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Molecules, Volume 21, Issue 4

2016 April - 149 articles

Cover Story: With its epidemic proportion and an attrition rate approaching 100%, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an extremely frustrating drug discovery field. Unlike many other major diseases, no medicine has been found to cure or even slow the course of AD. Recently, a small ray of hope has broken through the gloomy outcomes associated with AD: the development of the so-called multitarget drugs. These are single molecules which, acting simultaneously on different pharmacological targets of the disease network, are inherently more adequate to confront AD complex brain pathology. In this issue, Maria Laura Bolognesi, University of Bologna, Italy, and colleagues argue in support of a multitarget drug discovery strategy as a powerful way to develop new, effective, anti-AD drugs. At the same time, they also warn that challenges remain and there is much to learn as we embark on this journey to move them from bench to bedside. View the paper
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Articles (149)

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
11,033 Views
14 Pages

Breast Cancer Stem Cell Culture and Enrichment Using Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Scaffolds

  • Sònia Palomeras,
  • Marc Rabionet,
  • Inés Ferrer,
  • Ariadna Sarrats,
  • Maria Luisa Garcia-Romeu,
  • Teresa Puig and
  • Joaquim Ciurana

The cancer stem cell (CSC) population displays self-renewal capabilities, resistance to conventional therapies, and a tendency to post-treatment recurrence. Increasing knowledge about CSCs’ phenotype and functions is needed to investigate new therape...

  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
9,041 Views
24 Pages

Bifunctional Phosphorus Dendrimers and Their Properties

  • Anne-Marie Caminade and
  • Jean-Pierre Majoral

Dendrimers are hyperbranched and monodisperse macromolecules, generally considered as a special class of polymers, but synthesized step-by-step. Most dendrimers have a uniform structure, with a single type of terminal function. However, it is often d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
62 Citations
9,925 Views
13 Pages

We previously reported that the citrus flavonoid 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF) increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of a transient global ischemia mouse model. Since the BDNF hypothesis o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
11,242 Views
10 Pages

Highly Efficient Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared by Low-Temperature Processing

  • Hao Hu,
  • Ka Kan Wong,
  • Tom Kollek,
  • Fabian Hanusch,
  • Sebastian Polarz,
  • Pablo Docampo and
  • Lukas Schmidt-Mende

In this work, we describe the role of the different layers in perovskite solar cells to achieve reproducible, ~16% efficient perovskite solar cells. We used a planar device architecture with PEDOT:PSS on the bottom, followed by the perovskite layer a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
12,074 Views
10 Pages

Crystallization of Esomeprazole Magnesium Water/Butanol Solvate

  • Jenna Skieneh,
  • Bahareh Khalili Najafabadi,
  • Stephen Horne and
  • Sohrab Rohani

The molecular structure of esomeprazole magnesium derivative in the solid-state is reported for the first time, along with a simplified crystallization pathway. The structure was determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique to reve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
7,642 Views
13 Pages

Despite the available chemotherapy and treatment, leukemia remains a difficult disease to cure due to frequent relapses after treatment. Among the heterogeneous leukemic cells, a rare population referred as the leukemic stem cell (LSC), is thought to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,444 Views
7 Pages

The weevil Aegorhinus superciliosus Guérin (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is endemic to Central-Southern Chile and Argentina, is one of the major berry pests in Chile and the most important pest in the La Araucanía Region (38°44′9″S, 72°35′25″W)....

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,122 Views
18 Pages

Identification of Subnanometric Ag Species, Their Interaction with Supports and Role in Catalytic CO Oxidation

  • Yulia Kotolevich,
  • Ekaterina Kolobova,
  • Evgeniy Khramov,
  • Jesús Efren Cabrera Ortega,
  • Mario H. Farías,
  • Yan Zubavichus,
  • Rodolfo Zanella,
  • Josué D. Mota-Morales,
  • Alexey Pestryakov and
  • Vicente Cortés Corberán
  • + 1 author

The nature and size of the real active species of nanoparticulated metal supported catalysts is still an unresolved question. The technique of choice to measure particle sizes at the nanoscale, HRTEM, has a practical limit of 1 nm. This work is aimed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
9,449 Views
10 Pages

Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions from Luculia pinceana Flower and Its Changes at Different Stages of Flower Development

