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Advanced Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Vehicular Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2022) | Viewed by 10554

Special Issue Editors

Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
Interests: information security; cryptography; VANET security; cloud security; data privacy; network security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Cybersecurity Group, Delft University of Technology, Van Mourik Broekmanweg 6, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: privacy-preserving machine learning; blockchain and smart contract security; post-quantum security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been an important research area in recent years. With the emergence of new technologies—e.g., 5G, cloud/fog computing, blockchain, and federal learning—VANETs are currently facing new development trends. Advanced VANETs that combine traditional VANETs with these emerging technologies may significantly improve transportation safety and efficiency, as well as the experiences of car owners. However, advanced VANETs also encounter new challenges. Therefore, new architectures, mechanisms, and protocols must be developed to overcome them.

This Special Issue addresses new architectures, mechanisms, and protocols designed for advanced VANETs. Survey papers also welcome.

Dr. Lei Zhang
Dr. Weizhi Meng
Prof. Kaitai Liang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 5G-enabled VANET
  • vehicular cloud/fog
  • block-chain based VANET
  • security and privacy
  • federal learning in VANET
  • intrusion detection

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1973 KiB  
Article
Optimal Path Routing Protocol for Warning Messages Dissemination for Highway VANET
by Mumtaz Ali Shah, Farrukh Zeeshan Khan, Ghulam Abbas, Ziaul Haq Abbas, Jehad Ali, Sumayh S. Aljameel, Irfan Ullah Khan and Nida Aslam
Sensors 2022, 22(18), 6839; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186839 - 09 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), helpful information dissemination establishes the foundation of communication. One of the significant difficulties in developing a successful dissemination system for VANETs is avoiding traffic fatalities. Another essential success metric is the transfer of reliable and secure warning [...] Read more.
In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), helpful information dissemination establishes the foundation of communication. One of the significant difficulties in developing a successful dissemination system for VANETs is avoiding traffic fatalities. Another essential success metric is the transfer of reliable and secure warning messages through the shortest path, particularly on highways with high mobility. Clustering vehicles is a general solution to these challenges, as it allows warning alerts to be re-broadcast to nearby clusters by fewer vehicles. Hence, trustworthy cluster head (CH) selections are critical to decreasing the number of retransmissions. In this context, we suggest a clustering technique called Optimal Path Routing Protocol for Warning Messages (OPRP) for dissemination in highway VANETs. OPRP relies on mobility measured to reinforce cluster creation, evade transmission overhead, and sustain message authenticity in a high mobility environment. Moreover, we consider communication between the cluster heads to reduce the number of transmissions. Furthermore, the cluster head is chosen using the median technique based on an odd or even number of vehicles for a stable and lengthy cluster life. By altering traffic densities and speeds, OPRP is compared with prominent schemes. Simulation results revealed that OPRP offers enhanced throughput, end-to-end delay, maximizing packet delivery ratio, and message validity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks)
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12 pages, 1252 KiB  
Article
Reinforcement Learning Environment for Advanced Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Communication Systems
by Lincoln Herbert Teixeira and Árpád Huszák
Sensors 2022, 22(13), 4732; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134732 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
Ad hoc vehicular networks have been identified as a suitable technology for intelligent communication amongst smart city stakeholders as the intelligent transportation system has progressed. However, in a highly mobile area, the growing usage of wireless technologies creates a challenging context. To increase [...] Read more.
Ad hoc vehicular networks have been identified as a suitable technology for intelligent communication amongst smart city stakeholders as the intelligent transportation system has progressed. However, in a highly mobile area, the growing usage of wireless technologies creates a challenging context. To increase communication reliability in this environment, it is necessary to use intelligent tools to solve the routing problem to create a more stable communication system. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an excellent tool to solve this problem. We propose creating a complex objective space with geo-positioning information of vehicles, propagation signal strength, and environmental path loss with obstacles (city map, with buildings) to train our model and get the best route based on route stability and hop number. The obtained results show significant improvement in the routes’ strength compared with traditional communication protocols and even with other RL tools when only one parameter is used for decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks)
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29 pages, 2075 KiB  
Article
An SHA-3 Hardware Architecture against Failures Based on Hamming Codes and Triple Modular Redundancy
by Alan Torres-Alvarado, Luis Alberto Morales-Rosales, Ignacio Algredo-Badillo, Francisco López-Huerta, Mariana Lobato-Báez and Juan Carlos López-Pimentel
Sensors 2022, 22(8), 2985; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082985 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1952
Abstract
