Journal Description
Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences
Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences
(JMMS) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal that pays special attention to papers related to mental and medical topics, focusing primarily on interdisciplinary and integrative perspectives, published quarterly online. The journal is published on behalf of Dr. Ion G. Motofei.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 33 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 6.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2025).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
subject
Imprint Information
Open Access
ISSN: 2392-7674
Latest Articles
How Psychological Flexibility Mediates the Relationship Between Psychological Resilience and Mental Health: A Study of Diagnosed Cancer Patients
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2026, 13(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms13010005 - 6 Feb 2026
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A cancer diagnosis has long-term physical and psychological consequences, and patients vary considerably in their mental health outcomes during the disease process. Psychological resilience has been identified as a protective factor, yet the mechanisms through which it influences mental health remain unclear. This
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A cancer diagnosis has long-term physical and psychological consequences, and patients vary considerably in their mental health outcomes during the disease process. Psychological resilience has been identified as a protective factor, yet the mechanisms through which it influences mental health remain unclear. This study aims to examine the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between psychological resilience and mental health among individuals diagnosed with cancer. A total of 234 cancer patients participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale–Short Form, and the Psychological Flexibility Scale. Path analysis was conducted to test the proposed mediation model. The results indicated that psychological resilience was positively associated with psychological flexibility, and psychological flexibility was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Psychological flexibility fully mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and mental health. These findings suggest that psychological flexibility plays a key role in explaining how psychological resilience contributes to better mental health outcomes in cancer patients. Interventions aiming to enhance psychological flexibility may therefore be beneficial in psychosocial support programs for individuals coping with cancer.
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Open AccessArticle
Public Health Education in Mexico in 2024: National Distribution, Accreditation, and Modalities of Training
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Janet Real-Ramírez and Oscar Arias-Carrión
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2026, 13(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms13010004 - 3 Feb 2026
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Training the public health workforce is a critical component of health system strengthening. In Mexico, postgraduate education operates under a national accreditation framework intended to ensure academic quality and social relevance, yet comprehensive information about the scope and distribution of training programs is
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Training the public health workforce is a critical component of health system strengthening. In Mexico, postgraduate education operates under a national accreditation framework intended to ensure academic quality and social relevance, yet comprehensive information about the scope and distribution of training programs is limited. This study characterizes public health and related academic programs available in 2024, examining the institutional sector, delivery modality, geographic distribution, and accreditation status. A systematic institutional mapping was conducted through structured searches of the official websites of public and private higher education institutions. Eligible programs included bachelor’s degrees, specializations, master’s degrees, and PhDs that were active between March and November 2024. Searches used predefined keyword combinations, repeated at multiple timepoints, and were restricted to official institutional domains. Data were extracted on academic level, institutional sector, delivery format, duration, geographic region, and inclusion in the National Postgraduate System. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze accreditation patterns; geospatial analysis assessed regional distribution. A total of 175 programs were identified across 30 of Mexico’s 32 states. Professional master’s degrees represented the largest category, followed by research-oriented master’s and PhD programs. Public institutions offered nearly two-thirds of all programs. Among postgraduate programs, fewer than half were accredited, with accreditation concentrated in master’s degrees in science (84.6%) and PhDs (55.6%). Only 23.0% of professional master’s degree were accredited. Most programs were delivered fully in person; online offerings were limited and more common in private institutions. Research-oriented programs were geographically concentrated in a small number of states, whereas professional programs exhibited broader but uneven national distribution. Public health education in Mexico shows growth in professionally oriented training but also reveals persistent gaps in accreditation, geographic equity, and flexible delivery modalities. The disproportionate expansion of professional programs without corresponding integration into accreditation frameworks raises concerns for workforce planning and educational equity. Strengthening national information systems, improving institutional reporting standards, and aligning accreditation criteria with workforce needs are essential to ensure that public health training supports progress towards universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Open AccessReview
Psycho-Emotional and Well-Being Aspects in Caregivers of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals: A Narrative Review
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Ettore D’Aleo, Marco Leuzzi, Maria Carmela Zagari, Lorenzo Campedelli, Mara Lastretti, Emanuela A. Greco, Giuseppe Seminara and Antonio Aversa
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2026, 13(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms13010003 - 29 Jan 2026
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Gender incongruence significantly impacts the family system, yet the subjective experiences of caregivers remain relatively underexplored. This narrative review synthesizes contemporary evidence regarding psychological distress, emotional burden, and quality of life among caregivers of transgender and gender-diverse individuals. A targeted literature search of
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Gender incongruence significantly impacts the family system, yet the subjective experiences of caregivers remain relatively underexplored. This narrative review synthesizes contemporary evidence regarding psychological distress, emotional burden, and quality of life among caregivers of transgender and gender-diverse individuals. A targeted literature search of PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar (2015–2025) was conducted, identifying 16 studies for thematic synthesis. Results indicate that caregivers consistently report elevated emotional distress, characterized by chronic anxiety, hypervigilance, and ambiguous loss. This burden is primarily driven by prolonged exposure to uncertainty, the weight of complex medical decision-making—particularly regarding fertility and hormone therapy—and vicarious minority stress stemming from social stigma and systemic barriers. Notably, distress is often intensified by sociopolitical climates rather than the transition process itself. Conversely, access to peer support networks, healthcare relationships, and engagement in advocacy emerged as vital protective factors facilitating resilience and adaptive meaning-making. We can conclude that caregiver well-being is a multifaceted process deeply embedded in social and institutional contexts. These findings underscore the necessity of integrated, family-centered medical-psychological models that explicitly support caregivers to ensure more equitable and effective gender-affirming care pathways.
