The word-frequency distribution provides the fundamental building blocks that generate discourse in natural language. It is well known, from empirical evidence, that the word-frequency distribution of almost any text is described by Zipf’s law,...
It is well known that many ranked linguistic data can fit well with one-parameter models such as Zipf’s law for ranked word frequencies. However, in cases where discrepancies from the one-parameter model occur (these will come at the two extremes of...
Quantifying the dissimilarity of two texts is an important aspect of a number of natural language processing tasks, including semantic information retrieval, topic classification, and document clustering. In this paper, we compared the properties and...
18 September 2021
The sudden appearance of a new epidemic disease in China created the need for names identifying that disease. Between December 2019 and January 2020, a variety of severe pneumonia-related disease names suddenly appeared, and more name varieties kept...
How heritage tourism scenes evolve alongside digital mediation and how different forms of mediation are represented in visitor accounts remain insufficiently understood. This study examines the Liangzhu heritage site, centred on the Archaeological Ru...
The subjects of literature are the direct expression of the author’s research results. Mining valuable knowledge helps to save time for the readers to understand the content and direction of the literature quickly. Therefore, the co-occurrence...
We review the recent progress in the investigation of powerfree words, with particular emphasis on binary cubefree and ternary squarefree words. Besides various bounds on the entropy, we provide bounds on letter frequencies and consider their empiric...
We study the correlation properties of word lengths in large texts from 30 ebooks in the English language from the Gutenberg Project (www.gutenberg.org) using the natural visibility graph method (NVG). NVG converts a time series into a graph and then...
In recent years, text classification has found wide application in diverse real-world scenarios. In Chinese news classification tasks, limitations such as sparse contextual information and semantic ambiguity exist in the title text. To improve the pe...
Kolmogorov complexity of a finite binary word reflects both algorithmic structure and the empirical distribution of symbols appearing in the word. Words with symbol frequencies far from one half belong to smaller combinatorial classes and therefore a...
Chinese separable words combine lexical integrity with structural separability, but how readers process discontinuous forms during sentence reading remains unclear. Thirty native Chinese speakers read sentences containing discontinuous separable word...
To measure the emotional meaning of words, numerical sentiment scores are ascribed to them. However, within individual words these scores show variation: within and across annotation surveys, across linguistic contexts, and across semantic neighbors....
The aim of this article is to analyse the fundamental frequency of oesophageal speech (ES) F0 and compare the results with the physiological speech of healthy people. The research focused on spectrogram analysis, taking into account a frequency range...
Many changes in our digital corpus have been brought about by the interplay between rapid advances in digital communication and the current environment characterized by pandemics, political polarization, and social unrest. One such change is the pace...
Eye movements during regular reading, thorough reading, skimming, and spell checking of single pages of text were measured, to investigate how high-level reading tasks elicited by instructions affect reading behavior. Word frequency and word length e...
This study utilized computational techniques for a reliable analysis of discourse. These techniques were adopted to analyze the progress of Saudi social change in terms of women’s empowerment within the Saudi transformation program. The data fr...
An important body of quantitative linguistics is constituted by a series of statistical laws about language usage. Despite the importance of these linguistic laws, some of them are poorly formulated, and, more importantly, there is no unified framewo...
Children appear to acquire new words effortlessly from complex auditory input. However, this process is highly intricate, requiring the simultaneous integration of phonetic and phonemic details, prosodic cues, and grammatical structures. Furthermore,...
We compare the “classical” equations of type-token systems, namely Zipf’s laws, Heaps’ law and the relationships between their indices, with data selected from the Standardized Project Gutenberg Corpus (SPGC). Selected items a...
To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, Korea has been expanding its investment in renewal energy distribution and technology development. However, with this rapid expansion of renewable energy, public concern about it has grown. This study developed a...
Federated learning effectively addresses the issues of data privacy and communication overhead in traditional deep learning through distributed local training. However, its open architecture is seriously threatened by backdoor attacks, where maliciou...
Previous quantitative studies discussing interpreting types have focused on various features of linguistic forms in outputs. However, none of them has examined their informativeness. Entropy, as a measure of the average information content and the un...
In highly sophisticated network attacks, command-and-control (C&C) servers always use domain generation algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically produce several candidate domains instead of static hard-coded lists of IP addresses or domain names. Disting...
In recent years, distributed unique word (DUW) has been widely used in satellite single carrier TDMA signals, such as very small aperture terminal (VSAT) satellite systems. Different from the centralized structure of traditional unique word, DUW is u...
Many text mining tasks such as text retrieval, text summarization, and text comparisons depend on the extraction of representative keywords from the main text. Most existing keyword extraction algorithms are based on discrete bag-of-words type of wor...