  • Yuying Li,
  • Hong Ma,
  • Youming Wan,
  • Taiqiang Li,
  • Xiuxian Liu,
  • Zhenghai Sun and
  • Zhenghong Li

Luculia plants are famed ornamental plants with sweetly fragrant flowers, of which L. pinceana Hooker, found primarily in Yunnan Province, China, has the widest distribution. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-M...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,438 Views
18 Pages

The Effects of Topical Application of Polycal (a 2:98 (g/g) Mixture of Polycan and Calcium Gluconate) on Experimental Periodontitis and Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

  • Sang-In Park,
  • Su-Jin Kang,
  • Chang-Hyun Han,
  • Joo-Wan Kim,
  • Chang-Hyun Song,
  • Sang-Nam Lee,
  • Sae-Kwang Ku and
  • Young-Joon Lee

The aim of this study was to observe whether Polycal has inhibitory activity on ligation-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in rats following topical application to the gingival regions. One day after the ligation place...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,826 Views
13 Pages

Enantioselective Separation of 4,8-DHT and Phytotoxicity of the Enantiomers on Various Plant Species

  • Li Yang,
  • Xiao-Yan Ma,
  • Xiao Ruan,
  • De-An Jiang,
  • Cun-De Pan and
  • Qiang Wang

As a candidate for bioherbicide, 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (4,8-DHT) was isolated from Caryospora callicarpa epicarp and its two enantiomers, S-(+)-isosclerone and R-(−)-regiolone, were separated by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
7,837 Views
10 Pages

Glycyrrhetic Acid Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Vivo

  • Yong-Deok Jeon,
  • Sa-Haeng Kang,
  • Keuk-Soo Bang,
  • Young-Nam Chang,
  • Jong-Hyun Lee and
  • Jong-Sik Jin

Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) is a Korean traditional herb medicine that is widely used in clinical health care. Glycyrrhetic acid (GA) is an aglycone saponin extracted from GR that has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-viral effects. However, the a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
10,416 Views
14 Pages

Effect of Food Emulsifiers on Aroma Release

  • Jia-Jia Li,
  • Man Dong,
  • Yan-Long Liu,
  • Lu-Lu Zhang,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Zi-Yu Yang,
  • Jing-Nan Ren,
  • Si-Yi Pan and
  • Gang Fan

This study aimed to determine the influence of different emulsifiers or xanthan-emulsifier systems on the release of aroma compounds. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS were used to study the effects of varying concentrations of xanthan gum...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
8,717 Views
11 Pages

Chestnut shell melanin can be used as a colorant and antioxidant, and fractionated into three fractions (Fr. 1, Fr. 2, and Fr. 3) with different physicochemical properties. Antioxidant activities of the fractions were comparatively evaluated for the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,883 Views
11 Pages

Sorption Kinetics on Open Carbon Nanohorn Aggregates: The Effect of Molecular Diameter

  • Brice A. Russell,
  • Pravin Khanal,
  • Maria M. Calbi,
  • Masako Yudasaka,
  • Sumio Iijima and
  • Aldo D. Migone

We present the results of a study of the kinetics of adsorption on aggregates of open carbon nanohorns using argon and CF4 sorbates. We measured the equilibration times for each value of the sorbent loading along eight adsorption isotherms (four isot...

  • Review
  • Open Access
97 Citations
21,067 Views
38 Pages

Natural Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia: An Overview

  • Rosaliana Libro,
  • Sabrina Giacoppo,
  • Thangavelu Soundara Rajan,
  • Placido Bramanti and
  • Emanuela Mazzon

The word dementia describes a class of heterogeneous diseases which etiopathogenetic mechanisms are not well understood. There are different types of dementia, among which, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
8,485 Views
16 Pages

Delivery of Gemcitabine Prodrugs Employing Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

  • Alessio Malfanti,
  • Ivana Miletto,
  • Emanuela Bottinelli,
  • Daniele Zonari,
  • Giulia Blandino,
  • Gloria Berlier and
  • Silvia Arpicco

In this paper, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were studied as vehicles for the delivery of the antitumoral drug gemcitabine (GEM) and of its 4-(N)-acyl derivatives, (4-(N)-valeroyl-(C5GEM), 4-(N)-lauroyl-(C12GEM) and 4-(N)-stearoyl-gemcitabin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
7,385 Views
15 Pages

Sulforaphane Analogues with Heterocyclic Moieties: Syntheses and Inhibitory Activities against Cancer Cell Lines