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Open AccessReview
The Critical Role of Medicine Adherence in Management of Chronic Conditions: A Review Article
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Lucky Norah Katende-Kyenda
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2026, 13(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms13010002 - 22 Jan 2026
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Background: Medication adherence and persistence in treating chronic diseases present as a continuous challenge for healthcare providers in long-term management. The most frequent reasons that several diseases are poorly controlled in the population include suboptimal drug adherence and discontinuation of therapies. One
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Background: Medication adherence and persistence in treating chronic diseases present as a continuous challenge for healthcare providers in long-term management. The most frequent reasons that several diseases are poorly controlled in the population include suboptimal drug adherence and discontinuation of therapies. One main issue why physicians cannot detect patients with poor adherence is that they have relatively limited time and tools to do so. Aim: To review the critical role of medication adherence in the management of chronic diseases by addressing the following: what medication adherence is; its critical role; factors and strategies influencing it; challenges and consequences of poor adherence; patients at risk; present and future strategies in place to detect and improve adherence; implications for public health and health value creation for patients; key analytical frameworks for understanding it; determinants; how adherence improves health; the role of healthcare professionals and technological innovations; implications of medication adherence; adherence as a key area for exploring the psychological mechanisms underlying patient behavior; and patient adherence as a major social and public health challenge. Finally, this review considers strengths, limitations, recommendations, and future value. Methodology: The following databases were used to carry out the review: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The following themes were combined in the search: what adherence is, why it is critical, why adherence occurs, and how to improve adherence. The following search terms were used: what adherence is and critical, why and adherence and occurs, and how and to improve adherence. Results: Under the theme of why adherence is critical, five sub-themes were reviewed; four sub-themes were reviewed under the theme of why adherence occurs; and five sub-themes were reviewed under the theme of how to improve adherence. Conclusions: Strategies to enhance medication adherence involve a comprehensive approach that includes patient education, streamlined treatment plans, digital tools, and effective communication from healthcare professionals.
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Open AccessArticle
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Mental Health Disorders in Makkah’s Primary Care, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study from Secondary Data
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Turky J. Arbaein, Afnan A. Alandijani, Mohammad Shah, Khulud K. Alharbi, Sahal Alzahrani, Soukaina Ennaceur, Afrah A. Alfahmi and Khawlah O. Alharthi
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2026, 13(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms13010001 - 29 Dec 2025
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Objectives: The present study examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders among patients visiting primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and explored demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic determinants associated with these conditions. Methods: The study analyzed regional-level data from
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Objectives: The present study examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders among patients visiting primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and explored demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic determinants associated with these conditions. Methods: The study analyzed regional-level data from PHC patients diagnosed with mental health illnesses. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders were calculated and associated risk factors were assessed using binary variables. Results: The study found that 40% of the population was diagnosed with depression, 25% with anxiety, and 35% with other mental disorders. Depression was most prevalent among patients aged 50–64 years, while anxiety was highest among those aged 19–34 years. The lowest rates were observed in patients aged 65 years or older. Females exhibited higher rates of depression and anxiety than males. Saudi nationals accounted for most cases, with unemployment having the highest prevalence. Single individuals reported the highest prevalence of depression and anxiety. Conclusions: The research indicates a significant prevalence of depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders among primary healthcare patients in Makkah, with females, the unemployed, and younger individuals at elevated risk. Low follow-up rates suggest barriers to ongoing mental health care and highlight the need for targeted interventions.