Apocope (deletion of word-final vowels) and word-final vowel reduction are hallmarks of southern Italian varieties. To investigate whether heritage speakers reproduce the complex variable patterns of these processes, we analyze spontaneous speech of...
This paper is based on an analysis of the content of management reports (annual, integrated), on the activity of European multinational companies (listed on the Stock Exchange). For this purpose, we conducted a content analysis of company management...
This paper intends to present a large-scale dataset for Arabic morphology from a cognitive point of view considering the uniqueness of the root–pattern phenomenon. The center of attention is focused on studying this singularity in terms of estimating...
Text mining is applied to 510 articles on econophysics to reconstruct the lexical evolution of the discipline from 1999 to 2020. The analysis of the relative frequency of the words used in the articles and their “visualization” allow us to draw some...
Given the occurrence frequency of any term within any set of articles within MEDLINE, we define “characteristic” terms as words and phrases that occur in that literature more frequently than expected by chance (at p < 0.001 or better). In this report...
The common assumption is that genetic information is built on a four-symbol alphabet, i.e., DNA nucleotides, the smallest meaningful blocks of genomes are codon triplets, and the record of genetic information does not contain any asserted symbols pla...
Recently, the performance of end-to-end speech recognition has been further improved based on the proposed Conformer framework, which has also been widely used in the field of speech recognition. However, the Conformer model is mostly applied to very...
Recently, the widespread use of social media and easy access to the Internet have brought about a significant transformation in the type of textual data available on the Web. This change is particularly evident in Arabic language usage, as the growin...
Detecting hate speech in social media is challenging due to its rarity, high-dimensional complexity, and implicit expression via sarcasm or spelling variations, rendering linear models ineffective. In this study, the SVM (Support Vector Machine) algo...
Scholars of the Old English poem Andreas have long debated its dating and authorship, as the poem shares affinities both with Beowulf and the signed poems of Cynewulf. Although this debate hinges on poetic style and other internal evidence, the styli...
Children’s ability to retrieve word meanings and incorporate them into sentences, along with the neural structures that support these skills, continues to evolve throughout adolescence. Theta (4–8 Hz) activity that corresponds to word ret...
Ting, Tai, Lou, and Ge are types of ancient buildings that represent traditional Chinese architecture and culture. They are primarily constructed using mortise and tenon joints, complemented by brick and stone foundations, showcasing traditional arch...
This study examines whether gender is associated with both the frequency of codeswitching (CS) and the functions that switching performs in Maghreb Arabic (MA)–French–English trilingual peer talk. Gender-focused studies of CS have more of...
This study uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze the political discourse of the surprise presidential candidate, focusing on linguistic patterns, sentiment distribution, and recurring themes. This study addresses the problem of...
With the proper mission, higher educational institutions can search for their opportunities and eliminate their weaknesses in the market. In the paper, mission statements from engineering institutions are compared with other higher educational instit...
To effectively process textual data, many approaches have been proposed to create text representations. The transformation of a text into a form of numbers that can be computed using computers is crucial for further applications in downstream tasks s...
Over the past three decades, there have been many comprehensive studies related to public–private partnerships (PPP), but the analysis at the macro level still lacks comprehensiveness and interpretability. Through the application of bibliometri...
Literature has a strong cultural imprint and regional color, including poetry. Natural language itself is part of the poetry style. It is interesting to attempt to use one language to present poetry in another language style. Therefore, in this study...
Velocity measurements and simulations in an idealized urban environment were studied, focusing on turbulent flow over street canyons. Time series of fluctuating velocities were considered as marked point processes, and the distribution of mean reside...
This study investigated neural oscillatory dynamics underlying visual word recognition in university students with dyslexia using a portable brain–computer interface (BCI) EEG system. The sample included university students with dyslexia (N = 1...
Various predictive models about the residential energy demand and residential renewable energy production have been proposed. Recent studies have confirmed that they are not normally distributed over time. The increase in renewable energy installatio...
In the field of microgrids (MGs), steady-state power imbalances and frequency/voltage fluctuations in the transient state have been gaining prominence owing to the advancing distributed energy resources (DERs) connected to MGs via grid-connected inve...
A mission statement is an important instrument for strategic management for an enterprise. How to establish a mission statement and how to leverage its roles in conveying the vision of and leading the long-term and sustainable growth of the enterpris...
Toponym groups are fundamental units of quantitative spatial analysis of toponyms. Using suitable technical methods to investigate the spatial distribution and co-occurrence characteristics of these groups has significant implications for identifying...
Zipf’s law is well known in linguistics: the frequency of a word is inversely proportional to its rank. This is a special case of a more general power law, a common phenomenon in many kinds of real-world statistical data. Here, it is shown that...
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