  • Ye-Hui Shi,
  • Dong-Fang Dai,
  • Jing Li,
  • Yan-Wei Dong,
  • Yin Jiang,
  • Huan-Gong Li,
  • Yuan Gao,
  • Chuan-Ke Chong,
  • Hui-Ying Li and
  • Yue Chen
  • + 5 authors

Recent studies have shown that sulforaphane (SFN) selectively inhibits the growth of ALDH+ breast cancer stem-like cells.Herein, a series of SFN analogues were synthesized and evaluated against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and SUM-159, and the leuk...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
7,112 Views
11 Pages

The Effect of an Optimized Wet Milling Technology on the Crystallinity, Morphology and Dissolution Properties of Micro- and Nanonized Meloxicam

  • Csilla Bartos,
  • Piroska Szabó-Révész,
  • Csaba Bartos,
  • Gábor Katona,
  • Orsolya Jójárt-Laczkovich and
  • Rita Ambrus

This article reports on the effects of a new combined wet milling technique on the physicochemical properties of meloxicam (MEL). The influence of milling time on the particle size, the crystallinity, the morphology and the dissolution rate of MEL ha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
66 Citations
9,064 Views
15 Pages

Sustained monoculture often leads to a decline in soil quality, in particular to the build-up of pathogen populations, a problem that is conventionally addressed by the use of either fungicide and/or soil fumigation. This practice is no longer consid...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
63 Citations
18,275 Views
11 Pages

A Chemo-Enzymatic Road Map to the Synthesis of CoA Esters

  • Dominik M. Peter,
  • Bastian Vögeli,
  • Niña Socorro Cortina and
  • Tobias J. Erb

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a ubiquitous cofactor present in every known organism. The thioesters of CoA are core intermediates in many metabolic processes, such as the citric acid cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis and secondary metabolism, including polyketide...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,534 Views
11 Pages

Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Novel 5-Hydrosulfonyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one Derivatives

  • Guang Ouyang,
  • Rongsheng Tong,
  • Jinqi Li,
  • Lan Bai,
  • Liang Ouyang,
  • Xingmei Duan,
  • Fengqiong Li,
  • Pin He,
  • Jianyou Shi and
  • Yuxin He

A series of novel 5-hydrosulfonyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one derivatives bearing natural product substructures has been successfully synthesized and their antitumor activity studied. These newly synthesized derivatives were characterized by 1H-NMR...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
7,261 Views
11 Pages

Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid that is present in a wide variety of medicinal herbs and edible plants. This study investigated the effect of UA on apoptosis and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. After treat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
7,017 Views
16 Pages

Phenolic and Chromatic Properties of Beibinghong Red Ice Wine during and after Vinification

  • Jin-Chen Li,
  • Si-Yu Li,
  • Fei He,
  • Zheng-Yi Yuan,
  • Tao Liu,
  • Malcolm J. Reeves and
  • Chang-Qing Duan

The phenolic and chromatic characteristics of a special red ice wine made from a Vitis amurensis × V. vinifera hybrid cultivar Beibinghong were studied. Results from two different vintages (2013 and 2014) showed that during vinification, the phenolic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,650 Views
9 Pages

Evaluation of Olive Fruit Lipoxygenase Extraction Protocols on 9- and 13-Z,E-HPODE Formation

  • Barbara Soldo,
  • Matilda Šprung,
  • Gloria Mušac,
  • Maja Pavela-Vrančić and
  • Ivica Ljubenkov

In plant tissues, enzymes implicated in the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway are responsible for the hydroperoxydation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, ultimately leading to the production of small chemical species involved in several physiological processe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
129 Citations
18,842 Views
21 Pages

Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pentaherbs Formula, Berberine, Gallic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid in Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Inflammation

  • Miranda S. M. Tsang,
  • Delong Jiao,
  • Ben C. L. Chan,
  • Kam-Lun Hon,
  • Ping C. Leung,
  • Clara B. S. Lau,
  • Eric C. W. Wong,
  • Ling Cheng,
  • Carmen K. M. Chan and
  • Chun K. Wong
  • + 1 author

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic skin disease, characterized by dryness, itchiness, thickening and inflammation of the skin. Infiltration of eosinophils into the dermal layer and presence of edema are typical characteristics in the skin bi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
9,573 Views
14 Pages