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Open AccessEditorial
Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences—A Journal of Bidirectional Emergence in Health and Disease
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Ion G. Motofei
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12020044 - 29 Nov 2025
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Contemporary clinical medicine relies on the integration of clinical observation with physiological and pathological mechanisms to improve diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making, and patient outcomes. However, most current biomedical research interprets these mechanisms predominantly through the lens of upward emergence, according to which higher-order biological
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Contemporary clinical medicine relies on the integration of clinical observation with physiological and pathological mechanisms to improve diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making, and patient outcomes. However, most current biomedical research interprets these mechanisms predominantly through the lens of upward emergence, according to which higher-order biological functions arise from the interaction of simpler lower-level components. Although indispensable for understanding visceral diseases, this perspective provides only partial access to biological complexity. Accumulating evidence from neuroscience, developmental biology, endocrinology, psychiatry, and regenerative medicine shows that higher-level systemic functions can also reorganize, modulate, or generate lower-level structures, a phenomenon known as downward emergence. Together, upward and downward emergence form a bidirectional framework that more accurately reflects the complex organizational pattern of biological systems. This editorial argues that clinical practice and biomedical research must explicitly acknowledge this bidirectional dynamic, as many diseases (including malignancy) cannot be fully understood through upward emergence alone. Downward emergent processes explain phenomena such as morphogenesis, regeneration, matrix remodeling, immunological reprogramming, endocrine-neurovegetative integration, and forms of pathological transformation that are difficult to interpret through classical reductionism. Viewing cancer as the pathological expression of a disturbed supracellular program provides a coherent explanation of its complex biology and highlights the possibility that malignant progression could be responsive to higher-order regulatory instructions. In this context, the Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences is undertaking a conceptual and editorial realignment, positioning itself as a journal of bidirectional emergence in health and disease. Rather than diminishing its clinical mission, this shift strengthens it by providing a more comprehensive framework for understanding physiological and pathological organization, one that integrates structure–function and function–structure relationships. As medicine moves toward increasingly integrative and mechanistic models of disease, adopting a bidirectional perspective becomes not only scientifically justified but also necessary for advancing diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic innovation, and the development of novel supracellular strategies for human health.
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Associated Factors and Predictors of Medication Errors in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
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Mugapish Hussain Mushi, Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq Mohd Nazan, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim, Irniza Rasdi, Omar Zayyan Alsharqi and Majed Awad Albalawi
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12020043 - 20 Oct 2025
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Background: Medication errors pose significant health risks and economic burdens globally. In Saudi Arabia, the reported error rates range from 1.6% to 84.8%; yet, the contributing factors remain inadequately understood. This systematic review aims to identify the associated factors and predictors of medication
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Background: Medication errors pose significant health risks and economic burdens globally. In Saudi Arabia, the reported error rates range from 1.6% to 84.8%; yet, the contributing factors remain inadequately understood. This systematic review aims to identify the associated factors and predictors of medication errors across Saudi healthcare settings. Methods: Electronic databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, and PubMed) were searched for peer-reviewed articles published from January 2010 to January 2025. Studies reporting statistically significant factors associated with medication errors or error reporting in Saudi Arabia were included. A quality assessment was conducted using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS). Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Healthcare-worker-related factors included age (workers < 35 years are more prone to errors), experience level (4–5 years optimal for reporting), negative attitudes toward errors (AOR = 14.08), and a lack of training (AOR = 7.29). Patient-related factors included advanced age (1.0–2.7-times increased risk), males, polypharmacy (1.1–5.3-times increased risk), and high-risk medications (hypoglycemic drugs, warfarin, and antibiotics). System-related factors included day shift timing (AOR = 1.1), oral medication route (AOR = 0.4), ICU setting (3.3-times increased risk), medical unit setting (1.7-times increased risk), confusing packaging, and look-alike/sound-alike medications. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize that medical errors arise from a complex interplay between healthcare-worker-related factors (age, experience, and attitudes) and hospital-administration-related factors (reporting mechanisms, documentation practices, shift timing, and workload).
