L-citrulline plays important roles in many physiological processes, and its application range is expanding rapidly. Corynebacterium glutamicum strains have the potential to be efficient L-citrulline producers. In this study, we performed optimization...
L-citrulline is a non-protein amino acid with critical roles in perinatal and neonatal physiology through the intestinal–renal arginine–citrulline axis and nitric oxide (NO) production. During pregnancy, L-citrulline supports placental an...
Background/Objectives: Despite significant advancements in cancer treatment outcomes, side effects, such as gastrointestinal mucositis (GIM), continue to impair patients’ quality of life. The recent literature suggests L-citrulline as a novel t...
Background: The repercussions on oxidative and inflammatory stress markers under the effects of arginine and citrulline in response to exercise are not fully reached. We completed a systematic review to investigate the effects of L-Citrulline or L-Ar...
The present study aimed to investigate whether acute L-citrulline supplementation would affect inspiratory muscle oxygenation and respiratory performance. Twelve healthy males received 6 g of L-citrulline or placebo in a double-blind crossover design...
25 April 2024
Obesity in adolescents is associated with non-communicable risk factors and diseases like metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. L-citrulline is a non-protein amino acid that has show...
L-citrulline (L-CIT), a precursor to L-arginine (L-ARG), is a key contributor to the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by deficient nitric oxide synthesis, is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neonata...
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a pathology that affects both an individual’s life and their partner’s, representing an increasing health concern. Currently, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) remain the first-line therapy for erect...
Background: The dietary supplement citrulline might increase nitric oxide levels, leading to vasodilation and improved blood flow, potentially benefiting athletes’ aerobic exercise performance. However, rapid oxidative impairment of the L-argin...
Background: Post-COVID-19 syndrome is associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED) and various sequelae, particularly in individuals who experienced critical illness during the acute phase, affecting lung function and the musculoskeletal system. L-ci...
Increased blood pressure (BP), vascular dysfunction and inflammation are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although several dietary components such as polyphenols and L-citrulline may help to control BP, their combined impact...
This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary L-citrulline supplementation on the health of mares during late gestation. Thirty-two healthy mares in late pregnancy were randomly assigned to four groups: a control group (CON, 0 g/d) and three...
Children with obesity are at higher risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases that once were considered health conditions of adults. Obesity is commonly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulin...
Consumption of amino acids L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-citrulline (L-Cit) are purported to increase nitric oxide (NO) production and improve physical performance. Clinical trials have shown relatively more favorable outcomes than not after supplementing...
Endothelial dysfunction decreases exercise limb blood flow (BF) and muscle oxygenation. Acute L-Citrulline supplementation (CIT) improves muscle tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) during exercise. Although CIT impr...
Background: Acute and chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, contributing to early mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although L-citrulline (CIT) supplem...
L-citrulline (L-cit) is a key intermediate in the urea cycle and is known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammation characteristics. However, the role of L-cit in ameliorating oxidative damage and immune dysfunction against iron overload in the th...
The suckling phase is the critical window for rumen functional maturation, yet amino-acid-based interventions tailored to this stage remain scarce. L-citrulline (L-cit) bypasses hepatic first-pass metabolism, is converted to L-arginine peripherally,...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise L-citrulline supplementation on the athletic performance of Yili speed-racing horses during a high-intensity exercise. On the 20th day of the experiment, blood samples were colle...
Background: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity contribute to vascular dysfunction through oxidative stress, heightening cardiovascular risk. Oral supplementation with L-citrulline (L-cit), a precursor of L-ar...
Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), the gaseous signaling molecule involved in the regulation of numerous vital biological functions, contributes to the development and progression of multiple age- and lifestyle-related diseases. While l...
Background: L-Arginine (Arg) is an essential amino acid and a precursor for the synthesis of vascular nitric oxide, while L-Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid substrate for increasing L-arginine. Both L-arginine and L-Citrulline in translationa...
The amino acid L-arginine is crucial for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, an important molecule regulating vascular tone. Considering that vascular dysfunction precedes cardiovascular disease, supplementation with precursors of NO synthesis (e.g., L-argi...
L-Citrulline is a non-essential but still important amino acid that is released from enterocytes. Because plasma levels are reduced in case of impaired intestinal function, it has become a biomarker to monitor intestinal integrity. Moreover, oxidativ...
Nitric oxide is a gaseous molecule endogenously produced by endothelial cells, which stands out for its vascular tone regulation effects after crossing through the endothelium and diffusing to smooth blood vessel muscle cells. Reduced nitric oxide bi...
Pathophysiological conditions such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, characterized by low nitric oxide bioavailability, deficient endothelium-dependent vasodilation and heart effort, predispose individuals to atherosclerotic lesions...
