Autonomy is the core capability of future systems, and architecture design is one of the critical issues in system development and implementation. To discuss the architecture of autonomous systems in the future, this paper reviews the developing prog...
Computing systems are widely used in medical diagnosis, climate prediction, autonomous vehicles, etc. As the key part of electronics, the performance of computing systems is crucial in the intellectualization of the equipment. The conflict between pe...
Modern robots often use more than one processing unit to solve the requirements in robotics. Robots are frequently designed in a modular manner to fulfill the possibility to be extended for future tasks. The use of multiple processing units leads to...
The paper addresses the issues of implementing e-guide-based gamification systems for tourist attractions by proposing a dispersed gamification system architecture in which its respective functional aspects are handled by multiple web services with v...
Future systems of systems (SoSs) must adapt rapidly to evolving environments and stakeholder needs, yet conventional system engineering approaches often lack the flexibility to accommodate such change without costly re-engineering. Addressing this ga...
The automobile is evolving from a mechanically dominated to a cyber-physical, software-defined system. Future complex functionalities, such as autonomous driving, require multidisciplinary, interconnected systems. Hence, interdisciplinary architectur...
This article explores the world of dependable systems, specifically focusing on system design, software solutions, and architectural decisions that facilitate collaborative work on shared text documents across multiple users in near real time. It aim...
System-of-systems (SoS) architecture is crucial in managing complex and interconnected systems. However, the description and modeling of SoS architecture pose significant challenges and require a structured and organized approach. In this study, a me...
The design of the control systems for sensor networks presents important challenges. Besides the traditional problems about how to process the sensor data to obtain the target information, engineers need to consider additional aspects such as the het...
This work pursues the potential of extending “Industry 4.0” practices to farming toward achieving “Agriculture 4.0”. Our interest is in fruit harvesting, motivated by the problem of addressing the shortage of seasonal labor. In particular, here we pr...
One of the goals of the 5G Communication Automotive Research and innovation (5GCAR) project has been to evaluate and propose system architecture enhancements aiming at supporting the strict requirements of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases. In th...
Rapid launch is one of the key indicators of UAV swarm operations, and one of the key decisions that determines the ultimate success of launch system development is the choice of its product architecture. The high-definition design structure matrix (...
Embedded systems show the tendency of becoming more and more connected. This fact combined with the trend towards the Internet of Things, from which measuring instruments are not immune (e.g., smart meters), lets one assume that security in measuring...
A Train Control and Monitoring System (TCMS) is a vital part of monitoring sensors in a train. The data output of sensors is sent wirelessly to the data server for monitoring. However, as the wireless channel used to send the data is a shared public...
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) networks into smart cities is crucial to enhance the efficiency of city operations and services. Designing a smart city architecture that can adapt to the constantly changing functional and quality requirem...
Aerospace systems are connected with the operational environment and other systems in general. The focus in aerospace product development is consequently shifting from a singular system perspective to a System-of-Systems (SoS) perspective. This incre...
Delivering persistent values in a dynamic environment is a challenging but imperative capability for a system-of-systems (SoS). Practitioners in the SoS and defense domains are exploring the benefits of the operational-level reconfiguration strategie...
With the development of the fourth industrial technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, developed countries including the U.S. are investigating the efficiency of national defense, the public sector and national innovation...
Roots are important plant organs for the absorption of water and nutrients. To date, there have been few genome-wide association studies of maize root system architecture (RSA) in the field. The genetic basis of maize RSA is poorly understood, and th...
The continuously increasing complexity of modern and sustainable power and energy systems leads to a wide range of solutions developed by industry and academia. To manage such complex system-of-systems, proper engineering and validation approaches, m...
Stress in the workplace is a major problem that affects people of all ages, backgrounds, and occupations. It can contribute to various health problems, from anxiety to insomnia, among others. Workplace stress significantly impacts employee well-being...
The article presents the results of experiments aimed at finding the displacement of a cylinder being part of a boom system, as recorded after initiating a rapid breaking process. The tests were performed on a special test stand which allows modifica...
The world has witnessed the digital transformation and Industry 4.0 technologies in the past decade. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of automation and digitalization in certain areas of the manufacturing industry; in particular, warehouse automat...
Safety-critical intelligent automotive systems require stringent dependability while the systems are in operation. Therefore, safety and reliability issues must be addressed in the development of such safety-critical systems. Nevertheless, the incorp...
IT (Information Technology) support plays a major role in CPSs (cyber-physical systems). More and more IT solutions and CIS (complex information system) modules are being developed to help engineering systems to a higher level of efficiency. The diff...
