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354 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,564 Views
18 Pages

Performance Characteristics of Newly Developed Real-Time Wave Measurement Buoy Using the Variometric Approach

  • Chen Xue,
  • Jingsong Guo,
  • Shumin Jiang,
  • Yanfeng Wang and ,
  • Yanliang Guo and
  • Jie Li
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

10 November 2024

Accurate measurement of ocean wave parameters is critical for applications including ocean modeling, coastal engineering, and disaster management. This article introduces a novel global navigation satellite system (GNSS) drifting buoy for surface wav...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,765 Views
14 Pages

26 February 2021

The estimation of shear wave velocity is very important in ultrasonic shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI). Since the stability and accuracy of ultrasonic testing equipment have been greatly improved, in order to further improve the accuracy of shear...

(This article belongs to the Section Acoustics and Vibrations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,045 Views
19 Pages

Real-Time Wave Energy Converter Control Using Instantaneous Frequency

  • Inyong Kim,
  • Ted K. A. Brekken,
  • Solomon Yim,
  • Brian Johnson and ,
  • Yue Cao and
  • Pranav Chandran
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

28 April 2025

Wave Energy Converters (WECs) rely on effective Power Take-Off (PTO) control strategies to maximize energy absorption under dynamic sea conditions. Traditional hydrodynamic modeling techniques may require computationally intensive convolution calcula...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamics and Control with Applications to Ocean Renewables)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,078 Views
19 Pages

2 April 2026

In conventional infrared imaging systems, non-uniformity correction typically involves continuously reading correction parameters from double data rate (DDR) memory. For high-frame-rate short-wave infrared imaging systems to achieve real-time non-uni...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Image Processing and Sensing Technologies—Second Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
7,921 Views
25 Pages

A Real-Time Early Warning Seismic Event Detection Algorithm Using Smart Geo-Spatial Bi-Axial Inclinometer Nodes for Industry 4.0 Applications

  • Hasan Tariq,
  • Farid Touati,
  • Mohammed Abdulla E. Al-Hitmi,
  • Damiano Crescini and
  • Adel Ben Mnaouer

4 September 2019

Earthquakes are one of the major natural calamities as well as a prime subject of interest for seismologists, state agencies, and ground motion instrumentation scientists. The real-time data analysis of multi-sensor instrumentation is a valuable know...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,418 Views
18 Pages

Monitoring and Analysis of Wave Characteristics during Pipeline End Termination Installation

  • Duanfeng Han,
  • Ting Cui,
  • Lihao Yuan,
  • Yingfei Zan and
  • Zhaohui Wu

28 August 2019

Pipeline end termination (PLET) installation is an essential part of offshore pipe-laying operation. Pipe-laying operations are sensitive to pipe-laying barge motion and marine environmental conditions. Monitoring the field environment can provide a...

(This article belongs to the Section AI-Enabled Process Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,167 Views
22 Pages

Wavelet-Guided Multi-Scale ConvNeXt for Unsupervised Medical Image Registration

  • Xuejun Zhang,
  • Aobo Xu,
  • Ganxin Ouyang,
  • Zhengrong Xu and ,
  • Shaofei Shen,
  • Wenkang Chen,
  • Mingxian Liang,
  • Guiqi Zhang,
  • Jiashun Wei and
  • Dongbo Wu
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

Medical image registration is essential in clinical practices such as surgical navigation and image-guided diagnosis. The Transformer architecture of TransMorph demonstrates better accuracy in non-rigid registration tasks. However, its weaker spatial...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Imaging and Data Analytics for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,865 Views
23 Pages

Identification of Multi-Innovation Stochastic Gradients with Maximum Likelihood Algorithm Based on Ship Maneuverability and Wave Peak Models

  • Yang Liu,
  • Qiang Zhang,
  • Longjin Wang,
  • Shun An and ,
  • Yan He,
  • Zhimin Fan and
  • Fang Deng
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

This paper investigates the problem of real-time parameter identification for ship maneuvering parameters and wave peak frequency in an ocean environment. Based on the idea of Euler discretion, a combined model of ship maneuvering and wave peak frequ...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,189 Views
13 Pages

Coal Ash Content Measurement Based on Pseudo-Dual Energy X-ray Transmission

  • Xiufeng Zhang,
  • Long Liang,
  • Taiyou Li,
  • Jiakun Tan and ,
  • Xingguo Liang and
  • Guangyuan Xie
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

18 December 2021

The real-time ash content measurement is the fundamental condition for the timely adjustment and intelligent control of operation parameters in coal production and utilization industry. In the present work, a real-time ash content analyzer based on t...