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Open AccessArticle
Detection of Patient’s Critical Condition Using Power BI and AI Decision Tree
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Shan-Ju Lin, Yin-Chi Chen, Chih-Yin Chang, Mei-Jing Huang, Chen-Kai Young, Ru-Ting Liu, Hsin-Po Sun and Shuo-Tsung Chen
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12020042 - 23 Sep 2025
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Unexpected in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in the emergency department is defined as an unexpected cardiac arrest during the stay in the emergency department with measured vital signs when entering the emergency department, requiring immediate emergency treatment to save a life. Since IHCA is
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Unexpected in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in the emergency department is defined as an unexpected cardiac arrest during the stay in the emergency department with measured vital signs when entering the emergency department, requiring immediate emergency treatment to save a life. Since IHCA is an urgent medical event, especially in the emergency department, this study explored the risk prediction of IHCA events in the emergency department. IHCA not only has a high mortality rate, but is also likely to cause permanent neurological damage. In the emergency environment, due to the complexity and rapid changes in the patient’s condition, traditional assessment tools often fail to identify high-risk cases in a timely manner. In view of this, this study uses both the Power BI visual analysis platform and the binary decision tree model to construct a data-driven risk prediction tool. Power BI analysis successfully presented the dynamic ranking of influencing factors, and the decision tree prediction model showed excellent performance, with an accuracy of 91%, a recall rate of 89%, an F1-score of 89%, and an overall accuracy of 100%; this prediction system is expected to improve the efficiency of emergency medical care, identify high-risk patients in a timely manner, and assist medical staff in intervening in advance and implementing preventive measures. This study provided two different approaches: Power BI and decision tree. Power BI requires no coding and can be used by medical professionals without a programming background, while decision tree is designed for professionals with a programming background. While the structures of Power BI and decision tree differ slightly, they are generally similar and can both serve as intelligent clinical tools.
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Open AccessArticle
Epicatechin-Enriched Cacao Subproducts Improve Cognition in Older Subjects: Proof of Concept
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Nayelli Nájera, Levy Munguía, Miguel Ortiz, Francisco Villarreal, Yuridia Martínez-Meza, Amalia Gómez-Cotero and Guillermo Ceballos
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12020041 - 22 Aug 2025
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Cognitive decline among older people is a growing concern worldwide since it impacts quality of life and independence. Recently, we reported that an epicatechin-enriched product improves cardiometabolic status, physical performance/mobility, and quality of life (QoL) in over-60-year-old subjects. Here, we explored the effects
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Cognitive decline among older people is a growing concern worldwide since it impacts quality of life and independence. Recently, we reported that an epicatechin-enriched product improves cardiometabolic status, physical performance/mobility, and quality of life (QoL) in over-60-year-old subjects. Here, we explored the effects of an (−)-epicatechin-enriched cacao supplement on the cognitive conditions of older and sedentary individuals residing in a community center. Twelve persons with the inclusion criteria were included in this proof-of-concept study. We evaluated reasoning, memory, attention, coordination, and perception using CogniFit software, version 4.6.18. Patients received a mixture of cacao flour and 15 mg of free (−)-epicatechin twice daily for 3 months. The main results from the trial suggested a positive and significant improvement in perception, coordination, reasoning, attention, and memory.
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Open AccessCase Report
The Clinical Management and Outcomes of Two Cases of Vulvar Neoplasms: A Two-Case Study of VIN 3 and Stage IA Vulvar Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Oana Denisa Balalau, Fernanda Ecaterina Augustin, Cristian Balalau, Romina Marina Sima and Liana Ples
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12020040 - 29 Jul 2025
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Vulvar carcinoma is the fourth most common gynecological cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent type. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor lesion and is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This paper presents two patients in their sixth
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Vulvar carcinoma is the fourth most common gynecological cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent type. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor lesion and is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This paper presents two patients in their sixth decade of life, the first diagnosed with VIN 3 (carcinoma in situ) and the second with stage IA keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Both patients had HPV infection; immunohistochemistry confirmed HPV-dependent VIN3 in the first case, while the second patient had a pre-existing HPV high-risk 53 infection. Both patients underwent partial vulvectomy, with the second also having bilateral inguinal–femoral lymph node dissection, which showed no lymph node invasion. The first patient had a histopathological result of VIN 3 with clear margins. The second patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy following restaging pathology. Both are showing favorable postoperative progress. Conclusions. The early diagnosis of vulvar neoplasms enables less radical but effective surgeries, balancing oncologic control with quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for adjusting treatments, improving both clinical outcomes and patient well-being.