This paper proposes a strategic architecture of sustainable system development (SSD) for ESG enterprise transformation, demonstrating its application through a real-world case study on large multi-purpose sports venues (LMPSVs). The research integrat...
IoE components are becoming an integral part of our lives and support the operation of systems such as smart homes, smart cities, or Industry 4.0. The large number and variety of IoE components force the creation of flexible systems for data acquisit...
This study develops and implements a scalable system architecture for dynamic data acquisition and knowledge modeling in industrial contexts. The objective is to efficiently process large datasets to support decision-making and process optimization w...
Human cognitive architecture represents an intelligent natural information processing system that is described by six operational principles: information store, randomness as genesis, borrowing and reorganizing, narrow limits of change, environmental...
Plant roots exploit morphological plasticity to adapt and respond to different soil environments. We characterized the root system architecture of nine wild tomato species and four cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties during early gr...
Movement–process collaborative compound robots are an important part of intelligent factory logistics systems, and they usually have two control systems located in the movement platform and the process platform. Interaction between the two plat...
Drought, a major abiotic stressor affecting global agricultural productivity, significantly reduces crop yields and threatens food security worldwide. As the primary organ for perceiving soil moisture signals and absorbing water, the crop root system...
City information systems are steadily relying on various stakeholders, heterogeneous resources, and interrelated digital services. Nevertheless, many initiatives still face difficulties in aligning actors, business processes, data, and technological...
Although the defense field is also one of the key areas that use big data for security reasons, there is a lack of study that designs system frameworks and presents security requirements to implement big data in defense. However, we overcome the secu...
Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a concept that aligns with both current and future mobility demands of users, namely intermodal, personalized, on-demand and seamless. Although the number of shared mobility, electric mobility and multimodal passenger...
The spatial arrangement and growth pattern of root systems, defined by the root system architecture (RSA), influences plant productivity and adaptation to soil environments, playing an important role in sustainable horticulture. Florida’s peach...
This paper presents a software architecture for Unmanned aerial system Traffic Management (UTM). The work is framed within the U-space ecosystem, which is the European initiative for UTM in the civil airspace. We propose a system that focuses on prov...
Root system architecture (RSA) is required for the acquisition of water and mineral nutrients from the soil. One of the essential nutrients, nitrate (NO3−), is sensed and transported by nitrate transporters NRT1.1 and NRT2.1 in the plants. Nitr...
Root system architecture (RSA) is an important developmental and agronomic trait that is regulated by various physical factors such as nutrients, water, microbes, gravity, and soil compaction as well as hormone-mediated pathways. Phytohormones act as...
In recent years phosphorus application methods have become an important management strategy for optimising the uptake of the immobile nutrient phosphorus (P). Root system architecture (RSA) could play a particularly important role in the uptake of P...
Open-source systems help to manage the rapid development of software, while governing open-source systems properly can effectively promote software and software engineering. However, some significant problems, such as code controls, incentives, inter...
Energy models have been widely applied to the analysis of energy system decarbonisation to assess the options and costs of a transition to a low carbon supply. However, questions persist as to whether they are able to effectively represent and assess...
The increasing interdependence between environmental degradation, geopolitical instability, and public-health pressures requires structured information-system architectures capable of integrating heterogeneous data and transforming them into decision...
The solar photo-voltaic systems control architecture has a substantial influence over the cost, efficiency, and accuracy of maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions. In this paper, a novel distributed architecture of a building i...
EtherCAT is one of the preferred real-time Ethernet technologies. However, EtherCAT is not applicable in high-end control fields due to real-time constraints. Clock synchronization and cycle time are the most representative limitations. In this paper...
Non-synchronous renewable energy sources (RESs) have strong volatility and low inertia, which brings about great challenges on the accommodation of RESs and the security and stability of power systems. This paper proposes a bi-level power system disp...
This paper is concerned with Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)-based systems for energy-efficient high-throughput string comparison. Modern applications which involve comparisons across large data sets—such as large sequence sets in molecul...
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial leguminous plant, with a strong tap root system that plays an important role in alfalfa’s adaptation to drought stress. However, a better understanding of root functional traits and how these root tra...
Background: Longitudinal menstrual cycle monitoring requires digital health systems capable of handling individual variability, irregular sampling, and incomplete real-world observations. Most consumer-focused menstrual-tracking applications depend o...
The root system architecture (RSA) of plants is highly dependent on the surrounding nutrient environment. The uptake of essential nutrients triggers various signaling cascades and fluctuations in plant hormones to elicit physical changes in RSA. Thes...
of 472