Millions of children in the United States are growing up hearing multiple languages. Memory flexibility is the ability to apply information from a past experience to future situations that are perceptually different from the initial learning experien...
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) causes the release of several neuromodulators, leading to cortical activation and deactivation. The resulting preparatory cortical plasticity can be used to increase learning and memory in both rats and humans. The effec...
The development of language skills requires a range of linguistic abilities and cognitive processes, such as executive functions (EFs, i.e., a set of skills involved in goal-directed activities which are crucial for regulating thoughts and actions)....
Numerous studies have supported benefits of omega-3 supplementation using Menhaden fish oil (FO) to promote brain maturation and plasticity during critical developmental periods. The goal of this study was to determine sex-specific immediate and dela...
Solid-state memory is an essential component of the digital age. With advancements in healthcare technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for ultra-dense, ultra-low-power memory is increasing. In this review, we present a comprehensive...
Supercapacitors as novel and efficient energy storage devices could provide a higher power density and energy density compared to other electronics and devices. However, traditional supercapacitors are readily damaged, which leads to degraded perform...
In this study, a flexible bioresistive memory with an aluminum/tussah hemolymph/indium tin oxide/polyethylene terephthalate structure is fabricated by using a natural biological material, tussah hemolymph (TH), as the active layer. When different com...
Polychloro-para-xylylene (parylene-C) is a flexible and transparent polymer material which has excellent chemical stability and high biocompatibility. Here we demonstrate a polymer device based on single-component parylene-C with memory and temperatu...
To meet the needs of present-day robotics, a family of gripping flexible fingers has been designed. Each of them consists of a number of independent and flexible modules that can be assembled in different configurations. Each module consists of a bod...
A recent trend in the development of high mass consumption electron devices is towards electronic textiles (e-textiles), smart wearable devices, smart clothes, and flexible or printable electronics. Intrinsically soft, stretchable, flexible, Wearable...
This paper presents a penalty-based sliding mode control (SMC) law for flexible bar system, which uses shape memory alloy (SMA) as actuator. SMA actuators are lightweight, compact and flexible which facilitate their integration into flexible structur...
In memory, representations of spatial features are stored in different reference frames; features relative to our position are stored egocentrically and features relative to each other are stored allocentrically. Accessing these representations engag...
Soft robots can create complicated structures and functions for rehabilitation. The posture perception of soft actuators is critical for performing closed-loop control for a precise location. It is essential to have a sensor with both soft and flexib...
In real-world logistics scenarios, the complexities often surpass what traditional Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) models can effectively address. For instance, when there is an excess of goods and limited vehicles, traditional CVRP models...
Haptic technology allows us to experience tactile and force sensations without the need to expose ourselves to specific environments. It also allows a more immersive experience with virtual reality devices. This paper presents the development of a so...
In this paper, an operator- and observer-based nonlinear tracking control scheme is proposed. Initially, the error-based extended state observer (eESO) is employed on the objective nonlinear plant, which addresses the compensation for perturbations l...
31 March 2021
This study analyzed response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory in three groups of patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, considering some variables that may...
Morse code recognition plays a very important role in the application of human–machine interaction. In this paper, based on the carbon nanotube (CNT) and polyurethane sponge (PUS) composite material, a flexible tactile CNT/PUS sensor with great...
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the leading known cause of intellectual disability, and may manifest as deficits in cognitive function, including working memory. Working memory capacity and accuracy increases during adolescence when neurons...
(1) Background: It is important to understand how inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and attentional control impact reading and writing skills to identify areas for intervention and create effective intervention programs. This pilot s...
Flexibility (i.e., the number of categorically different ideas), fluency (i.e., the answer quantity), and originality (i.e., the quality of ideas) are essential aspects of the ability to think divergently. Theoretically, fluency and ideational flexib...
Electronic memory devices, such as memristors, charge trap memory, and floating-gate memory, have been developed over the last decade. The use of polymers in electronic memory devices enables new opportunities, including easy-to-fabricate processes,...
Background: Cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, and working memory are considered the main mechanisms responsible for executive control. This study examined differences in cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and working memory in patients with...
In this paper, a floating-gate flexible nonvolatile memory is reported that is composed of natural biological materials, namely, silkworm hemolymph, graphene quantum dots as the floating-gate layer, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the insulatin...
Research demonstrates that adolescents differ from adults in their response to drugs of abuse. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of ethanol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol hydrochloride (THC), and a combination of these drugs g...
