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Family-Friendly Practices, Work–Family Conflict, and Job Satisfaction: A Study in the Portuguese Healthcare Sector -
Building Organizational Commitment in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Evidence from Cyprus -
Experience at Work: Why Employees Experience Their Work Differently -
How Generative Artificial Intelligence Creates Value: A Function and Readiness Perspective in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Journal Description
Administrative Sciences
Administrative Sciences
is an international, peer-reviewed, scholarly, open access journal on organization studies published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), RePEc, EconBiz, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Management) / CiteScore - Q2 (General Business, Management and Accounting)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 21.3 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 5.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2025).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
3.1 (2024);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.1 (2024)
Latest Articles
Business School Mission and Market in Tuition-Driven Academic Programs: An Institutional Logics Perspective
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050228 - 13 May 2026
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Business schools, and universities more generally, find themselves within a constant tension between different and often conflicting institutional logics. Scholars have identified two primary and coexisting institutional logics in particular—an academic logic and a market logic—that universities must reconcile. To date, however, we
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Business schools, and universities more generally, find themselves within a constant tension between different and often conflicting institutional logics. Scholars have identified two primary and coexisting institutional logics in particular—an academic logic and a market logic—that universities must reconcile. To date, however, we still know little about how university leaders navigate persistent frictions between these institutional logics. To fill this gap, we conduct a grounded qualitative study of business schools’ top leaders who have recently introduced new revenue-generating programs. We develop a process model of institutional alignment that explains how leaders navigate and resolve tensions between competing logics over time. Our aim was to explore how these administrative leaders navigated frictions across institutional logics throughout the process of introducing, motivating, developing, and implementing these programs. We find that frictions between the competing institutional logics were indeed prominent in decision-makers’ minds and actions throughout the entire process. These frictions occurred at various levels, both within and outside the business school. To reduce these frictions, leaders describe employing adaptive strategies such as framing, collaboration, and structural adjustments to align the logics and position the new program as consistent with both. That is, the new programs are interpreted as institutional innovations that serve to align the logics.
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Open AccessArticle
R&D Expenditures and ESG Disclosure
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Taoufik Elkemali
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050227 - 13 May 2026
Abstract
Previous research has highlighted several firm-specific determinants of ESG disclosure; however, the link with R&D activities remains largely underexplored, despite the distinctive characteristics of such investments. We argue that R&D is characterized by asset specificity, uncertainty, and growth prospects, which generate informational frictions
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Previous research has highlighted several firm-specific determinants of ESG disclosure; however, the link with R&D activities remains largely underexplored, despite the distinctive characteristics of such investments. We argue that R&D is characterized by asset specificity, uncertainty, and growth prospects, which generate informational frictions and shape firms’ disclosure incentives. This study is motivated by the need to understand how innovation-related opacity influences ESG reporting in the context of increasing demand for non-financial disclosure by capital market participants. Based on 12,025 European firm-year observations over the period 2014–2024 and fixed-effects estimations, we find that R&D intensity is positively associated with ESG disclosure, and this relationship is strengthened by board independence. Robustness tests using GMM estimations and disaggregated ESG components confirm the results. The study is relevant because R&D-related opacity can affect how investors and stakeholders assess firms’ long-term value creation and sustainability orientation. Theoretically, the study extends ESG disclosure literature by highlighting innovation-related informational frictions as a key determinant of sustainability reporting. Practically, the findings suggest that investors and regulators should consider firms’ R&D intensity and governance structures when evaluating ESG transparency and disclosure quality.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Social Responsibility and Strategic Management: Integrating Ethical Practices with Sustainable Goals)
Open AccessArticle
AI-Embedded Digital Tools in Business Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: Gender-Based Structural Modeling
by
Inese Mavlutova, Eriks Vilunas, Janis Valeinis and Kristaps Lesinskis
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050226 - 13 May 2026
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The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies and information technology (IT) systems in entrepreneurship education has accelerated alongside the digital transformation of higher education. With a particular focus on gender-related disparities, this study examines how digital business modeling tools influence students’ entrepreneurial intentions.