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Open AccessArticle
Natural Alternatives for Pain Relief: A Study on Morus alba, Angelica archangelica, Valeriana officinalis, and Passiflora incarnata
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Felicia Suciu, Oana Cristina Șeremet, Emil Ștefănescu, Ciprian Pușcașu, Cristina Isabel Viorica Ghiță, Cerasela Elena Gîrd, Robert Viorel Ancuceanu and Simona Negreș
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12020039 - 19 Jul 2025
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Background: Chronic pain poses a major global health burden, often inadequately managed by conventional analgesics due to limited efficacy and side effects. In this context, plant-based therapies offer a promising alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and analgesic potential of four
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Background: Chronic pain poses a major global health burden, often inadequately managed by conventional analgesics due to limited efficacy and side effects. In this context, plant-based therapies offer a promising alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and analgesic potential of four medicinal plants traditionally used for pain relief: Morus alba, Angelica archangelica, Valeriana officinalis, and Passiflora incarnata. Methods: Phytochemical analyses quantified total phenolic acid, flavonoid, and polyphenolic acid contents in the extracts. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the ABTS radical scavenging assay. Analgesic effects were evaluated in vivo using the hot-plate and tail-flick tests in mice treated for 14 days with plant extracts or paracetamol. Results: Morus alba showed the highest polyphenolic content and strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.0695 mg/mL). In analgesic tests, Angelica archangelica demonstrated the most significant effect in the hot-plate test (72.2% increase in latency), while Valeriana officinalis had the highest efficacy in the tail-flick test (41.81%), exceeding paracetamol’s performance in that model. Conclusions: While antioxidant activity correlated with polyphenol content, analgesic effects appeared to involve additional mechanisms. These findings support the potential of Angelica archangelica and Valeriana officinalis as effective natural alternatives for pain relief.
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Open AccessArticle
The Incidence of Oncocytoma and Angiomyolipoma in Patients Undergoing Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Small Renal Masses
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Stelian Ianiotescu, Constantin Gingu, Irina Balescu, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Cristian Balalau and Ioanel Sinescu
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12020038 - 16 Jul 2025
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Background: Oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma (AML) are benign renal tumors that may mimic malignant lesions on imaging. With the increasing use of partial nephrectomy (PN) for renal masses, accurate preoperative characterization of these lesions is essential. This study highlights the role of partial nephrectomy
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Background: Oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma (AML) are benign renal tumors that may mimic malignant lesions on imaging. With the increasing use of partial nephrectomy (PN) for renal masses, accurate preoperative characterization of these lesions is essential. This study highlights the role of partial nephrectomy as a valuable diagnostic tool in situations where imaging is inconclusive or raises concern for malignancy without definitive confirmation. In the absence of a reliable preoperative diagnosis, partial nephrectomy provides direct histologic verification with minimal perioperative morbidity. Moreover, it offers curative potential when malignancy is present. By achieving both diagnostic certainty and renal preservation, this approach is well-suited for clinical scenarios in which imaging ambiguity might otherwise result in overtreatment through radical surgery or undertreatment Material and methods: in this retrospective study, we reviewed our 5-year experience (2019–2024), 188 partial nephrectomies—including bilateral procedures and operations on solitary kidneys—using robotic and open approaches. All of these 30 tumors were solid renal masses with indeterminate imaging features or suspicious characteristics suggestive of malignancy, further underscoring the limitations of current preoperative diagnostic modalities. Results: Histopathological evaluation confirmed benign renal tumors in 30 cases, with oncocytoma diagnosed in 18 cases (16 robotic, 2 open) and AML in 12 cases (9 robotic, 3 open). Conclusions: Even when imaging raises suspicion of malignancy or remains inconclusive, many small renal masses are ultimately confirmed as benign upon histopathological examination. This study underscores the diagnostic uncertainty associated with small renal tumors and highlights the value of partial nephrectomy as a decisive diagnostic intervention. In situations where non-invasive modalities fail to provide definitive answers, partial nephrectomy offers tissue confirmation with minimal morbidity. Furthermore, when malignancy is present, this approach ensures appropriate oncologic management while preserving renal function. Our findings support the integration of this strategy into routine clinical practice, particularly when diagnostic clarity is essential for guiding safe and effective treatment.
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Open AccessReview
Deep Caries Lesions Revisited: A Narrative Review
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Irina Maria Gheorghiu, Sergiu Ciobanu, Ion Roman, Stana Păunică, Anca Silvia Dumitriu and Alexandru Andrei Iliescu
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010037 - 23 May 2025
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Background/Objectives: Deep caries lesions represent an actual concern in preserving tooth vitality and preventing irreversible pulpitis. As presently the non-selective approach is considered an overtreatment, the concept of selective caries removal is highly recommended. The goal of this narrative review is to
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Background/Objectives: Deep caries lesions represent an actual concern in preserving tooth vitality and preventing irreversible pulpitis. As presently the non-selective approach is considered an overtreatment, the concept of selective caries removal is highly recommended. The goal of this narrative review is to focus on current trends in carious dentine excavation and adjunctive therapies. Methods: A keyword-based selection of scientific publications issued in the last six years, i.e., 2019–2024, was conducted with the search engine of PubMed (MEDLINE) and ScienceDirect databases, using the following keywords: deep carious lesion; caries removal; indirect pulp capping; adjunctive antimicrobial therapy; adjunctive anti-enzymatic therapy; biomimetic restorative dentistry. Discussions: In deep caries management, the current trends of carious dentine excavation recommend preferentially partial caries removal technique as less risky to pulp exposure and more conservative compared to the stepwise technique (SW). Presently, advanced additional procedures such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and an anti-enzymatic approach are also considered for caries arrest. Conclusions: Selective caries removal and adjunctive photodynamic antimicrobial therapy are procedures of choice in preserving pulp vitality. Anti-enzymatic therapies impede decoupling with time of adhesive restorations from the smear layer. Biomimetic restorative dentistry and smart materials introduce the principles of artificial intelligence in the therapeutic approach of deep caries.