7 April 2022
The effects of L-citrulline or L-arginine supplementation on exercise performance are equivocal, and the effects on swimming performance are unclear. We aimed to assess whether 8-day supplementation with L-arginine or L-citrulline supplementation wou...
In sports nutrition, nitric oxide (NO•) precursors such as L-citrulline are widely used to enhance NO• bioavailability, which is considered an ergogenic aid. Our study aimed to examine the effect of short-term L-citrulline supplementation o...
Background: Recent metabolomics studies have found circulatory metabolism alterations in patients with asthma, indicating that altered metabolites played a significant role in asthma. However, the regulatory mechanisms in asthma, especially in young...
Non-proteinogenic amino acids, such as L-citrulline and L-theanine, have garnered attention for their potential health benefits, including enhanced immunity, antioxidant activity, and cardiovascular support. The application of natural amino acids in...
Nitric-oxide-stimulating dietary supplements are widely available and marketed to strength athletes and weightlifters seeking to increase muscle performance and augment training adaptations. These supplements contain ingredients classified as nitric...
Infants and children suffering from a variety of heart, lung, and blood disorders are known to be at risk of developing systemic or pulmonary vascular disease. Despite progress made in clinical care, these patients continue to experience high morbidi...
L-Arginine (Arg) has been widely used due to its functional properties as a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) generation. However, L-citrulline (CIT), whose main natural source is watermelon, is a non-essential amino acid but which has important health...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known vasodilator produced by the vascular endothelium via the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The inadequate production of NO has been linked to elevated blood pressure (BP) in both human and animal studi...
Background/Objectives: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a natural dietary source of L-citrulline and L-arginine, the two amino acids involved in nitric oxide (NO) production and vasodilation. Pre-clinical and clinical studies using isolated amino ac...
Endurance athletes often aim to improve their aerobic metabolism. The aim of this pilot study was to examine if malic acid and L-citrulline supplementation can improve aerobic metabolism and lactate elimination. Nine young (23.9 ± 1.9 years) r...
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is one of the most aggressive viral pathogens affecting commercial tomato cultivars, causing severe economic losses worldwide. Since plant viral diseases cannot be effectively controlled with pesticides, alter...
L-citrulline serves as a nitric oxide precursor with the potential to increase blood flow and improve resistance exercise performance, yet more research is needed to examine its ergogenic potential. To examine the effect of L-citrulline supplementati...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-Citrulline (L-Cit) supplementation on the rumen microbiota and reproductive performance of Turpan black ewes (each ewe was supplemented with 12 g of L-Cit daily). A total of 120 multiparous Turpan blac...
Hypertension and arterial stiffness are significant factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. L-citrulline, a nitric oxide precursor, has been proposed as a nutritional, non-pharmacological blood pressure-lowering intervention. This study aimed...
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combined L-arginine and L-citrulline beverage can enhance total nitric oxide (NOx), as well as physiological (cardiopulmonary metrics) and perceptual (rate of perceived exertion) responses to a rep...
The global market for nutritional supplements (NS) is growing rapidly, and the use of L-arginine (Arg), L-citrulline (Cit), and citrulline malate (CitMal) supplements has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health and athletic performance. Over the...
Nutritional and ergogenic aid supplementation is prevalent within athletic or general fitness populations, and is only continuing to gain momentum. Taken in isolation or as a combination, amino acid (AA) supplementation has the potential to increase...
Heart rate variability (HRV) provides a simple method to evaluate autonomic function in health and disease. A reduction in HRV may indicate autonomic dysfunction and is strongly associated with aspects of cardiometabolic disease, including hyperglyce...
Aging and menopause are associated with decreased nitric oxide bioavailability due to reduced L-arginine (L-ARG) levels contributing to endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED precedes arterial stiffness and hypertension development, a major risk factor for...
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a landmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at the core of the cardiovascular consequences of OSA. IH triggers oxidative stress, a major underlying mechanism for elevated blood pressure (BP) and increased infarct size. L-...
Background/Objectives: L-Citrulline (CIT) is a non-essential amino acid abundant in watermelon and commonly used as a dietary supplement to enhance exercise performance. Although its benefits for endurance and resistance training are well documented,...
Background: The management of erectile dysfunction (ED) shows several grey zones and new treatments are required to reduce the percentage of patients discontinuing treatment. Here, we aim to evaluate the role of a natural mixture named Icarifil®...
Metformin (N,N-dimethylguanylguanidine) is one of the most prescribed drugs with pleiotropic, exerted in part by not fully elucidated mechanisms of action. We developed and validated a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method f...
Consuming carbohydrate- and antioxidant-rich fruits during exercise as a means of supporting and enhancing both performance and health is of interest to endurance athletes. Watermelon (WM) contains carbohydrate, lycopene, l-citrulline, and l-arginine...
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