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The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies and information technology (IT) systems in entrepreneurship education has accelerated alongside the digital transformation of higher education. With a particular focus on gender-related disparities, this study examines how digital business modeling tools influence students’ entrepreneurial intentions. It conceptualizes digital tools along a continuum, ranging from non-AI solutions to AI-embedded and fully AI-driven systems. Data from 440 students taking part in entrepreneurial workshops using the AI-enabled digital tool KABADA served as the basis for empirical investigation. Changes in entrepreneurial intention and its key antecedents—attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—are examined by comparing the pre-workshop and post-workshop groups using structural equation modeling. According to the findings, the KABADA workshop has a statistically significant positive indirect effect on entrepreneurial intention, which is mainly mediated by perceived behavioral control. Significant gender differences are revealed by multi-group analysis: for female students, the main factor influencing entrepreneurial intention is perceived behavioral control, while for male students, the main factor is attitude toward entrepreneurship. These results emphasize the significance of IT systems that integrate guided user engagement with AI-based analytics to improve entrepreneurial self-efficacy, especially among women.
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(This article belongs to the Section International Entrepreneurship)
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Driving Marketing Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality Through Digital Talent: The Mediating Roles of Digital Culture and Digital Strategy
by
Ahmed Mohamed Hasanein and Bassam Samir Al-Romeedy
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050225 - 13 May 2026
Abstract
This study examines the role of digital talent in driving marketing innovation within tourism and hospitality organizations in the context of ongoing tourism digitalization. Specifically, it investigates how digital culture and digital strategy mediate the relationship between digital talent and marketing innovation. Data
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This study examines the role of digital talent in driving marketing innovation within tourism and hospitality organizations in the context of ongoing tourism digitalization. Specifically, it investigates how digital culture and digital strategy mediate the relationship between digital talent and marketing innovation. Data were collected from employees working in Class A travel agencies and five-star hotels in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Using a purposive sampling approach, a bilingual e-survey was distributed, yielding 432 valid responses for analysis. The findings indicate that digital talent plays a crucial role in enabling marketing innovation in tourism and hospitality organizations. Its influence occurs both directly and indirectly through digital culture and digital strategy, highlighting the importance of aligning digital competencies with an organization-wide digital mindset and a clearly defined digital strategy. The results demonstrate how digital capabilities support the transformation of tourism and hospitality marketing practices in the era of digital transformation. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the mechanisms through which digital talent enhances marketing innovation in tourism organizations. The findings offer important theoretical and practical implications for researchers, managers, and tourism and hospitality practitioners seeking to strengthen innovation-driven marketing strategies in an increasingly digital tourism environment.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: Trends and Best Practices—2nd Edition)
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Customer Satisfaction Level of Users of the Different Areas and Services of a Private Mid-Cost Fitness Center in Zaragoza
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Ander De Ara Aguirre, Manel Valcarce-Torrente, Oscar Villanueva-Guerrero, Rafael Albalad-Aiguabella, Elena Mainer-Pardos and Alberto Roso-Moliner
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050224 - 12 May 2026
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Customer loyalty has become a critical factor for the sustainability of fitness centers amid growing industry competition, yet limited research has examined recommendation patterns across user profiles in mid-cost facilities. This study aimed to analyze customer recommendation in a mid-cost fitness center in
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Customer loyalty has become a critical factor for the sustainability of fitness centers amid growing industry competition, yet limited research has examined recommendation patterns across user profiles in mid-cost facilities. This study aimed to analyze customer recommendation in a mid-cost fitness center in Spain using the Net Promoter Score (NPS) and to identify factors associated with loyalty by gender, age, membership duration, and service usage pattern. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 102 adult members (63.7% women) who completed a self-administered questionnaire distributed via QR code. The NPS served as the primary outcome measure, complemented by open-ended questions on perceived strengths and areas for improvement. The center achieved a high overall NPS of +66.7, with 70.6% of respondents classified as promoters and only 3.9% as detractors. Women reported significantly higher NPS scores than men (p = 0.037), whereas no significant differences emerged by age, membership duration, or service usage pattern. Qualitative analysis revealed that instructor quality, service organization, and facility management were the primary drivers of recommendation. These findings support the utility of the NPS as a practical tool for assessing customer loyalty in fitness centers and underscore the role of service quality in shaping recommendation behavior.
