Special and Inclusive Education: Challenges, Policy and Practice

A special issue of Education Sciences (ISSN 2227-7102). This special issue belongs to the section "Special and Inclusive Education".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2025 | Viewed by 3294

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Associate Professor, School of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. Post Doctor, China Institute of Education and Social Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3. Visting Scholar, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
Interests: special education; inclusive education; psychology and education for developmental disabilities; education policy

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Guest Editor
National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: psychometrics (item response theory, structural equation models, cognitive diagnose models); longitudinal data analysis/growth models; digital literacy; online learning and assessment; alternative assessment; assessment literacy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Special and inclusive education is an important part of the field of education, which aims to ensure that all children, including those with special education needs (SEN), have equal access to educational opportunities. The practice of education for SEN is various across different cultures. Inclusive education brings challenges to general education and special education, especially in educational systems, educational resources, and educational practice. As societies become more diverse, education systems must adapt and meet the needs of different learners. Inclusive education emphasizes respect for diversity and creates an environment where all students can feel included and respected. With the increased awareness of the inclusive education’s importance, policymakers need to develop and revise policies to ensure that education systems meet the needs of all students. This requires an in-depth analysis and reform of the existing education system.

This Special Issue, titled “Special and Inclusive Education: Challenges, Policy and Practice”, aims to explore the challenges faced by educators, policymakers, and practitioners in creating and implementing inclusive educational policies and practices. It seeks to bring together interdisciplinary perspectives to discuss innovative solutions and strategies that promote equity and access in educational settings. 

Dr. Wangqian Fu
Dr. Qianqian Pan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • comparative analysis of inclusive education policies across different countries
  • special education policy
  • pedagogical strategies for SEN in inclusive classrooms
  • education experience of students with SEN in inclusive settings
  • mental health of children with special education needs (SEN)
  • the role of technology in facilitating inclusive education

