Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) over prime fields relies on scalar point multiplication realized by point addition and point doubling. Point addition and point doubling operations consist of many modular multiplications of large operands (256 bits...
12 November 2021
The elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) has been proven to be vulnerable to non-invasive side-channel analysis attacks, such as timing, power, visible light, electromagnetic emanation, and acoustic analysis attacks. In ECC, the scalar multiplication co...
Security and privacy concerns pose significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of IoT technology. One potential solution to address these concerns is the implementation of cryptographic protocols on resource-constrained IoT edge nodes. However,...
With the rapid growth of connected vehicles and the vulnerability of embedded systems against cyber attacks in an era where quantum computers are becoming a reality, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is a crucial solution. Yet, by nature, automotive se...
This paper proposes a lightweight polynomial-based encryption architecture for resource-constrained IoT and wireless communication hardware. Instead of substitution boxes, the method uses key-dependent polynomial multiplication with minimal polynomia...
The emergence of quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional public-key cryptography, driving the urgent need for quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions. While quantum key distribution addresses secure key exchange, its dependency...
Health 4.0 is a new promising addition to the healthcare industry that innovatively includes the Internet of Things (IoT) and its heterogeneous devices and sensors. The result is the creation of numerous smart health applications that can be more eff...
Modern computing platforms increasingly rely on random number generators (RNGs) for modeling probabilistic processes in simulation, probabilistic computing, and system validation. They are also essential for cryptographic operations such as key gener...
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have deeply influenced the working and living styles of human beings. Information security and privacy for WSN is particularly crucial. Cryptographic algorithms are extensively exploited in WSN applications to ensure th...
Microservice architectures exploit container-based virtualized services, which rarely use hardware-based cryptography. A trusted platform module (TPM) offers a hardware root for trust in services that makes use of cryptographic operations. The virtua...
With the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology, security issues have received an increasing amount of attention. Since IoT devices are typically resource-limited, conventional security solutions, such as classical cryptography, are...
During the last few years, a wide variety of Internet of Drones (IoD) applications have emerged with numerous heterogeneous aerial and ground network elements interconnected and equipped with advanced sensors, computation resources, and communication...
This paper presents a review of module ring learning with errors-based (MLWE-based) public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithms. In particular, we introduce the preliminaries of public key cryptography, MLWE-based algorithms, and arithmeti...
Naor and Shamir introduced the fundamental concept of visual cryptography (VC) in 1994. In that model, the secret image is split into two meaningless shares, allowing the secret to be revealed and recognized by the human eye just by superimposing the...
The rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and 5G communication has positioned extended reality (XR) as a core technology bridging the physical and virtual worlds. Encompassing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR)...
The ever-increasing need for securing computing systems using cryptographic algorithms is spurring interest in the efficient implementation of common algorithms. While the algorithms can be implemented in software using base instruction sets, there i...
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly shaping the future of network security, thanks to their flexibility, parallel processing capabilities, and energy efficiency. In this survey, we examine 50 peer-reviewed studies published betwee...
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) has been widely used to speed up polynomial multiplication in lattice-based post-quantum algorithms. All NTT operands use modular arithmetic, especially modular multiplication, which significantly influences NTT h...
In cryptography, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is considered an efficient and secure method to implement digital signature algorithms (DSAs). ECC plays an essential role in many security applications, such as transport layer security (TLS), inter...
The security of Smart Meter (SM) systems will be a challenge in the era of quantum computing because a quantum computer might exploit characteristics of well-established cryptographic schemes to reach a successful security breach. From a practical pe...
The latest quantum computers have the ability to solve incredibly complex classical cryptography equations particularly to decode the secret encrypted keys and making the network vulnerable to hacking. They can solve complex mathematical problems alm...
The rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) leaves terminal devices vulnerable to considerable security challenges, notably the absence of robust yet efficient identity authentication mechanisms. Traditional certificate-based approaches i...
LoRa enables long-range communication for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, especially those with limited resources and low power requirements. Consequently, LoRa has emerged as a popular choice for numerous IoT applications. However, the security of...
In the modern era of the Internet of Things (IoT), especially with the rapid development of quantum computers, the implementation of postquantum cryptography algorithms in numerous terminals allows them to defend against potential future quantum atta...
Polynomial multiplication is the most computationally expensive part of the lattice-based cryptography algorithm. However, the existing acceleration schemes have problems, such as low performance and high hardware resource overhead. Based on the poly...