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Open AccessArticle
Occult Thyroid Carcinoma Incidence in Multinodular Goiter Experience of a Medium-Volume Center in Romania
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Iulian Slavu, Raluca Tulin, Alexandru Dogaru, Ileana Dima, Cristina Orlov-Slavu, Virgiliu Mihai Prunoiu, Marius Popescu, Cornelia Nipir, Bogdan Socea and Adrian Tulin
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010036 - 20 May 2025
Abstract
Background: Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a common thyroid condition characterized by multiple nodules within the thyroid gland. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of occult thyroid carcinoma in patients with multinodular goiter, based on the experience from a medium-volume
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Background: Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a common thyroid condition characterized by multiple nodules within the thyroid gland. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of occult thyroid carcinoma in patients with multinodular goiter, based on the experience from a medium-volume cancer center. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with multinodular goiter who underwent thyroidectomy. Clinical, radiological, and histopathological data were reviewed to identify cases of occult thyroid carcinoma. Factors such as age, sex, and histopathological characteristics were analyzed to determine potential risk factors for malignancy in this cohort. Results: A total of 332 patients with MNG were included in the study, with 61 (17.5%) diagnosed with occult thyroid carcinoma. The incidence of occult carcinoma was more frequent in females, with a notable predilection for papillary carcinoma. Regarding age, occult tumors were more frequently encountered in the 20–40 age group, irrespective of gender. Conclusions: In conclusion, we observed that in our center over a 6-year period, the incidence of thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter sits at 17.5%. Thyroid diseases are more frequent in women, which in turn leads to an increased rate of occult carcinomas. Up to 70% of the cancers were papillary. The clinical risk factors associated with a higher probability of cancer were lower age and female gender.
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Open AccessReview
Health Status After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Literature Review
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Mădălin Bulzan, Florica Voiță-Mekeres, Simona Cavalu, Gheorghe Szilagyi, Gabriel Mihai Mekeres, Lavinia Davidescu and Călin Tudor Hozan
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010035 - 19 May 2025
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Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the definitive treatment for end-stage hip osteoarthritis, reliably relieving pain and restoring joint function. However, patient-reported quality of life (QoL) after THA remains heterogeneous, with recovery trajectories influenced by a range of biological, psychological, and social factors. A
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Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the definitive treatment for end-stage hip osteoarthritis, reliably relieving pain and restoring joint function. However, patient-reported quality of life (QoL) after THA remains heterogeneous, with recovery trajectories influenced by a range of biological, psychological, and social factors. A comprehensive synthesis of these determinants is lacking, limiting our ability to optimize individualized perioperative care and long-term outcomes. This review examines the various factors impacting quality of life (QoL) before and after hip arthroplasty. An analysis of 67 studies reveals significant postoperative enhancements in physical function, pain alleviation, and overall patient satisfaction. Identified key factors encompass physical activity, mental health status (anxiety and depression), lifestyle choices (diet and weight management), and social support systems, particularly from spouses and family members. The review indicates that, although these elements positively influence recovery, it also recognizes limitations including dependence on subjective, self-reported QoL measures, possible selection biases, and inconsistencies in study design. The results indicate that a com-prehensive, patient-focused strategy—integrating organized rehabilitation, psychological assistance, and family engagement—can markedly improve recovery and long-term QoL for arthroplasty patients. Nonetheless, additional research employing standardized protocols and extended follow-up durations is essential to corroborate these findings and guide clinical practice. The early implementation of tailored, multidisciplinary perioperative pathways—including structured rehabilitation programs, routine psychological screening and intervention, nutritional counseling for weight management, and active family involvement—may optimize functional recovery, reduce complications, and maximize long-term QoL in patients undergoing THA. This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance post-surgical quality of life, thereby advancing the understanding of patient-centered recovery strategies in orthopedic care.