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 687 KiB  
Article
Online Picture Book Teaching as an Intervention to Improve Typically Developing Children’s Attitudes Toward Peers with Disabilities in General Schools
by Yuexin Zhang, Wangqian Fu and Shuheng Xiao
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15050626 - 20 May 2025
Abstract
Typically developing peers are the key factor for children with disabilities to participate in inclusive settings. Good peer relationships can improve the social communication and language expression of children with disabilities, and typically developing children play a role as “gatekeepers” in the social [...] Read more.
Typically developing peers are the key factor for children with disabilities to participate in inclusive settings. Good peer relationships can improve the social communication and language expression of children with disabilities, and typically developing children play a role as “gatekeepers” in the social activities of children with disabilities in the schools. In this study, 36 primary school students from grades 1 to 3 received online picture book teaching for 3 weeks, 6 units, 12 class hours, and 40 min per class hour with six volumes of disability picture books (including physical disability, deaf and hard of hearing, visual impairment, intellectual disability, learning disability and autism spectrum disorder) selected by experts in summer vocation. The attitudes of typically developing children toward peers with disabilities of participants were tested before and after attending the online picture book course. The teaching of disability-themed picture books online has significantly improved the attitudes of typically developing children in lower grades toward peers with disabilities. Specifically, there are significant differences in the sub-dimensions of emotion and positive behavior and negative behavior before and after the intervention. The results showed that online picture book teaching activities with disability themes can effectively improve the attitudes of typically developing children in primary schools toward children with disabilities in terms of cognition, emotion, and behavior, and they can be used in schools to create an inclusive climate for students with disabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special and Inclusive Education: Challenges, Policy and Practice)
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20 pages, 330 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Study on Enhancing Literacy Skills Through Intervention Targeting Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Working Memory, and Attentional Control
by Marta Castillo-Segura, Miguel Á. Carbonero-Martín and Luis J. Martín-Antón
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020243 - 15 Feb 2025
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Abstract
(1) Background: It is important to understand how inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and attentional control impact reading and writing skills to identify areas for intervention and create effective intervention programs. This pilot study explores the connection between these abilities and academic performance [...] Read more.
(1) Background: It is important to understand how inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and attentional control impact reading and writing skills to identify areas for intervention and create effective intervention programs. This pilot study explores the connection between these abilities and academic performance in children aged 6 to 8 using a design with control and experimental groups. (2) Methods: Both groups were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Color and Word Test, Copy Test of a Complex Figure, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2, and Literacy Analysis Test. (3) Results: The results showed significant enhancements in inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory in the experimental group, underscoring the importance of executive functioning in the proper development of literacy. However, no significant differences were observed in reading or writing skills between the two groups, although the experimental group showed improvements in the correlations of all studied variables after the intervention. (4) Conclusions: These findings indicate that improving executive functions may be essential for enhancing literacy skills in children of this age group, being important both for research and for educational practice, emphasizing the importance of including executive function when developing intervention strategies to enhance reading and writing skills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special and Inclusive Education: Challenges, Policy and Practice)
16 pages, 1675 KiB  
Article
Witnessing and Experiencing Discrimination: A Study in Spanish Adolescents
by Lorena Valdivieso-León, Alba Ayuso-Lanchares and Clara Gonzalez-Sanguino
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14121356 - 11 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 825
Abstract
Objectives: to examine the nature and context of discriminatory experiences among adolescents in Spain. Methods: A mixed study of discourse content analysis in 1000 randomly selected Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 16 years stratified by age, gender and territorial distribution. Data were analyzed [...] Read more.
Objectives: to examine the nature and context of discriminatory experiences among adolescents in Spain. Methods: A mixed study of discourse content analysis in 1000 randomly selected Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 16 years stratified by age, gender and territorial distribution. Data were analyzed to identify perpetrators, actions, and locations of discrimination. Results: Overall, 66% of adolescents reported witnessing or experiencing discrimination, primarily manifested through teasing, insults, and harassment. Peers were identified as the main perpetrators (73.9%), with schools being the primary context (69.4%) where discrimination occurs. Discrimination often lacked clear reasons (27.78%), but ethnicity (23.83%) and physical appearance (22.51%) were the most common factors, followed by gender (5.99%) or academic/ability issues (5.99%) or having an illness or developmental disorder (5.41%). Conclusions: Discrimination among adolescents is frequent, with racism and rejection of minority groups as the main causes. The findings underscore the need for interventions to address discriminatory behaviors in schools and broader society, with implications for adolescent well-being and mental health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special and Inclusive Education: Challenges, Policy and Practice)
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16 pages, 1136 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review of Inclusive Education Strategies for Students of Determination in Higher Education Institutions: Current Challenges and Future Directions
by Nidhi Oswal, Mohammad Hani Al-Kilani, Rouhi Faisal and Mohammad Fteiha
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15050518 - 22 Apr 2025
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Abstract
This systematic review critically examines the inclusive education practices for Students of Determination (SoDs) in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), focusing on the specific case of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The research will demonstrate best practices, key challenges, and most researched and less [...] Read more.
This systematic review critically examines the inclusive education practices for Students of Determination (SoDs) in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), focusing on the specific case of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The research will demonstrate best practices, key challenges, and most researched and less researched areas. In line with the PRISMA framework and using thematic analysis, this review synthesizes the findings of 41 peer-reviewed articles that focus on instructional practices, technological solutions, staff training, and institutional support. The results suggest that, globally, higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly adopting inclusive education policies, and that they are finding it challenging to implement these practices effectively, especially in the UAE. Important obstacles include restricted instructor education, variable institutional processes, and accessibility limitations. In addition, the use of assistive technologies has been shown to have positive outcomes, yet it remains underused because of the infrastructure and the training of faculty and students. This paper gives evidence-based suggestions to educational institutions like colleges or universities to make them more inclusive through better-trained faculty, better institutional policies, and the incorporation of assistive technologies. Also, the findings provide UAE-specific policy implications that underscore the importance of a well-defined national framework to support SoDs. Future studies must be longitudinal in nature, involving evaluations of the extent to which the strategies exert effects on SoDs’ academic performance and social inclusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Special and Inclusive Education: Challenges, Policy and Practice)
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