(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,230 Views
19 Pages

A Hybrid Gaussian Process Framework for Rapid Prediction of Umbilical Cable Mechanics in Deep-Sea Mining

  • Zhihao Yu,
  • Chaojun Huang,
  • Shuqing Wang,
  • Jiancheng Liu and ,
  • Yuankun Sun,
  • Lei Li,
  • Wencheng Liu,
  • Liwei Yu and
  • Yuanhe Li
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

23 November 2025

The umbilical cable is an important component of the deep-sea mining system, serving as the sole connection between the surface support vessel and the seabed mining system. The harsh marine environment poses significant challenges to umbilical cable...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
448 Views
29 Pages

FPGA-Based Cascade Control of a Piston-Type Wave Maker with Height Feedback

  • Batın Demircan,
  • Tuğçe Tepebaşi,
  • Sabri Biçakçi and
  • Ersin Akyüz

14 October 2026

The traditional control approach for piston-type wave makers is reduced to a piston position tracking problem based on open-loop wave-maker theory; however, due to hydrodynamic loading, nonlinear effects, and propagation delays, the target wave condi...

(This article belongs to the Section Control Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,887 Views
24 Pages

Quality Assessment and Practical Interpretation of the Wave Parameters Estimated by HF Radars in NW Spain

  • Ana Basañez,
  • Pablo Lorente,
  • Pedro Montero,
  • Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul and
  • Vicente Pérez-Muñuzuri

11 February 2020

High-frequency (HF) radars are efficient tools for measuring vast areas and gathering ocean parameters in real-time. However, the accuracy of their wave estimates is under analysis. This paper presents a new methodology for analyzing and validating t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synergy of Remote Sensing and Modelling Techniques for Ocean Studies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,563 Views
18 Pages

3 February 2026

Currently, most wave observation equipment is used for fixed-point measurements, and there is a relative scarcity of ship-borne real-time wave measurement devices, which limits comprehensive and three-dimensional monitoring of wave characteristics. T...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,859 Views
14 Pages

5 May 2025

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the major farmed fish species in China. In recent years, the increasing water temperature caused by global warming has caused physiological stress in fish, which in turn affects the heart function and health of the fi...

(This article belongs to the Section Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,846 Views
18 Pages

25 September 2024

Aiming at the requirements of the marine work platform for real-time control, time-varying speed and the time-varying torque control of the motor-driven active heave compensation device, this paper introduces a composite control strategy based on the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Fuzzy Logic and Mathematics with Applications II)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,823 Views
22 Pages

24 May 2025

Guided-wave structural health monitoring offers exceptional sensitivity to localized defects but relies on high-fidelity simulations that are prohibitively expensive for real-time use. Reduced-order models can alleviate this cost but hinge on affine...

(This article belongs to the Section E4: Mathematical Physics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
844 Views
22 Pages

A Multi-Head Attention Network for Fast Prediction of Ultrasonic Guided Wave Dispersion Under Coupled Temperature and Stress

  • Xiao Ying,
  • Zhao Wang,
  • Jian Li,
  • Yantao Liu and ,
  • Haibo Li,
  • Haoran Jin,
  • Fuzai Lv and
  • Yang Liu
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

1 March 2026

Ultrasonic guided wave sensors are widely employed for structural health monitoring; yet, their signal interpretation reliability is frequently compromised in extreme environments where coupled temperature and stress induce significant nonlinear drif...

(This article belongs to the Section Industrial Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
585 Views
22 Pages

Similar to a web search engine, we have developed a computer-based acoustic search engine tailored for the critical scenario of high-speed aircraft ground explosion monitoring, addressing the long-standing challenge of real-time localization for such...