An indirect connection between executive functioning and imagination was revealed earlier in the study of pretend play. This study aimed to explore the relationship between imagination and executive functions in children. Two-hundred-six typically de...
The von Neumann architecture, due to the physical separation between memory and processor, has limited the development of data-intensive applications. Neuromorphic computing technologies inspired by the brain’s parallel and event-driven operati...
Graphene oxide-cysteamine-silver nanoparticle (GCA)/silver nanowire (AgNW)/GCA/colorless poly(amide-imide) (cPAI) structures based on cPAI substrates with polyimide and polyamide syntheses were fabricated to study their characteristics. A layer of el...
18 November 2022
Executive function is among the most affected cognitive dimensions in depression. Physical exercise may improve executive function (e.g., working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility), although this is without consensus on adults with depression...
Studies have reported difficulties in decision making for patients with schizophrenia or depression. Here, we investigated whether there are differences between schizophrenia patients, depressed patients, and healthy individuals (HC) when decisions a...
This paper describes the design, fabrication, integration, characterization, and demonstration of a novel flexible double-sided curvature sensor array for use in soft robotics. The paper explores the performance and potential applications of a piezor...
Thiol-ene polymers are a promising class of biomaterials with a wide range of potential applications, including organs-on-a-chip, microfluidics, drug delivery, and wound healing. These polymers offer flexibility, softening, and shape memory propertie...
Critical neuropsychological capabilities such as working memory, cognitive flexibility, and processing speed are foundational to many daily activities. For children, such skills are essential for school success. Thus, children who demonstrate weaknes...
Polymer dielectric materials have recently attracted attention for their versatile applications in emerging electronic devices such as memory, field-effect transistors (FETs), and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). This review highlights the advan...
The bilingual effect on executive functions (EFs) has garnered considerable attention, with most studies focusing on the visual domain and largely overlooking the auditory domain. Furthermore, research has predominantly concentrated on specific subco...
Physical exercise is a low-cost and easy-to-implement therapeutic option proposed to reduce the negative effect of depression on the executive function cognitive dimension, including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. Although a c...
Flexible grippers are a promising and pivotal technology for robotic grasping and manipulation tasks. Remarkably, magnetorheological (MR) materials, recognized as intelligent materials with exceptional performance, are extensively employed in flexibl...
Internationally, there are several studies that examined the relationship between core executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility) and mind wandering. These studies focused mostly on adult samples and there are...
19 October 2023
Although evidence for young children (<10) and older adults (>64) highlights an association between physical activity (PA) and executive functions (EFs), there is a paucity of research on adolescents aged 18–24 years. Thus, this study exa...
Previous studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between attending music classes regularly and the development of executive functions. This paper discusses the results of a pilot study dedicated to determining the difference in the le...
Objective: Many children suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show problems in executive functions (EF), which reflect neuronal pathways from perception to controlled action. Treatment approaches that improve executive funct...
Flexible problem solving, the ability to deal with currently goal-irrelevant information that may have been goal-relevant in previous, similar situations, plays a prominent role in cognitive development and has been repeatedly investigated in develop...
One of the most studied aspects of children’s cognitive development is that of the development of the executive function, and research has shown that physical activity has been demonstrated as a key factor in its enhancement. This meta-analysis aims...
There is growing interest in examining acute effects of exercise on cognitive functions and neurocognitive outcomes. These behavioral and neurocognitive outcomes have been most frequently investigated in healthy young individuals, but relatively few...
Executive functions comprise of top-down cognitive processes that exert control over information processing, from acquiring information to issuing a behavioral response. These cognitive processes of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibili...
The relationship between the leadership behavior of a chief executive officer (CEO) and start-up enterprise performance is key to effecting the survival and development of start-ups in the era of the internet economy. Currently, most studies on this...
Background: Children with CP show deficits in executive function compared to their typically developing peers, based on the majority of the available evidence. However, the magnitude of these deficits, as well as the proportions of the shortfalls in...
1 October 2022
Exercise programs of moderate-to-vigorous intensity have been shown to improve the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects of sports-based exercise programs on cognitive performance, particularly executive functions, rema...
Flexible electronic devices have received great attention in the fields of foldable electronic devices, wearable electronic devices, displays, actuators, synaptic bionics and so on. Among them, high-performance flexible memory for information storage...
The present study aims to assess differences in executive functioning between monolingual and multilingual 23-month-old toddlers, both when dichotomizing multilingualism and assessing it on a continuum. It is hypothesized that multilinguals, individu...
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