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Open AccessArticle
AI-Based Intervention to Enhance Self-Control in Adolescents Studying Drama—A Pilot Study
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Alina Mihaela Munteanu, Teodor Cristian Rădoi, Cristiana Susana Glavce, Monica Petrescu, Suzana Turcu and Adriana Borosanu
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010034 - 12 May 2025
Cited by 1
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(1) Background: Self-control is an essential capacity in educating young generations for the good management of personal resources and a healthy life adapted to the constantly changing demands of technological society. Artificial intelligence is an economical and efficient solution for designing medical education
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(1) Background: Self-control is an essential capacity in educating young generations for the good management of personal resources and a healthy life adapted to the constantly changing demands of technological society. Artificial intelligence is an economical and efficient solution for designing medical education programs aimed at optimizing this capacity, which can be personalized according to each personal needs and characteristics. (2) Methodology: This research is a sequential intervention study that aims to investigate if the level of impulsivity decreases and consequently the self-control in adolescents studying drama can be improved by using an online program designed for this purpose. The program’s effectiveness is evaluated by analyzing its impact on vocational performance and the reduction in unhealthy lifestyle habits. A sample of 90 subjects aged between 14 and 17 years, enrolled in the compulsory vocational education system was included in this study. The study was conducted over a five-month period and was organized in three stages: 1. The preparatory stage in which the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale was initially applied (pre-test scores); 2. Selecting the tasks for the online self-control education program and uploading the artificial intelligence network; the application of the program lasted for three months; 3. Applying Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (post-test scores). (3) Results: The results indicated both a statistically significant decrease in self-reported impulsivity and an improvement in the self-control of the sample of adolescents after three months of training on the online platform, compared to the pretest scores of impulsivity. (4) Conclusion: A comparative analysis between the initial and the final BIS scores showed a statistically significant decrease in teens‘ impulsivity, suggesting that the program was effective for this sample of adolescents. Consequently, the study findings indicate significant improvements in adolescents’ self-control after completing the three-month training program, which included cognitive-behavioral games.
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Our Experience and Literature Update Regarding Concomitant Radiotherapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors and Hormonal Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
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Laura-Florentina Rebegea, Dorel Firescu, Oana-Gabriela Trifanescu, Roxana-Andreea Rahnea-Nita, Liviu Bilteanu, Mihaela Dumitru, Florentina Lacatus and Gabriela Rahnea-Nita
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010033 - 12 May 2025
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Background and Objectives: Standard treatment in metastatic breast cancer with positive estrogen receptors and negative HER2neu is represented by CDK4 inhibitors combined with aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant. Palliative radiotherapy is indicated for symptoms or local–regional control. Multiple preclinical data suggest a potential synergistic
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Background and Objectives: Standard treatment in metastatic breast cancer with positive estrogen receptors and negative HER2neu is represented by CDK4 inhibitors combined with aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant. Palliative radiotherapy is indicated for symptoms or local–regional control. Multiple preclinical data suggest a potential synergistic effect when CDK4/6 inhibitors and radiotherapy are administered concurrently. We are trying to address some questions and/or to establish correlations within a subgroup of patients with unusual toxicities, the safety of combined treatments, the correlation with radiotherapy techniques and fractionation schemas. Also, we are aware that some organs at risk of a rapid turnover are more vulnerable to the occurrence of acute toxicities. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study includes 20 patients with metastatic breast cancer, treated with CDK4 inhibitors and radiotherapy on 29 disease sites; we followed the compliance and toxicities of combined treatments. Results: Regarding the recorded hematological toxicities, grade 1 associated with CDK4 inhibitors, occurring anterior radiotherapy was recorded; grade 2, leucopenia during radiotherapy presented in three cases without radiotherapy interrupting and leucopenia with neutropenia grade 3 presented in one case after pleural secondary lesion’s irradiation. Non-hematological grade 3 toxicities occurred in two cases: one case with grade 3 enteritis, at 2 weeks from bone metastases irradiation—iliac bone (in field toxicity) and one case with radiodermitis during radiotherapy on the breast and lymph node level, in the second week of external radiotherapy (RTE). Conclusions: In all analyzed cases, we obtained control of irradiated lesions. Secondary toxicities occurred only in irradiated areas. A close monitoring of patients during combined treatment must be considered and we are confident that in the future it will be possible to identify the subgroup of patients with a high risk of unusual toxicities occurring; additionally, we hope that using more conforming radiotherapy techniques minimizes the organ being at risk from radiation doses.