(This article belongs to the Topic Image Processing, Signal Processing and Their Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
5,544 Views
14 Pages

8 November 2021

The inspection of wave motion and propagation of diffusion, convection, dispersion, and dissipation is a key research area in mathematics, physics, engineering, and real-time application fields. This article addresses the generalized dimensional Hiro...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations: Theory and Applications II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,065 Views
21 Pages

Design and Implementation of a Wave Measurement System Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar Array

  • Zhijin Qiu,
  • Yunfei Jiang,
  • Bo Wang,
  • Chen Fan and ,
  • Yushang Wu,
  • Zhiqian Li,
  • Jing Zou and
  • Bin Wang
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

28 January 2026

Ocean waves are created by energy passing through water, causing it to move in a circular motion and have a crucial impact on the safety of ship navigation, offshore engineering construction, and marine disaster early warning. Therefore, developing h...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,915 Views
11 Pages

Near Real-Time Detection and Moment Tensor Inversion of the 11 May 2022, Dharchula Earthquake

  • Pankaj Kumar,
  • Vipul Silwal,
  • Rinku Mahanta,
  • Vipin Kumar Maurya and ,
  • Kamal,
  • Mukat Lal Sharma and
  • Ambikapathy Ammani
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

14 December 2023

On 11 May 2022, an earthquake of Mw 5.2 occurred in the Dharchula region of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System (UEEWS) detected and transmitted the warning within 11.61 s from the origin time, taking o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,162 Views
45 Pages

The use of ships and boats as sea-state (SS) measurement platforms has the potential to expand ocean observations while providing actionable information for real-time operational decision-making at sea. Within the framework of the Wave Buoy Analogy (...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
426 Views
21 Pages

Wave Parameter Inversion Based on Sea Clutter Characteristics

  • Xiao Li,
  • Xin Li,
  • Huaiyun Peng,
  • Xinyu Xu and
  • Chunzhi Hou

19 August 2026

Accurate acquisition of wave parameters is important for marine monitoring and target identification. Traditional methods are limited in sea state adaptability, real-time observation, and inversion accuracy. Tower-based non-scanning pulsed radar, as...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
363 Views
20 Pages

21 August 2026

Real-time monitoring of wave-induced loads supports ship masters’ scientific navigation decisions, where vertical bending moment is a core index representing hull longitudinal bending under waves. This paper combines a temporal convolutional ne...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analysis of Ship and Offshore Structures)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,145 Views
13 Pages

21 February 2022

This paper proposes a novel method for physical fatigue assessment that can be applied in wearable systems, by utilizing a set of real-time measurable cardiovascular parameters. Daylength measurements, including a morning test set, physical exercise...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications, Wearables and Sensing Technology in Sports and Physical Activity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,306 Views
17 Pages

Offshore, Unmanned Auto-Leveling Sea-Surface Drifting Platform with Compact Size

  • Zonglai Mo,
  • Kexiang Li,
  • Kefeng Xie,
  • Jun Li and
  • Yanjun Li

26 February 2023

This paper proposes an offshore, unmanned auto-leveling sea-surface drifting platform, with a compact size of 0.7 m in diameter, used for obtaining air-sea interface environmental parameters. The platform was designed based on the parallel mechanism...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Floating Structures)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,276 Views
18 Pages

25 January 2021

The sand-filling method has been widely used in immersed tube tunnel engineering. However, for the problem of monitoring during the sand-filling process, the traditional methods can be inadequate for evaluating the state of sand deposits in real-time...

(This article belongs to the Section Civil Engineering)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,622 Views
9 Pages

13 April 2023

Monitored infection and vaccination rates during past past waves of the coronavirus are used to infer a posteriori two-key parameter of the SIRV epidemic model, namely, the real-time variation in (i) the ratio of recovery to infection rate and (ii) t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Modeling and Statistics for COVID-19)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,233 Views
16 Pages

PWPNet: A Deep Learning Framework for Real-Time Prediction of Significant Wave Height Distribution in a Port

  • Cui Xie,
  • Xiudong Liu,
  • Tenghao Man,
  • Tianbao Xie and ,
  • Junyu Dong,
  • Xiaozhou Ma,
  • Yang Zhao and
  • Guohai Dong
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

