The gradient method used to estimate soil CO2 flux is distinctive because it can provide additional information about CO2 production and consumption of soil profile. However, choosing an appropriate gas diffusion model with confidence with the gradie...
6 September 2017
The hyporheic zone regulates physicochemical processes in surface-groundwater systems and can be an important source of heavy metals in fluvial systems. This study assesses the pore water concentrations and diffusive fluxes of heavy metals with respe...
Methane (CH4) is one of the key greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere with current concentration of 1859 ppb in 2017 due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. Rivers are of increasing concern due to sources of atmospheric CH4. However,...
Fast high-temperature gas-phase reactions occurring in the limited space of the arc cavity in the submerged arc welding (SAW) process limit the study of specific gas-phase behaviours. A low-temperature experimental method is applied to investigate ga...
A 1-D diffusion model of temperature is employed to understand important features of temperature response to the changes of surface heat flux (SHF) and vertical diffusivity shown in 3-D model simulations. Analytical results show that the temperature...
Under the premise of controlling the external input of nitrogen and phosphorus, endogenous release is the main cause of eutrophication in lakes. To investigate the characteristics of endogenous nitrogen and phosphorus release from urban rivers, the Y...
The quantitative understanding of the transport behavior of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in near-surface soils is highly important in light of the potential impacts of soil VOC emissions on the air quality and climate. Previous studies have sugg...
The modular structure of the boundary layer and convection parameterizations in atmospheric models have long been affecting the numerical representation of subgrid-scale motions and their mutual interactions. A promising alternative, the eddy-diffusi...
This article considers an unsteady elastic diffusion model of Euler–Bernoulli beam oscillations in the presence of diffusion flux relaxation. We used the model of coupled elastic diffusion for a homogeneous orthotropic multicomponent continuum...
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in contaminated soils have been investigated in near-surface environments to describe their transport behaviors and the resultant impacts of vapor intrusion into buildings. Prior studies have suggested that temperatu...
This study examined the diffusion of nutrients (NH4+, NO3−, and PO43−) in the pore water of intertidal sediments in Lake Komuke (located in the northeastern part of Hokkaido on the coast of Okhotsk Sea) across nine stations, at 0 cm to 40...
Subgrid scale models for unresolved turbulent fluxes are investigated, with a focus on combustion for space propulsion applications. An extension to the gradient model is proposed, introducing a dependency on the local burning regimen. The dynamic be...
The detection of low gas concentrations from the soil surface demands expensive high-precision devices to estimate nitrous oxide (N2O) flux. As the prevalence of N2O concentration in the soil atmosphere is higher than its surface, the present study a...
A numerical study was conducted to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a supersonic second throat exhaust diffuser for high-altitude simulations. The numerical results were satisfactorily validated by the experimental results. A...
Generative model-assisted design has become a trend, providing a new paradigm for knitted fabric image generation. The FLUX diffusion model was chosen to generate images in this study and was compared to other generative models. In order to effective...
The possibility of using various types of ion-exchange membranes in diffusion dialysis for the separation of sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate has been evaluated. The process of the dialysis separation of a real waste solution from an electroplating f...
In this paper, the characteristics of water pollution in Yitong River were analyzed by the comprehensive pollution index method. Combined with the pore water concentration gradient method and Fick’s first law, the release characteristics of nut...
This study presents a novel strategy for controlling the orientation of MoS2 films on thick metallic substrates through precise regulation of the sulfur flux alone. In contrast to previous approaches that rely on substrate modifications or complex pa...
Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace applications due to their high specific strength and exceptional corrosion resistance. In this study, a silicide coating with a multi-layer structure was designed and prepared via a pack cementation proces...
New transdermal biosensors measure analytes that diffuse from the bloodstream through the skin, making it important to reduce the system response time and understand measurement output. While highly customized models have been created for specific se...
A three-dimensional mathematical model and simulation of the impurity diffusion process are developed under the given statistical characteristics of the system of internal stochastically disposed point sources of mass. These sources, possessing varyi...
A new method for flux-free diffusion joining of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles (SiCp/Al MMCs) in atmosphere environment has been developed. Liquid gallium and nano-copper particles were employed as filler metal under joining...
Novel nonlinear power-law flux models were utilized to model the heat transport phe-nomenon in nano-micropolar fluid over a flexible surface. The nonlinear conservation laws (mass, momentum, energy, mass transport and angular momentum) and KKL cor-re...
The fundamental premise of apatite U-Th-Pb thermochronology is that radiogenic Pb is redistributed by volume diffusion. In practice, it is often additionally assumed that crystals (1) lose radiogenic Pb to an infinite reservoir, (2) have a simple geo...
Current disquisition is presented to excogitate heat and mass transfer features of second grade fluid flow generated by an inclined cylinder under the appliance of diffusion, radiative heat flux, convective and Joule heating effects. Mathematical mod...
An interface-corrected diffuse interface method is presented in this work for the simulation of incompressible multiphase flows with large density ratios. In this method, an interface correction term together with a mass correction term is introduced...