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The Greenwashing Paradox: Signal Degradation and the Rise of Heuristic Substitution
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Katalin Nagy-Kercsó, Sándor Kovács, Lei Zha and Enikő Kontor
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050223 - 12 May 2026
Abstract
The increasing number of sustainability claims may reduce the perceived reliability of formal eco-labels, creating an environment in which greenwashing can erode institutional trust. This study explores how consumers navigate significant information asymmetry when standardized environmental signals are absent. Using a qualitative research
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The increasing number of sustainability claims may reduce the perceived reliability of formal eco-labels, creating an environment in which greenwashing can erode institutional trust. This study explores how consumers navigate significant information asymmetry when standardized environmental signals are absent. Using a qualitative research design, we conducted focus group discussions with Hungarian- and Romanian-speaking consumers in Transylvania, Romania, a multiethnic transitioning market. Computational text analysis, including topic modeling, was used to support this interpretive approach and effectively decode the complex typologies of green claim evaluation. The findings suggest that signal degradation among the participants was associated with culturally embedded heuristic substitution rather than a uniform rejection of green claims. Romanian-speaking participants described more analytical, information-seeking heuristics that are tightly integrated into routine purchasing decisions. Conversely, Hungarian-speaking participants articulated a looser connection between generalized skepticism and their purchasing routines. This study contributes to signaling theory and administrative science by suggesting that standardized governance tools may be less effective when they are not aligned with localized trust structures. Reconceiving greenwashing as a failure of signal fit rather than as deceptive marketing communication, the study contributes to a process-oriented understanding of how consumers evaluate sustainability claims under uncertainty. Future research should quantitatively test these heuristic pathways across diverse regulatory and cultural environments.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility into Business Strategy for Sustainable Advantage)
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Organizational Career Management as a Developmental System: Collective Leadership Behaviors and the Enactment of Career Support
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Manabu Fujimoto
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050222 - 12 May 2026
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Career development spans higher education through post-entry adaptation, retention, and transition. Organizational career management (OCM) links human resource management, career attitudes, and employability, yet lacks a coherent account of how organizational provisions become concrete developmental experience in daily work. This article re-specifies OCM
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Career development spans higher education through post-entry adaptation, retention, and transition. Organizational career management (OCM) links human resource management, career attitudes, and employability, yet lacks a coherent account of how organizational provisions become concrete developmental experience in daily work. This article re-specifies OCM as a developmental system comprising four layers: OCM as superordinate architecture, developmental HR practices as implementation infrastructure, developmental networks as a relational access layer, and proactive career behaviors/career self-management (CSM) as self-regulatory behaviors conditioned by institutional and relational support. The central contribution is proposing collective leadership behaviors (CLB) as a candidate for specifying the missing workplace-practice layer. Developmental networks explain who employees turn to for support; CLB explains how support is enacted in team interaction so that organizational provision becomes developmentally usable. CLB is treated not as shared leadership or a substitute for supervisor support, but as enacted workplace practice once institutional provision and relational access are in place. Because empirical studies linking CLB to career development remain limited, this framework advances as a theory-building integrative review: developmental networks matter most when the bottleneck is access to heterogeneous support, whereas CLB matters most when support exists but is not yet enacted as usable developmental experience.
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(This article belongs to the Section Leadership)
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Exploring CSR-Related Entrepreneurial Human Capital: The Association Between Transformational Leadership and Entrepreneurial Competencies in Higher Education Institutions
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Fabricio Miguel Moreno-Menéndez, Saúl Nilo Astuñaupa-Flores, Yamill Alam Barrionuevo-Inca-Roca, Casio Aurelio Torres-López, Jorge Vladimir Pachas-Huaytan, Javier Amador Navarro-Veliz, Vicente González-Prida, Angela María Rivera-Paucarpura and Julima Gisella Chuquin-Berrios
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050221 - 7 May 2026
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has increasingly become a strategic and governance-relevant domain that depends on internal capability development to translate stakeholder and sustainability expectations into credible action. In emerging economies, higher education institutions (HEIs) are key arenas where future managers and intrapreneurs acquire