26 September 2022

In this paper, a 2-stage cascaded deep learning framework, Port Wave Prediction Network (PWPNet), is proposed for real-time prediction of significant wave height (SWH) distribution in a port. The PWP-out model of the first stage, predicting port-entr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earth System Modeling, Data Assimilation, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning and Ocean Information Engineering)
  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,868 Views
43 Pages

15 November 2017

The rapidly growing field of chemical catalysis is dependent on analytical methods for non-destructive real-time monitoring of chemical reactions in complex systems such as emulsions, suspensions and gels, where most analytical techniques are limited...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Homogeneous Catalysis and Mechanisms in Water and Biphasic Media)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,976 Views
21 Pages

27 July 2021

The main goal of an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) is to alert before the arrival of damaging waves using the first seismic arrival as a proxy, thus becoming an important operational tool for real-time seismic risk management on a short times...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,671 Views
10 Pages

Which Factors Affect the Stress of Intraoperative Orthopedic Surgeons by Using Electroencephalography Signals and Heart Rate Variability?

  • Ji-Won Kwon,
  • Soo-Bin Lee,
  • Sahyun Sung,
  • Yung Park and ,
  • Joong-Won Ha,
  • Gihun Kim,
  • Kyung-Soo Suk,
  • Hak-Sun Kim,
  • Hwan-Mo Lee and
  • Byung Ho Lee
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

10 June 2021

Can we recognize intraoperative real-time stress of orthopedic surgeons and which factors affect the stress of intraoperative orthopedic surgeons with EEG and HRV? From June 2018 to November 2018, 265 consecutive records of intraoperative stress meas...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurophysiological Monitoring)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
7,856 Views
18 Pages

31 May 2023

The inter-story drift ratio (IDR) is a crucial parameter in structural health monitoring to judge the safety, stability, and serviceability of buildings. Real-time, continuous, and widely applicable detection on IDRs is essential. However, the curren...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structural Health Monitoring: From Theory to Applications II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,655 Views
18 Pages

21 August 2023

In this paper, we propose a combined filtering method rooted in the application of the Sage–Husa Adaptive Kalman filtering, designed specifically to process wave sensor data. This methodology aims to boost the measurement precision and real-tim...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,359 Views
11 Pages

Estimation of Wave Characteristics Based on Global Navigation Satellite System Data Installed on Board Sailboats

  • Paolo De Girolamo,
  • Mattia Crespi,
  • Alessandro Romano,
  • Augusto Mazzoni and ,
  • Marcello Di Risio,
  • Davide Pasquali,
  • Giorgio Bellotti,
  • Myrta Castellino and
  • Paolo Sammarco
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

17 May 2019

This paper illustrates a methodology to get a reliable estimation of the local wave properties, based on the reconstruction of the motion of a moving sailboat by means of GNSS receivers installed on board and an original kinematic positioning approac...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea)
  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,057 Views
25 Pages

15 October 2025

Obtaining accurate information on stratigraphic conditions and drilling status is necessary to ensure the safety of the drilling process and to guarantee the production of oil and gas. Sensing while drilling and intelligent monitoring technology, whi...

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Oil and Gas Wellbore Integrity, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,168 Views
17 Pages

A Method for Detecting Cast-in-Place Bored Pile Top Surface Based on Full Waveform Inversion

  • Ming Chen,
  • Jinchao Wang,
  • Jiwen Zeng,
  • Hao He and ,
  • Lu Wang,
  • Haicheng Zhou and
  • Houcheng Liu
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

27 August 2025

Real-time monitoring of the pile foundation pouring status is the key to ensuring the quality and reliability of cast-in-place bored pile foundation structures. In response to the technical challenge of difficult real-time monitoring and accurate eva...