Antimicrobial Lemongrass Essential Oil—Copper Ferrite Cellulose Acetate Nanocapsules

  • Ioannis L. Liakos,
  • Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
  • Claudia Innocenti,
  • Alice Scarpellini,
  • Riccardo Carzino,
  • Virgilio Brunetti,
  • Sergio Marras,
  • Rosaria Brescia,
  • Filippo Drago and
  • Pier Paolo Pompa

Cellulose acetate (CA) nanoparticles were combined with two antimicrobial agents, namely lemongrass (LG) essential oil and Cu-ferrite nanoparticles. The preparation method of CA nanocapsules (NCs), with the two antimicrobial agents, was based on the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,874 Views
7 Pages

Two New Bioactive α-Pyrones from Hypericum japonicum

  • Linzhen Hu,
  • Zhenzhen Wang,
  • Jinwen Zhang,
  • Yuanyuan Lu,
  • Kaiping Wang,
  • Yongbo Xue,
  • Yu Zhang and
  • Yonghui Zhang

Hypericum japonicum (Guttiferae), a type of annual or perennial herb, has been historically applied to cure infectious hepatitis, acute and chronic hepatitis, gastrointestinal disorder, and internal hemorrhage. In our successive studies on the genus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,475 Views
10 Pages

MP-V1 from the Venom of Social Wasp Vespula vulgaris Is a de Novo Type of Mastoparan that Displays Superior Antimicrobial Activities

  • Yangseon Kim,
  • Minky Son,
  • Eun-Young Noh,
  • Soonok Kim,
  • Changmu Kim,
  • Joo-Hong Yeo,
  • Chanin Park,
  • Keun Woo Lee and
  • Woo Young Bang

Mastoparans from the venom of social wasps have attracted considerable attention as effective antibiotic candidates. In this study, mastoparan V1 (MP-V1) from Vespula vulgaris was first disclosed to have a peptide amino acid sequence distinct from ty...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,086 Views
13 Pages

Achieving a 99mTc labeled thymidine radiotracer for single photon emission tomography (SPECT) is considered to be of interest. In this study, four novel thymidine analogs, 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d, were successfully synthesized via “click reaction” route an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
10,220 Views
13 Pages

Properties of the Sodium Naproxen-Lactose-Tetrahydrate Co-Crystal upon Processing and Storage

  • Ioana Sovago,
  • Wenbo Wang,
  • Danwen Qiu,
  • Dhara Raijada,
  • Jukka Rantanen,
  • Holger Grohganz,
  • Thomas Rades,
  • Andrew D. Bond and
  • Korbinian Löbmann

Co-crystals and co-amorphous systems are two strategies to improve the physical properties of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and, thus, have recently gained considerable interest both in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,545 Views
15 Pages

Crude extracts of Sedum formosanum N.E.Br. obtained from n-butanol partition (BP) and isopropanol salting-out pretreatment (ISP) were analyzed using antioxidation assays. The results indicated that the extract from ISP contained more potent antioxida...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
7,555 Views
13 Pages

Rearrangements of Cycloalkenyl Aryl Ethers

  • Mercedesz Törincsi,
  • Melinda Nagy,
  • Tamás Bihari,
  • András Stirling,
  • Pál Kolonits and
  • Lajos Novak

Rearrangement reactions of cycloalkenyl phenol and naphthyl ethers and the acid-catalyzed cyclization of the resulting product were investigated. Claisen rearrangement afforded 2-substituted phenol and naphthol derivatives. Combined Claisen and Cope...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
9,303 Views
19 Pages

Oxyresveratrol: Structural Modification and Evaluation of Biological Activities

  • Nutputsorn Chatsumpun,
  • Taksina Chuanasa,
  • Boonchoo Sritularak,
  • Vimolmas Lipipun,
  • Vichien Jongbunprasert,
  • Somsak Ruchirawat,
  • Poonsakdi Ploypradith and
  • Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid

Oxyresveratrol (2,4,3′,5′-tetrahydroxystilbene, 1), a phytoalexin present in large amounts in the heartwood of Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham., has been reported to possess a wide variety of biological activities. As part of our continuing studies on t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,471 Views
10 Pages

A green protocol has been applied to synthesize a novel series of 3-cyano-2-(tri-O-acetyl-β-d-arabinopyranosylthio)pyridines in a short reaction time, in higher yields and with simpler operations, when compared with the conventional heating method. D...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
6,472 Views
16 Pages