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has increasingly become a strategic and governance-relevant domain that depends on internal capability development to translate stakeholder and sustainability expectations into credible action. In emerging economies, higher education institutions (HEIs) are key arenas where future managers and intrapreneurs acquire human-capital foundations relevant to CSR-related strategy implementation. This exploratory study examines whether students’ self-reported transformational leadership (TL) is associated with entrepreneurial competencies (EC) that are relevant for responsible value creation and stakeholder-oriented execution. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design, we surveyed 207 senior undergraduate students from business-related programs in a private HEI in Peru. TL was measured using the MLQ-5X (transformational subscale), and EC were assessed through a content-validated and reliability-tested eight-dimension scale (networking, problem solving, achievement orientation, risk taking, teamwork, creativity, autonomy, and initiative). Given distributional characteristics, Spearman’s rho was used for hypothesis testing. Because the design was intentionally limited to first-order associations, no control variables or multivariate models were incorporated. Results show a strong, positive association between TL and overall EC (ρ = 0.822, p < 0.001), with statistically significant positive relationships across all EC dimensions (ρ = 0.709–0.807). These findings are consistent with a microfoundational view of CSR, indicating that leadership-related developmental behaviors are systematically aligned with competence bundles that may support CSR-related strategy enactment under stakeholder complexity and sustainability constraints. The study does not measure CSR outcomes or CSR communication directly; rather, it provides capability-level evidence with implications for HEI curricula and leadership development aimed at preparing graduates for responsible innovation and stakeholder-sensitive decision-making in emerging-economy contexts.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Strategies That Connect Insights from Business, Stakeholders and the Environment)
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Collaborative Governance in Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs): Focal Collaborative Elements and Outcomes for Internal Transparency
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Mathew Azarian, Asmamaw Tadege Shiferaw and Tor Kristian Stevik
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050220 - 4 May 2026
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Public administration research provides structured explanations of collaborative governance. PPP scholarship, however, has largely emphasized macro governance frameworks, leaving micro-level collaborative drivers between internal partners underexplored. Additionally, internal transparency has seldom received attention as a governance outcome of collaboration. Building upon collaborative governance
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Public administration research provides structured explanations of collaborative governance. PPP scholarship, however, has largely emphasized macro governance frameworks, leaving micro-level collaborative drivers between internal partners underexplored. Additionally, internal transparency has seldom received attention as a governance outcome of collaboration. Building upon collaborative governance theories, this study conceptualizes collaboration in PPPs through four focal collaborative elements (FCEs): organizational capacity asymmetries, commitment to process, effective communication, and trust building. A survey instrument was used to collect experts’ opinions regarding the impact of PPP-specific characteristics, as practical mechanisms, on collaboration. The results show strong endorsement of mechanisms related to post-procurement capacity asymmetries, role/authority shifts, contractual complexity, and lifecycle discontinuities (staff changes and phase transitions). Such PPP characteristics undermine communication and information continuity. Trust building appeared to have an ambivalent role shaped by long-term incentives alongside goal drift and contractual rigidity. This study identifies the most salient mechanisms framing collaborative elements in PPP and translates them into governance implications for sustained collaboration and strengthened internal transparency across PPPs’ lifecycle. Limitations and future avenues for research based upon these findings are presented.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Management in the 21st Century: Innovations and Challenges in Governance)
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Use of Knowledge Management to Enhance International Research Collaboration
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Siri-on Umarin, Thanwadee Chinda and Takashi Hashimoto
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050219 - 1 May 2026
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With globalization and rapid changes in the international research environment from technological advancement, political instability, and economic crisis, knowledge management (KM) is crucial to help research institutions operate international research collaboration (IRC) effectively and sustainably. This study uses systematic literature review to extract
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With globalization and rapid changes in the international research environment from technological advancement, political instability, and economic crisis, knowledge management (KM) is crucial to help research institutions operate international research collaboration (IRC) effectively and sustainably. This study uses systematic literature review to extract key KM factors for IRC enhancement. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods are performed to confirm KM factors and explore how key KM and IRC factors relate to each other. Several KM strategies are established based on study results to achieve sustainable IRC development. The results show that five key KM factors, including knowledge sharing (KS), knowledge creation (KC), knowledge retention (KR), knowledge storage (KT), and knowledge utilization (KU), influence each other. They have both direct and indirect impacts on IRC. The KU factor is crucial for immediate IRC improvement. Research institutions can use existing knowledge and resources to address current IRC opportunities. For example, personnel with IRC experience can act as coaches and mentors to facilitate activities, and integrating IRC into career paths can be beneficial. Activities related to KC, KR, and KT should support KU implementation. Setting up a task force, improving organizational structure, and engaging management in KM can help achieve better IRC performance. The KS factor should be emphasized for sustaining IRC. The plan should involve activities to raise the processes of knowledge sharing effectively. The study results provide guidelines for research institutions aiming for sustainable IRC in the long term.