(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)
  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
9,171 Views
23 Pages

25 May 2023

With the gradual development of and improvement in earthquake early warning systems (EEWS), more accurate real-time seismic intensity measurements (IMs) methods are needed to assess the impact range of earthquake intensities. Although traditional poi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Automatic Detection of Seismic Signals)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,703 Views
22 Pages

To improve the efficiency and stability of an eccentric rotating wave energy converter (ERWEC), the adaptive hydraulic power-take-off (PTO) system with an accumulator is designed and developed. Experiments are performed to analyze the effects of trig...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tidal and Wave Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,793 Views
24 Pages

2 September 2018

Roadway rockbursts seriously restrict the safety production of coal mines; however, the interaction between dynamic loads and roadway surrounding rocks has not been fully considered in existing studies. A dynamic failure analysis model of anchoring s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,487 Views
20 Pages

4 April 2025

This study introduces a data-driven and machine learning (ML)-based methodology for converting the encounter wave frequency spectrum to the original wave spectrum, a critical process for navigating vessels with forward speed in various control and ad...

(This article belongs to the Section Marine Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
11,366 Views
32 Pages

3 April 2013

An overtopping model specifically suited for Wave Dragon is needed in order to improve the reliability of its performance estimates. The model shall be comprehensive of all relevant physical processes that affect overtopping and flexible to adapt to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy from the Ocean - Wave and Tidal Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,155 Views
13 Pages

Pulsed Thermal Method for Monitoring Cell Proliferation in Real-Time

  • Seppe Bormans,
  • Gilles Oudebrouckx,
  • Patrick Vandormael,
  • Thijs Vandenryt and ,
  • Patrick Wagner,
  • Veerle Somers and
  • Ronald Thoelen
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

1 April 2021

The study of cell proliferation is of great importance for medical and biological research, as well as for industrial applications. To render the proliferation process accurately over time, real-time cell proliferation assay methods are required. Thi...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,490 Views
20 Pages

20 June 2024

Low-frequency communication constitutes a vital component of essential communication systems, serving a pivotal role in remote radio communication, navigation, timing, and seismic analysis. To enhance the predictive precision of low-frequency skywave...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Remote Sensing in Monitoring Ionospheric and Atmospheric Physics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,586 Views
19 Pages

10 December 2025

Marine risers, critical structures connecting underwater production systems and surface floating platforms, stand freely in water and endure extremely complex marine environmental loads. To meet the multi-parameter observation demand for their overal...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,980 Views
19 Pages

23 September 2022

Real-time, continuous, and long-term marine monitoring data benefits ocean research. This study developed a low-cost, multi-parameter, miniature wave buoy. High spatial and temporal resolution of sea surface parameters, including wind, waves, and cur...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
8,945 Views
8 Pages

Passive Downhole Pressure Sensor Based on Surface Acoustic Wave Technology

  • Sully M. M. Quintero,
  • Sávio W. O. Figueiredo,
  • Victor L. Takahashi,
  • Roberth A. W. Llerena and
  • Arthur M. B. Braga

15 July 2017

A passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) pressure sensor was developed for real-time pressure monitoring in downhole application. The passive pressure sensor consists of a SAW resonator, which is attached to a circular metal diaphragm used as a pressure...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Acoustic Wave and Bulk Acoustic Wave Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,399 Views
12 Pages

Real-Time Simulation of Wave Phenomena in Lung Ultrasound Imaging

  • Kamil Szostek,
  • Julia Lasek and
  • Adam Piórkowski

30 August 2023

Medical simulations have proven to be highly valuable in the education of healthcare professionals. This significance was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, where simulators provided a safe and effective means of training healthcare p...

(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,060 Views
23 Pages

20 October 2020

Parametric resonance is a dynamic instability due to the internal transfer of energy between degrees of freedom. Parametric resonance is known to cause large unstable pitch and/or roll motions in floating bodies, and has been observed in wave energy...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization and Energy Maximizing Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
7,120 Views
18 Pages

Design of a Millimeter-Wave Radar Remote Monitoring System for the Elderly Living Alone Using WIFI Communication

  • Kai Guo,
  • Chang Liu,
  • Shasha Zhao,
  • Jingxin Lu and ,
  • Senhao Zhang and
  • Hongbo Yang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

26 November 2021

In response to the current demand for the remote monitoring of older people living alone, a non-contact human vital signs monitoring system based on millimeter wave radar has gradually become the object of research. This paper mainly carried out rese...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)

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