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Open AccessArticle
Hyperuricemia as a Systemic Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease: A Review of Clinical and Microbial Evidence
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Anca Silvia Dumitriu, Stana Paunica, Irina Bodnar, Dragos Nicolae Ciongaru, Brindusa Florina Mocanu, Marina Cristina Giurgiu, George Alexandru Denis Popescu and Dana Bodnar
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010032 - 8 May 2025
Abstract
(1) Background: Hyperuricemia and periodontal disease are interconnected through shared inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and microbiome alterations. Both conditions involve chronic inflammation with uric acid contributing to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that can exacerbate gum disease. Studies suggest that hyperuricemia may alter
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(1) Background: Hyperuricemia and periodontal disease are interconnected through shared inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and microbiome alterations. Both conditions involve chronic inflammation with uric acid contributing to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that can exacerbate gum disease. Studies suggest that hyperuricemia may alter the oral microbiome, increasing the risk of periodontal infections. In addition, gout, a condition linked to chronic hyperuricemia, is associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. (2) Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and periodontal disease, focusing on their inflammatory and microbial pathways. By integrating the literature data, the research attempts to better understand the potential role of gout as a risk factor for periodontal disease. (3) Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PICOS framework, including studies that evaluated the association between gout and periodontal disease. (4) Results: The review highlighted a consistent association between gout and increased periodontal inflammation, which was likely driven by shared inflammatory mediators. (5) Conclusions: The effective management of periodontal disease in patients with gout requires supportive oral hygiene practices, lifestyle changes/control of uric acid levels through diet, as well as specific therapy to reduce inflammation and microbial pathogens to reduce disease severity.
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Overview of the Surgical Management of Liver Oligometastatic Disease in Colorectal Cancer
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Anca Monica Oprescu Macovei, Dana Paula Venter, Bogdan Dumitriu, Constantin Oprescu, Mircea Dan Venter, Gabriel-Nicolae Andrei, Mures Sebastian Valcea Precup, Bogdan Socea and Mihai Stefan
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010031 - 7 May 2025
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Oligometastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) refers to a state in which distant metastatic spread is limited to a few sites, offering the potential for curative treatment with aggressive local therapies. The surgical management of oligometastatic CRC has gained increasing attention due to its potential
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Oligometastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) refers to a state in which distant metastatic spread is limited to a few sites, offering the potential for curative treatment with aggressive local therapies. The surgical management of oligometastatic CRC has gained increasing attention due to its potential to improve survival. This review explores the evolving role of surgery in the treatment of oligometastatic disease, focusing on the criteria for selecting patients, surgical techniques, and outcomes. While systemic therapy remains essential, surgery can offer long-term survival benefits for appropriately selected patients with limited metastatic disease, particularly those with metastases confined to the liver. Advances in imaging technologies, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and perioperative care have enhanced the safety and efficacy of these procedures. The integration of multimodal therapies, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, in conjunction with surgery, is also discussed, with a focus on optimizing outcomes. To conclude, surgical resection of liver metastases improves survival compared to systemic therapy alone; thus, resection should be taken into consideration whenever possible. For initially unresectable diseases, personalized conversion therapy is indicated. This review aims to clarify how and when liver resection can first be chosen; when preoperative systemic treatment is needed; and if this is chosen, what is the best approach.
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Open AccessCase Report
Challenges in the Treatment of a Refractory Testicular Germ Cell Tumor in Young Patients with Imminent Organ Failure—A Case Report
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Iuliana Pantelimon, Andra-Maria Stancu, Claudiu Socoliuc, Fikirie Abzait, Irina Balescu, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Cristian Balalau, Laurenţia Nicoleta Galeș and Iulian Brezean
J. Mind Med. Sci. 2025, 12(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmms12010030 - 6 May 2025
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Background/Aim: This case report navigates through the challenges of a complex clinical scenario involving germ cell tumors (GCTs), one of the most frequently encountered malignancies in adolescents and young adults. Case report: We present the case of an 18-year-old patient exhibiting atypical clinical
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Background/Aim: This case report navigates through the challenges of a complex clinical scenario involving germ cell tumors (GCTs), one of the most frequently encountered malignancies in adolescents and young adults. Case report: We present the case of an 18-year-old patient exhibiting atypical clinical manifestations, prompting emergent extensive surgical intervention. Upon admission to the Oncology Department, the adolescent presented with jaundice and dyspnea, being diagnosed with pure non-seminomatous embryonal carcinoma, a poor-risk prognosis group. Based on his prognostic group, the patient should have undergone chemotherapy with a well standardized regimen, but the imminent “liver visceral crisis” did not allow for the standard dose chemotherapy administration, so an adapted regimen of chemotherapy was considered and the full number of cycles was applied after this induction cycle. The treatment journey was protracted, emphasizing the need for early recognition and intervention in such cases. A comprehensive ongoing evaluation, including imagistic examinations and laboratory tests, revealed the presence of extensive refractory disease, which led to urgent treatment. Conclusions: This case provides valuable insights into the management of advanced testicular germ cell tumor in young patients facing imminent organ failure and underlines the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. Understanding the complexities of this condition can aid in improving patient outcomes and enhancing the quality of care provided.
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