A simple and sensitive LC-UV method to investigate the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution pattern of baicalin in rabbits was established and validated. Baicalin and the internal standard, rutin, were extracted from biosamples using acetonitrile as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
6,659 Views
13 Pages

Chemical epigenetic manipulation was applied to a deep marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. SCSIOW2, resulting in significant changes of the secondary metabolites. Three new eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes, dihydrobipolaroxin B (2), dihydrobipolar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
6,395 Views
13 Pages

The synthesis of N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-substituted-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamides 5a–r via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between 2-azido-N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide derivatives 3a–c and different alkynes were performed in the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,190 Views
14 Pages

1-(2,3-Dibenzimidazol-2-ylpropyl)-2-methoxybenzene Is a Syk Inhibitor with Anti-Inflammatory Properties

  • Eunji Kim,
  • Young-Jin Son,
  • Yanyan Yang,
  • Ting Shen,
  • Ikyon Kim,
  • Adithan Aravinthan,
  • Jong-Hoon Kim and
  • Jae Youl Cho

Inflammation is the protective action of our bodies against external pathogens by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Proper regulation of inflammatory responses is required to maint...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
9,622 Views
13 Pages

2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ehyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (salidroside) and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol (p-tyrosol) are famous food and medicine additives originally derived from alpine Rhodiola plants. Salidroside or p-tyrosol production by the endophytic fungus Rac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,686 Views
12 Pages

LC-MS/MS Analysis and Pharmacokinetics of Sodium (±)-5-Bromo-2-(α-hydroxypentyl) Benzoate (BZP), an Innovative Potent Anti-Ischemic Stroke Agent in Rats

  • Xin Tian,
  • Bingjie Liu,
  • Yuhai Zhang,
  • Hongmeng Li,
  • Jingyao Wei,
  • Gaoju Wang,
  • Junbiao Chang and
  • Hailing Qiao

A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sodium (±)-5-Bromo-2-(α-hydroxypentyl) benzoate (BZP) and its active metabo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
9,733 Views
11 Pages

Contact and Repellent Activities of the Essential Oil from Juniperus formosana against Two Stored Product Insects

  • Shanshan Guo,
  • Wenjuan Zhang,
  • Junyu Liang,
  • Chunxue You,
  • Zhufeng Geng,
  • Chengfang Wang and
  • Shushan Du

The chemical composition of the essential oil from Juniperus formosana leaves and its contact and repellent activities against Tribolium castaneum and Liposcelis bostrychophila adults were investigated. The essential oil of J. formosana leaves was ob...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
7,930 Views
16 Pages

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations were utilized to investigate the ability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to adsorb inside a single-walled, arm-chair carbon nanotube (SWCNT), as well as the effect of surfactant on the properties of wat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,381 Views
12 Pages

New Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, Nalidixic Acid Linked to Isatin Schiff Bases via Certain l-Amino Acid Bridges

  • Ahmed M. Naglah,
  • Atallah F. Ahmed,
  • Zhi-Hong Wen,
  • Mohamed A. Al-Omar,
  • Abd El-Galil E. Amr and
  • Atef Kalmouch

A series of new Schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of isatins with the nalidixic acid-l-amino acid hydrazides. Prior to hydrazide formation, a peptide linkage has been prepared via coupling of nalidixic acid with appropriate l-amino acid m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
11,951 Views
23 Pages

Pharmacogenomics of Scopoletin in Tumor Cells

  • Ean-Jeong Seo,
  • Mohamed Saeed,
  • Betty Yuen Kwan Law,
  • An Guo Wu,
  • Onat Kadioglu,
  • Henry Johannes Greten and
  • Thomas Efferth

Drug resistance and the severe side effects of chemotherapy necessitate the development of novel anticancer drugs. Natural products are a valuable source for drug development. Scopoletin is a coumarin compound, which can be found in several Artemisia...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
9,263 Views
34 Pages

This paper is a review on the types of antagonists and the signaling mechanism pathways that have been used to determine the mechanisms of action employed for vasodilation by test compounds. Thus, we exhaustively reviewed and analyzed reports related...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,671 Views
15 Pages

The periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein A (OppA) represents a well-known example of water-mediated protein-ligand interactions. Here, we perform free-energy calculations for three different ligands binding to OppA, using a thermodynamic integrat...

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