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Governance, Organizational Objectives, and Institutional Constraints in Cooperative Development: A Structural Equation Model of Cuban Production, Service, and Credit Cooperatives
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Elizabeth Guilarte-Barinaga, Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez, Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar, Gelmar García-Vidal and Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050218 - 1 May 2026
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Cooperatives are key organizational forms for economic and social development; however, the factors shaping their development are often examined in a fragmented manner. This study identifies the main dimensions of cooperative development and tests their interrelationships using structural equation modeling (SEM). Based on
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Cooperatives are key organizational forms for economic and social development; however, the factors shaping their development are often examined in a fragmented manner. This study identifies the main dimensions of cooperative development and tests their interrelationships using structural equation modeling (SEM). Based on a literature review and expert validation, a measurement instrument was developed and applied to 410 members from 82 cooperatives in Cuba between March and July 2025. The model was estimated and validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and SEM. The findings support an integrated framework in which cooperative values, cooperative principles, organizational objectives, community relations, and the institutional environment jointly explain cooperative development. All hypothesized relationships are positive and statistically significant, with organizational objectives and the institutional environment showing relatively stronger effects compared to normative and relational dimensions. The results demonstrate that cooperative development is a multidimensional and context-dependent process that cannot be explained by normative principles alone. Instead, it depends on the organization’s capacity to translate cooperative identity into strategic objectives and to operate within enabling institutional conditions. The study provides an empirically validated framework for analyzing cooperative governance and offers practical insights for strengthening organizational performance in emerging economies.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Administrative Strategies and Practices for Economic Growth and Development: Governance, Sustainability, and Digital Transformation in the 21st Century)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Mapping the Models of Employee Satisfaction: A Bibliometric Analysis of Organisational Climate and Interactive Demographics
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Mustapha Olanrewaju Aliyu, Betty Portia Maphala and Chux Gervase Iwu
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050217 - 30 Apr 2026
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Although organisational climate is increasingly examined, explicit modelling of demographic interaction effects remains comparatively underrepresented. A search strategy was conducted (25 September 2025), and 358 records were identified and filtered in the Scopus and Covidence databases; subsequently, 60 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion
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Although organisational climate is increasingly examined, explicit modelling of demographic interaction effects remains comparatively underrepresented. A search strategy was conducted (25 September 2025), and 358 records were identified and filtered in the Scopus and Covidence databases; subsequently, 60 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria following PRISMA-guided screening. R-project, reference to VOSviewer, and Biblioshiny were used to perform the bibliometric mapping to demonstrate three (3) large thematic clusters: (1) conceptual models with a focus on the Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) framework; (2) growing cross-sector and post-COVID literature; and (3) small but growing incorporation of interactive demographic variables (age, gender, tenure) other than control-variable treatment. The results show that organisational climate is always placed at the forefront as an important predictor of satisfaction, but intersectional demographic modelling is underdeveloped and geographically biased to Western and Asian factors. Yet improvements have been made in theoretical integration; however, a lack of constructs, methodological conservatism, and geographic skewness limit theoretical cumulation and practical translation. The proposed multi-factor model is conceptually derived from bibliometric patterns and requires empirical validation using CFA, SEM, and multilevel modelling. However, organisations should integrate satisfaction policies that reflect diverse demographic and contextual realities, rather than adopting a general approach. The study advances the model of employee satisfaction research by offering practical evidence and a theoretical framework to support the sustainability of industrial and organisational psychology.
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(This article belongs to the Section Organizational Behavior)
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An Exploratory Analysis of Managerial Competencies Through 360° Evaluation and Linear Regression: A Case Study and Preliminary Validation of the MLPD Model
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Esteban Maurin Saldaña, María-Luisa Pérez-Delgado and Javiera Canales
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050216 - 30 Apr 2026
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The assessment of managerial competencies in information technology (IT) organizations requires robust and validated instruments capable of predicting performance in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environments. This study presents a preliminary validation of the MLPD (Machine Learning Predictive Development) model, which integrates 360°
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The assessment of managerial competencies in information technology (IT) organizations requires robust and validated instruments capable of predicting performance in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environments. This study presents a preliminary validation of the MLPD (Machine Learning Predictive Development) model, which integrates 360° multidimensional evaluation, situational awareness, and exploratory analytics. Conceived as a pilot application and proof-of-concept, the research was conducted within the IT organization of a Chilean Defense Institution responsible for the management and administration of information and communication technologies. This study aims to determine how the three most commonly cited managerial competency domains (Transformational Leadership, Situational Awareness, and Collaborative Management) are weighted in additive models of 360° performance evaluation in a defense IT context, and also seeks to determine whether these weightings differ between civilian and military evaluators. Although the study focuses on a specialized case study with a limited sample of 9 IT leaders, the robustness of the preliminary findings is supported by the analysis of 165 rating records from 360° evaluations clustered within 9 leaders. Through this granular data set, multiple linear regression models were developed to examine the predictive relationships among three core competency domains—Transformational Leadership, Situational Awareness, and Collaborative Management—and their impact on overall managerial performance. The results identify Collaborative Management as the strongest predictor of performance, and highlight significant differences between civilian and military evaluators. This finding challenges conventional assumptions about leadership effectiveness in IT contexts and suggests that horizontal coordination capabilities are more critical than vertical authority. These preliminary results validate the model’s internal structure within a highly hierarchical environment, establishing a foundational benchmark for future large-scale applications of the MLPD model in diverse organizational contexts.