Fifth Generation (5G) cellular networks have been adopted worldwide since the rollout began around 2019. It brought with it many innovations and new services, such as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (UR...
The basic visual cryptography (VC) model was proposed by Naor and Shamir in 1994. The secret image is encrypted into pieces, called shares, which can be viewed by collecting and directly stacking these shares. Many related studies were subsequently p...
Information security is a fundamental and urgent issue in the digital transformation era. Cryptographic techniques and digital signatures have been applied to protect and authenticate relevant information. However, with the advent of quantum computer...
The standardisation of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) by NIST marks a critical transition away from classical public-key schemes towards quantum-resistant successors. As machine learning (ML) applications proliferate, the demand for efficient crypto...
Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is widely used for secure communications, because it can provide the same level of security as RSA with a much smaller key size. In constrained environments, it is important to consider efficiency, in terms of execut...
Multivariate quadratic (MQ) cryptography requires the use of long public and private keys to ensure a sufficient security level, but this is not favorable to embedded systems, which have limited system resources. Recently, various approaches to MQ cr...
Security of currently deployed public-key cryptography algorithms is foreseen to be vulnerable against quantum computer attacks. Hence, a community effort exists to develop post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms, most notably the NIST PQC standar...
We propose a novel optical method for performing integer division
Information is pivotal in contemporary society, highlighting the necessity for a secure cryptographic system. The emergence of quantum algorithms and the swift advancement of specialized quantum computers will render traditional cryptography suscepti...
Virtual reality (VR)/the metaverse is transforming into a ubiquitous technology by leveraging smart devices to provide highly immersive experiences at an affordable price. Cryptographically securing such augmented reality schemes is of paramount impo...
Cybersecurity is a critical issue for Real-Time IoT applications since high performance and low latencies are required, along with security requirements to protect the large number of attack surfaces to which IoT devices are exposed. Elliptic Curve C...
After being selected as a standard for Post-Quantum Cryptography Key Encapsulation Mechanisms by NIST, CRYSTALS-Kyber has driven the transformation of the information security field toward new standards. In CRYSTALS-Kyber, modular reduction is crucia...
Cryptosystems based on supersingular isogeny are a novel tool in post-quantum cryptography. One compelling characteristic is their concise keys and ciphertexts. However, the performance of supersingular isogeny computation is currently worse than tha...
The deployment of 5G and emerging 6G networks introduces significant security challenges for Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems comprising billions of heterogeneous devices, including resource-constrained endpoints, more capable embedded controllers...
Cryptographic primitives nowadays are not only implemented in high-performance systems but also in small-scale systems, which are increasingly powered by open-source processors, such as RISC-V. In this work, we leverage RISC-V’s modular base in...
Quantum computing has the potential to transform modern computation by offering exponential advantages in areas such as cryptography, optimization, and intelligent data processing. To effectively realize these advantages, particularly in fault-tolera...
The Internet of Things is integrating information systems, places, users and billions of constrained devices into one global network. This network requires secure and private means of communications. The building blocks of the Internet of Things are...
With the development of a quantum computer in the near future, classical public-key cryptography will face the challenge of being vulnerable to quantum algorithms, such as Shor’s algorithm. As communication technology advances rapidly, a great...
Lattice-based post-quantum cryptography relies on fast polynomial multiplication. The Number-Theoretic Transform (NTT) is the key operation that enables this acceleration. To provide high throughput and low latency while keeping the area overhead sma...
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a crucial technology used in many IoT applications such as healthcare, asset tracking, logistics, supply chain management, assembly, manufacturing, and payment systems. Nonetheless, RFID-based IoT a...
Blockchain technology is a game-changing, enhancing security for the supply chain of smart additive manufacturing. Blockchain enables the tracking and recording of the history of each transaction in a ledger stored in the cloud that cannot be altered...
Cryptography has become one of the vital disciplines for information technology such as IoT (Internet Of Things), IIoT (Industrial Internet Of Things), I4.0 (Industry 4.0), and automotive applications. Some fundamental characteristics required for th...
The residue number system is widely used in applications such as communication systems, cryptography, digital filters, digital signal processors, fault-tolerant detection, and so on. This paper proposes a multifunction modulo (2n ± 1) multipli...
In this paper, a low hardware consumption design of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) over GF(p) in embedded applications is proposed. The adder-based architecture is explored to reduce the hardware consumption of performing scalar multiplication (SM...
In this paper, a new image encryption transmission algorithm based on the parallel mode is proposed. This algorithm aims to improve information transmission efficiency and security based on existing hardware conditions. To improve efficiency, this pa...
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