions in the nervous system. Membrane-localized gangliosides are important components of lipid microdomains (rafts) which determine the distribution of and the in...
Fasciculations are visible, fine and fast, sometimes vermicular contractions of fine muscle fibers that occur spontaneously and intermittently. The aim of this article is to discuss the main causes for fasciculations and their pathophysiology in diff...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. ADHD impairments arise from irregularities primarily in dopamine (DA) and norepine...
This paper presents the Spike Processing Unit (SPU), a digital spiking neuron model based on a discrete-time second-order Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter. By constraining filter coefficients to powers of two, the SPU implements all internal op...
The synapse is a piece of information transfer machinery replacing the electrical conduction of nerve impulses at the end of the neuron. Like many biological mechanisms, its functioning is heavily affected by time constraints. The solution selected b...
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high incidence in children and adolescents characterized by motor hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed that ne...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, is associated with monoaminergic dysfunction, neuronal damage, and gut microbiota disorders. Low mo...
Electric and magnetic stimulation of the human brain can be used to excite or inhibit neurons. Numerous methods have been designed over the years for this purpose with various advantages and disadvantages that are the topic of this review. Deep brain...
There is great interest in the development of prosthetic limbs capable of complex activities that are wirelessly connected to the patient’s neural system. Although some progress has been achieved in this area, one of the main problems encounter...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests as poor attention, hyperactivity, as well as impulsive behaviors. Hesperetin (HSP) is a citrus flavanone with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to te...
Background: Previous research has linked opioid use disorder (OUD) to neuronal reward systems and impulsivity. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of COMT rs4680 Val158Met polymorphism on impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention (IHI...
Increasing evidence links air pollution (AP) exposure to effects on the central nervous system structure and function. Particulate matter AP, especially the ultrafine (nanoparticle) components, can carry numerous metal and trace element contaminants...
Glucose metabolism is essential for the maintenance and function of the central nervous system. Although the brain constitutes only 2% of the body weight, it consumes approximately 20% of the body’s total energy, predominantly derived from gluc...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of the most effective therapies for movement and other disorders. The DBS neurosurgical procedure involves the implantation of a DBS device and a battery-operated neurotransmitter, which delivers electrical impulse...
This work presents the design of a system of a highly flexible pseudorandom number generator system (PRNG) incorporating both conventional and neuro-generators. The system integrates four internal generators with different conditions to produce new o...
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene. CDD is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including early-onset refractor...
Acetylcholine (ACh), an ubiquitous mediator substance broadly expressed in nature, acts as neurotransmitter in cholinergic synapses, generating specific communications with different time-courses. (1) Ultrafast transmission. Vertebrate neuromuscular...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. However, the core biology of the disorder that leads to the hypofunctioning of the cerebral dopaminergic network requires further elucidation. We investigated mi...
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