Cryptography has become one of the vital disciplines for information technology such as IoT (Internet Of Things), IIoT (Industrial Internet Of Things), I4.0 (Industry 4.0), and automotive applications. Some fundamental characteristics required for these applications are confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation, which can [...] Read more.
Cryptography has become one of the vital disciplines for information technology such as IoT (Internet Of Things), IIoT (Industrial Internet Of Things), I4.0 (Industry 4.0), and automotive applications. Some fundamental characteristics required for these applications are confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation, which can be achieved using hash functions. A cryptographic hash function that provides a higher level of security is SHA-3. However, in real and modern applications, hardware implementations based on FPGA for hash functions are prone to errors due to noise and radiation since a change in the state of a bit can trigger a completely different hash output than the expected one, due to the avalanche effect or diffusion, meaning that modifying a single bit changes most of the desired bits of the hash; thus, it is vital to detect and correct any error during the algorithm execution. Current hardware solutions mainly seek to detect errors but not correct them (e.g., using parity checking or scrambling). To the best of our knowledge, there are no solutions that detect and correct errors for SHA-3 hardware implementations. This article presents the design and a comparative analysis of four FPGA architectures: two without fault tolerance and two with fault tolerance, which employ Hamming Codes to detect and correct faults for SHA-3 using an Encoder and a Decoder at the step-mapping functions level. Results show that the two hardware architectures with fault tolerance can detect up to a maximum of 120 and 240 errors, respectively, for every run of KECCAK-p, which is considered the worst case. Additionally, the paper provides a comparative analysis of these architectures with other works in the literature in terms of experimental results such as frequency, resources, throughput, and efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks)
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24 pages, 4581 KiB  
Article
Secure and Efficient High Throughput Medium Access Control for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
by Mohammed Abdulhakim Al-Absi, Ahmed Abdulhakim Al-Absi, Rui Fu, Ki-Hwan Kim, Young-Sil Lee, Byung-Gook Lee, Sang-Gon Lee and Hoon-Jae Lee
Sensors 2021, 21(14), 4935; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144935 - 20 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2436
Abstract
The evolution of the internet has led to the growth of smart application requirements on the go in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). VANET enables vehicles to communicate smartly among themselves wirelessly. Increasing usage of wireless technology induces many security [...] Read more.
The evolution of the internet has led to the growth of smart application requirements on the go in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). VANET enables vehicles to communicate smartly among themselves wirelessly. Increasing usage of wireless technology induces many security vulnerabilities. Therefore, effective security and authentication mechanism is needed to prevent an intruder. However, authentication may breach user privacy such as location or identity. Cryptography-based approach aids in preserving the privacy of the user. However, the existing security models incur communication and key management overhead since they are designed considering a third-party server. To overcome the research issue, this work presents an efficient security model namely secure performance enriched channel allocation (SPECA) by using commutative RSA. This work further presents the commutative property of the proposed security scheme. Experiments conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed SPECA over state-of-the-art models show significant improvement. The outcome shows that SPECA minimizes collision and maximizes system throughput considering different radio propagation environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks)
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17 pages, 423 KiB  
Article
Privacy-Preserving Smart Road-Pricing System with Trustworthiness Evaluation in VANETs
by Qingfeng Zhu, Sai Ji, Jian Shen and Yongjun Ren
Sensors 2021, 21(11), 3658; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113658 - 24 May 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1811
Abstract
With the advanced development of the intelligent transportation system, vehicular ad hoc networks have been observed as an excellent technology for the development of intelligent traffic management in smart cities. Recently, researchers and industries have paid great attention to the smart road-tolling system. [...] Read more.
With the advanced development of the intelligent transportation system, vehicular ad hoc networks have been observed as an excellent technology for the development of intelligent traffic management in smart cities. Recently, researchers and industries have paid great attention to the smart road-tolling system. However, it is still a challenging task to ensure geographical location privacy of vehicles and prevent improper behavior of drivers at the same time. In this paper, a reliable road-tolling system with trustworthiness evaluation is proposed, which guarantees that vehicle location privacy is secure and prevents malicious vehicles from tolling violations at the same time. Vehicle route privacy information is encrypted and uploaded to nearby roadside units, which then forward it to the traffic control center for tolling. The traffic control center can compare data collected by roadside units and video surveillance cameras to analyze whether malicious vehicles have behaved incorrectly. Moreover, a trustworthiness evaluation is applied to comprehensively evaluate the multiple attributes of the vehicle to prevent improper behavior. Finally, security analysis and experimental simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better robustness compared with existing approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks)
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