State of the Art of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Ecosystems and Architectures—An Overview of, and a Definition, Ecosystem and System Architecture for Electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS)

Reyes García, José Roberto; Lenz, Gadi; Haveman, Steven P.; Bonnema, Gerrit Maarten

doi:10.3390/wevj11010007

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State of the Art of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Ecosystems and Architectures—An Overview of, and a Definition, Ecosystem and System Architecture for Electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS)

José Roberto Reyes García

^1,*

Gadi Lenz

Steven P. Haveman

and

Gerrit Maarten Bonnema

Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands

Urban Software Institute GmbH, Fasanenstraße 3, 10623 Berlin, Germany

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

World Electr. Veh. J. 2020, 11(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj11010007

Received: 8 October 2019 / Revised: 25 November 2019 / Accepted: 2 December 2019 / Published: 24 December 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A World of E MOTION—Selected Papers from the 32nd International Electric Vehicles Symposium and Exhibition (Lyon, France))

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Abstract

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a concept that aligns with both current and future mobility demands of users, namely intermodal, personalized, on-demand and seamless. Although the number of shared mobility, electric mobility and multimodal passenger transport users is rapidly growing, until now, the list of MaaS and electric Mobility as Service (eMaaS) providers is quite short. This could partly be explained by the lack of a common architecture that facilitates the complex integration of all actors involved in the (e)MaaS ecosystem. The goal of this publication is to give an overview of the state of the art regarding (e)MaaS’ ecosystems and architectures. Moreover, it aims to support the further development of eMaaS by proposing a definition and a novel system architecture for eMaaS. Firstly, the state of the art of the MaaS ecosystem is reviewed. Secondly, the eMaaS ecosystem that builds upon our definition of eMaaS is described and the MaaS system- and technical- architectures found in literature are reviewed. Finally, an eMaaS architecture that focuses on the integration of MaaS and electric mobility systems is presented. With the definition, ecosystem and system architecture presented in this work, the aim is to support the further development of the eMaaS concept. View Full-Text

Keywords: electric mobility; electric mobility systems; electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS); system architecture

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MDPI and ACS Style

Reyes García, J.R.; Lenz, G.; Haveman, S.P.; Bonnema, G.M. State of the Art of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Ecosystems and Architectures—An Overview of, and a Definition, Ecosystem and System Architecture for Electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS). World Electr. Veh. J. 2020, 11, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj11010007

AMA Style

Reyes García JR, Lenz G, Haveman SP, Bonnema GM. State of the Art of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Ecosystems and Architectures—An Overview of, and a Definition, Ecosystem and System Architecture for Electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS). World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2020; 11(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj11010007

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reyes García, José R., Gadi Lenz, Steven P. Haveman, and Gerrit M. Bonnema. 2020. "State of the Art of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Ecosystems and Architectures—An Overview of, and a Definition, Ecosystem and System Architecture for Electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS)" World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj11010007

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State of the Art of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Ecosystems and Architectures—An Overview of, and a Definition, Ecosystem and System Architecture for Electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS)

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