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SME Entrepreneurs’ Continuance Use of Digital Payment Tools: An Integrated TAM–PAM Model with Sustainability Attitude and Satisfaction as a Dual Mediator
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Nahida Sultana, Afruza Haque and Rasheda Akter Rupa
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050215 - 30 Apr 2026
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Digital Payment Tools (DPTs) are increasingly promoted as catalysts for financial inclusion, operational efficiency, and sustainable growth among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies such as Bangladesh. However, prior research predominantly treats DPT adoption as a static decision, offering limited insights
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Digital Payment Tools (DPTs) are increasingly promoted as catalysts for financial inclusion, operational efficiency, and sustainable growth among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies such as Bangladesh. However, prior research predominantly treats DPT adoption as a static decision, offering limited insights into how pre-adoption perceptions evolve into post-adoption satisfaction and continued use, particularly from a sustainable development perspective. Addressing this gap, this study aims to examine the determinants of SME entrepreneurs’ satisfaction (SAT) and continued intention to use (CIU) DPTs by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Post-Adoption Model (PAM), with SAT and sustainability attitude (SUS) positioned as a mediating mechanism linking digital payment usage to long-term sustainable behavior. Data were collected from 219 SME entrepreneurs in Bangladesh and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. Results reveal that Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) directly impacts Perceived Usefulness (PU) and SAT but does not impact CIU. Although PU does not influence CIU, it has a significant impact on SAT, which in turn influences CIU. Additionally, SAT fully mediates the relationship between PEOU and PU with CIU. Moreover, PEOU and PU have a significant impact on SAT through the partial mediation of SUS, while SUS fully mediates the relationship between PU and CIU. By bridging pre-adoption and post-adoption perspectives and embedding sustainability within the digital payment adoption framework, this study advances understanding of how DPTs contribute to sustainable SME development in emerging economies. The insights offer practical implications for Fintech developers and policymakers aiming to enhance long-term adoption and impact of DPTs in emerging economies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business Strategy in the Digital Age: Empowering SMEs for Sustainable Growth)
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Economic Evaluation of Phased Digital Transformation Investments in SMEs: A Cost–Benefit Analysis in the Turkish Metal Processing Sector
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Sultan Gül Özdamar and Süleyman Ersöz
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050214 - 30 Apr 2026
Abstract
This study examines how manufacturing SMEs can structure digital transformation as a strategic, risk-managed process under demand uncertainty and resource constraints. Integrating digital maturity assessment with cost–benefit analysis (D3A–CBA framework), the study evaluates a phased investment strategy at a Turkish metal processing SME,
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This study examines how manufacturing SMEs can structure digital transformation as a strategic, risk-managed process under demand uncertainty and resource constraints. Integrating digital maturity assessment with cost–benefit analysis (D3A–CBA framework), the study evaluates a phased investment strategy at a Turkish metal processing SME, grounding the analysis in real production order data and firm-level financial records. The phased structure—informed by real options reasoning—conditions capacity expansion on measurable Phase-1 performance thresholds, thereby limiting downside risk while preserving strategic flexibility. Under the base scenario (10% real discount rate), Phase-1 yields an NPV of TRY 3,830,738 and an IRR of 12.4%; the combined portfolio reaches TRY 17,365,066. However, a 10,000-iteration Monte Carlo simulation reveals a 29.8–33.0% probability of negative NPV, and sensitivity analysis exposes an asymmetric risk profile in which moderate demand shocks—rather than cost shocks—drive non-viability. The findings demonstrate that digital transformation in resource-constrained SMEs requires not only positive financial returns but also strategic mechanisms to manage demand uncertainty, exchange rate volatility, and organizational adaptation. The proposed framework offers SME managers a reproducible, evidence-based approach to aligning investment decisions with strategic objectives while containing capital risk.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business Strategy in the Digital Age: Empowering SMEs for Sustainable Growth)
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Bridging the Green Purchasing Gap: Drivers of Willingness to Pay for Green Cosmetics Across Consumer Groups
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Uturestantix Uturestantix, Ari Warokka and Aina Zatil Aqmar
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050213 - 30 Apr 2026
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Growing consumer awareness of environmental and health issues has increased demand for sustainable products, yet a persistent gap remains between positive attitudes and actual purchasing behavior. This study addresses inconsistent findings in prior literature regarding the effects of psychological drivers on willingness to
