Multifaceted Shape Memory Polymer Technology for Biomedical Application: Combining Self-Softening and Stretchability Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Polymer Synthesis
2.2. Characterization of Polymer
2.2.1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.2.2. Swelling
2.2.3. Mechanical Tensile Test
2.2.4. Thermomechanical Test
2.2.5. Shape Memory Characterization
2.2.6. MTT Cytotoxicity Assay
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Statistical Analysis
3.2. FTIR Results
3.3. Swelling
3.4. Mechanical Tensile Test
3.5. Thermomechanical Test
3.6. Shape Memory Characterization
3.7. MTT Cytotoxicity
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Step | Conditions |
---|---|
Step 0: Conditioning Preload | Apply 0.1 N preload force with force track 125.0% turned on. |
Step 1: Isostress | Temperature ramp from 20 °C (~room temperature) to 50 °C (~Tg + 20 °C) at a rate of 5 °C/min. |
Step 2: Strain ramp | Ramp strain to 20% at a rate of 5.0%/min. |
Step 3: Isostrain | Hold the sample at 20% strain for 5 min. |
Step 4: Isostrain | With the strain maintained at 20%, ramp down the temperature to 10 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min. |
Step 5: Isostress | Hold the sample at 0.1 N for 10 min to assess the shape fixity of the polymer. |
Step 6: Isostress | Hold the sample at 0.1 N while ramping the temperature from 10 °C to 20 °C and hold it for 10 min to assess the shape recovery at room temperature. |
Step 7: Isostress | Hold the sample at 0.1 N while ramping the temperature from 20 °C to 50 °C and hold it for 5 min to assess the shape recovery at a temperature above Tg. |
Step 8: Isostress | Hold the sample at 0.1 N while ramping the temperature from 50 °C to 20 °C to complete one cycle. |
Step 9: Conditioning | Repeat all steps three more times. |
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Chitrakar, C.; Torres, M.A.; Rocha-Flores, P.E.; Hu, Q.; Ecker, M. Multifaceted Shape Memory Polymer Technology for Biomedical Application: Combining Self-Softening and Stretchability Properties. Polymers 2023, 15, 4226. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214226
Chitrakar C, Torres MA, Rocha-Flores PE, Hu Q, Ecker M. Multifaceted Shape Memory Polymer Technology for Biomedical Application: Combining Self-Softening and Stretchability Properties. Polymers. 2023; 15(21):4226. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214226
Chicago/Turabian StyleChitrakar, Chandani, Marc Anthony Torres, Pedro Emanuel Rocha-Flores, Qichan Hu, and Melanie Ecker. 2023. "Multifaceted Shape Memory Polymer Technology for Biomedical Application: Combining Self-Softening and Stretchability Properties" Polymers 15, no. 21: 4226. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214226