Water temperature serves as a key environmental factor of lakes and the most basic parameter for analyzing the thermal conditions of a water body. Based on the observation and analysis of the water temperature of Qinghuahu Lake in the Heilongjiang Pr...
In this paper, a multi-energy groups of a neutron diffusion equations system is analytically solved by a residual power series method. The solution is generalized to consider three different geometries: slab, cylinder and sphere. Diffusion of two and...
Wetlands are hotspots of CH4 emissions to the atmosphere, mainly sustained by microbial decomposition of organic matter in anoxic sediments. Several knowledge gaps exist on how environmental drivers shape CH4 emissions from these ecosystems, posing c...
Rapid industrialization and the influx of human resources have led to the establishment of industrial complexes near urban areas, exposing residents to various air pollutants. This has led to a decline in air quality, impacting neighboring residentia...
Adsorbed polyphenolic compound (resveratrol) to a wheat straw matrix was considered as a model system for studying the influence of particle sizes and crystallinity of cell wall cellulose on the extraction process from the matrix of plant material. T...
Membrane fouling remains one of the most critical drawbacks in membrane filtration processes. Although the effect of various operating parameters—such as flow velocity, concentration, and foulant size—are well-studied, the impact of parti...
This study investigated surface layer turbulence characteristics and parameters using 20 Hz eddy covariance data collected from five heights with winds up to 42.27 m s−1 when Super Typhoon Maria (2018) made landfall. The dependence of these par...
We propose a model for glioma patterns in a microlocal tumor environment under the influence of acidity, angiogenesis, and tissue anisotropy. The bottom-up model deduction eventually leads to a system of reaction–diffusion–taxis equations...
Bayesian analysis is particularly useful for inferring models and their parameters given data. This is a common task in metabolic modeling, where models of varying complexity are used to interpret data. Nested sampling is a class of probabilistic inf...
This study investigates various factors that influence the cold-cracking ratio (CCR) of flux-cored arc welds through Y- and y-groove tests. Factors affecting the CCR include the alloy component, diffusible hydrogen content, microstructure, hardness,...
Hydrogen could be a promising source fuel, and is often considered as a clean energy carrier as it can be produced by ethanol. The use of ethanol presents several advantages, because it is a renewable feedstock, easy to transport, biodegradable, has...
In three-dimensional simulations of free-surface flow where the vertical velocities are relevant, such as in lakes, estuaries, reservoirs, and coastal zones, a nonhydrostatic hydrodynamic approach may be necessary. Although the nonhydrostatic hydrody...
High susceptibility to cold cracking induced by diffusible hydrogen and hydrogen embrittlement are major obstacles to greater utilization of underwater wet welding for high-strength steels. The aim of the research was to develop gas–slag system...
An implicit flux-corrected transport (FCT) and diffusion algorithm was developed and used in many gas discharge calculations. Such calculations require the use of a fine mesh where the electric field changes rapidly; that is, near electrodes or in a...
Eutrophication is prevalent in urban lakes; however, a knowledge gap exists regarding eutrophication influences on carbon dynamics in these ecosystems. In the present study, we investigated the carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentration and...
In this study, M2 tidal energy and tide-induced mixing in the Mariana double ridges are investigated with a high-resolution three-dimensional non-hydrostatic numerical model and baroclinic energy budget analysis. The interference effect of the double...
Extreme atmospheric conditions in the marine and offshore industry are harmful to engineering materials, especially to welded joints, and may cause degradation of their properties. This article presents the results of research on the plasticity of be...
Nitrogen and phosphorus are key elements in controlling eutrophication in the aquatic system. Water and sediment samples were collected from Hongfeng Lake, a seasonally stratified reservoir in southwest China, in winter and summer. Diffusion fluxes o...
Three steel types (AISI 1020, AISI 8620, AISI 4120) with similar carbon content and different Cr content were used as test specimens to closely examine the effect of alloying elements for carbon penetration and diffusion on the steel surface during v...
To investigate the impact of experimental interventions on living biological tissue, ex vivo rodent brain slices are often used as a more controllable alternative to a live animal model. However, for meaningful results, the biological sample must be...
Evaporating a liquid sessile drop deposited on a horizontal surface is an important object of applications (printing technologies, electronics, sensorics, medical diagnostics, hydrophobic coatings, etc.) and theoretical investigations (microfluidics,...
As a result of the inexorable development of the economy and the ever-increasing population, the demand for water in the urban and rural sectors has increased, and this in turn has caused the water quality and eutrophication of the reservoir to becom...
The monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) is a key element in tumor cell metabolism and inhibition of MCT1 with AZD3965 is undergoing clinical trials. We aimed to investigate nutrient fluxes associated with MCT1 inhibition by AZD3965 to identify possi...
11 November 2024
We report the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observation of a bifurcated reconnecting current sheet in Earth’s dayside magnetosheath. Typical signatures of the ion diffusion region, including sub-Alfvénic demagnetized ion outflow, super...
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