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Growing consumer awareness of environmental and health issues has increased demand for sustainable products, yet a persistent gap remains between positive attitudes and actual purchasing behavior. This study addresses inconsistent findings in prior literature regarding the effects of psychological drivers on willingness to pay a premium for green products. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior and value-based perspectives, this study examines how environmental concern, health consciousness, and consumer innovativeness influence purchase intention and willingness to pay a premium (WTP) for green cosmetics. Data were collected from 872 respondents in Indonesia and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with multi-group analysis (MGA) to capture demographic heterogeneity. The results show that all three drivers significantly influence purchase intention, which in turn affects WTP and acts as a partial mediator. Demographic differences further moderate several relationships, highlighting heterogeneity in green consumer behavior. This study contributes by integrating psychological drivers, behavioral mechanisms, and demographic heterogeneity into a unified framework to explain willingness to pay for green cosmetics. The findings offer practical insights for developing targeted strategies to promote sustainable consumption in emerging markets.
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Inclusive Leadership and Its Relationship with Teacher Collective Efficacy: A Systematic Review of Studies in Latin America (2015–2025)
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Maria-Eugenia Manzi-de-Rotela, Roberto Sánchez-Cabrero and Marta Sandoval-Mena
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050212 - 30 Apr 2026
Abstract
Inclusive leadership and collective teacher efficacy are key dimensions for understanding school improvement processes in Latin America. To synthesize recent developments in the field, this systematic review—conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol—aimed to: (1) compile the quantitative and qualitative evidence on inclusive
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Inclusive leadership and collective teacher efficacy are key dimensions for understanding school improvement processes in Latin America. To synthesize recent developments in the field, this systematic review—conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol—aimed to: (1) compile the quantitative and qualitative evidence on inclusive leadership and collective teacher efficacy from empirical studies carried out in Latin America between 2015 and 2025, and (2) identify current trends and main gaps in the scientific literature, considering the educational reality of the region. Searches conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC resulted in the selection of ten studies that met the established methodological criteria. The findings indicate that inclusive leadership promotes structures for participation, professional collaboration, and the creation of positive school climates, while collective teacher efficacy emerges as a shared perception influenced by organizational support, staff cohesion, and opportunities for collaborative work. The reviewed studies primarily focus on teachers working at the primary and secondary education levels. Overall, the evidence outlines a field in consolidation that offers valuable insights into the development of school leadership policies and the strengthening of inclusive educational cultures in Latin America in the future.
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(This article belongs to the Section Leadership)
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Open AccessArticle
Do Cultural Values Shape Responsible Global Expansion? Moderating Effects of Environmental Pressure and CEO Power on Chinese Firms’ OFDI Behavior
by
Junjie Yang and Xinyi Feng
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050211 - 30 Apr 2026
Abstract
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In the context of the global sustainability agenda, firms are increasingly expected to incorporate environmental considerations into their global expansion strategies. However, existing studies mainly focus on formal institutions and economic factors, while the role of informal institutions remains underexplored. This study examines
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In the context of the global sustainability agenda, firms are increasingly expected to incorporate environmental considerations into their global expansion strategies. However, existing studies mainly focus on formal institutions and economic factors, while the role of informal institutions remains underexplored. This study examines how Confucian cultural values influence Chinese firms’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), particularly their investment behavior in environmentally stringent host countries, such as Germany, Sweden, and Canada. Using panel data of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2009 to 2024, this study employs panel regression analysis to test the effects of cultural values, environmental pressure, and CEO power. The results show that cultural values are positively associated with both OFDI intensity and the likelihood of investing in environmentally stringent countries. In addition, environmental pressure strengthens this relationship, whereas CEO power weakens it. This study contributes to the literature on responsible global expansion by highlighting the role of informal institutions and firm-level characteristics. The findings also provide practical implications for policymakers and firms seeking to promote environmentally responsible international investment behavior.
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Open AccessArticle
Shifting Employment: Labor Challenges in Czechia, Hungary and Slovakia Beyond the Pandemic
by
József Poór, Allen Engle, Szonja Jenei, Szilvia Módosné Szalai and Zdeněk Caha
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050210 - 29 Apr 2026
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The employment and labor market landscape has undergone significant transformations globally, including the three Central European countries examined in this study. Over the past decades, organizations in this region have transitioned from a state of full employment to labor shortages, raising the question:
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The employment and labor market landscape has undergone significant transformations globally, including the three Central European countries examined in this study. Over the past decades, organizations in this region have transitioned from a state of full employment to labor shortages, raising the question: What factors have driven these changes? Our study aims to present a theoretical framework highlighting key macro-level factors, such as demographic trends, economic development, labor market dynamics, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of robotization and artificial intelligence. Based on two empirical studies conducted in 2019 and 2022 among Czech, Hungarian, and Slovak organizations, we analyzed the extent and causes of labor shortages, as well as the labor market effects of robotization. Using descriptive and non-parametric statistical methods, including frequency analysis and Mann–Whitney U tests, the study examined key trends and compared the two periods to identify significant shifts. The analytical approach of this study primarily aims to compare perceptions across occupational groups and between the two survey waves (2019 and 2022). Because most variables were measured on ordinal Likert-type scales and the datasets represent independent cross-sectional samples rather than a panel dataset, non-parametric methods were considered the most appropriate. More advanced causal modeling techniques, such as regression or factor analysis, were not applied because the objective of the research was exploratory and comparative rather than to establish causal relationships between variables. The findings reveal significant shifts in the perceived causes of labor shortages across occupational groups in the surveyed Central European organizations. In particular, increasing labor shortages were observed in specific job categories, alongside changes in the relative importance of the underlying drivers of labor shortages. While adopting robotization and artificial intelligence has been positively received, demographic decline and emigration remain critical challenges. The study provides practical insights for policymakers and corporate leaders regarding labor market challenges, workforce planning, and the potential role of robotization and artificial intelligence in addressing labor shortages. Although the research is based on a non-representative sample, it offers valuable insights into the Central European region’s employment and labor market trends. Future research could examine whether, in hard-to-fill positions, robotization and AI primarily provide indirect support by augmenting and reallocating human work, or whether they may serve as direct substitutes.
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Open AccessArticle
Impact of Digital Transformation 4.0 on Public Enterprises in Ecuador and Its Effects on Operational Productivity: A Case Study of EP PETROECUADOR Esmeraldas Refinery
by
Victoria Nayeli Flores, Katty Yirabel Flores and Renato M. Toasa
Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16050209 - 29 Apr 2026
Abstract
Digital transformation represents a strategic factor for enhancing organizational performance in the energy sector; however, its impact on operational productivity in Latin American public enterprises remains understudied. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Digital Transformation 4.0 and Operational
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Digital transformation represents a strategic factor for enhancing organizational performance in the energy sector; however, its impact on operational productivity in Latin American public enterprises remains understudied. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Digital Transformation 4.0 and Operational Productivity at the Esmeraldas Refinery of EP PETROECUADOR, Ecuador’s most significant public oil-refining facility. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was employed, with a structured survey administered to 200 employees and analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The results confirmed a positive and statistically significant relationship between Digital Transformation 4.0 and Operational Productivity. Among the dimensions analyzed, Process Digitalization emerged as the strongest predictor of operational performance, followed by Digital Infrastructure, which recorded a favorable assessment among respondents, and overall Digital Transformation, which reflected a moderate level of strategic implementation within the organization. Digital Talent, while positively correlated with productivity, did not yield an independent significant effect within the joint regression model. These findings provide empirical evidence of the value of technological adoption in public industrial contexts and suggest that future research should incorporate mediating variables such as organizational culture, change management, and sustainability-oriented digital strategies to further explore this relationship.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Administrative Strategies and Practices for Economic Growth and Development: Governance, Sustainability, and Digital Transformation in the 21st Century)
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