Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a wide spectrum of auto-antibodies which recognize several cellular components. The production of these self-reactive antibodies fluctuates during the course of the disease and the involvement of...
The adaptive immune system arose around 500 million years ago in jawed fish, and, since then, it has mediated the immune defense against pathogens in all vertebrates. Antibodies play a central role in the immune reaction, recognizing and attacking ex...
Tubulin isotypes are known to regulate microtubule stability and dynamics, as well as to play a role in the development of resistance to microtubule-targeted cancer drugs. Griseofulvin is known to disrupt cell microtubule dynamics and cause cell deat...
Food intolerance is delayed adverse food reactions which follow consumption of specific foods. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood, but food intolerance is often considered as a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunoglobuli...
Therapeutic antibodies have transformed the management of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer, yet most approved agents continue to rely on a limited range of IgG-based Fc scaffolds. Consequently, the broader therapeutic potential o...
29 June 2022
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect several species, including humans, and can cause severe damage to the fetus when the infection occurs during pregnancy. The environment and/or food contamination are...
The aim of the paper was to characterize rheumatoid factor IgA, IgG, and IgM isotypes in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) subsets, based on the absence or presence of joint complaints of different etiologies. In total, 164 SS patients...
Females often exhibit superior immune responses compared to males toward vaccines and pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. To help explain these differences, we first studied serum immunoglobulin isotype patterns in C57BL/6 male and fe...
βIII-tubulin is a neuronal microtubule protein that is aberrantly expressed in epithelial cancers. The microtubule network is implicated in regulating the architecture and dynamics of the mitochondrial network, although the isotype-specific role...
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections despite complete vaccination schedules. There are gaps in our understanding of the specific antibody isotypes and cytokine profiles produced during an infect...
Antibody therapy remains the only effective treatment for toxin-mediated diseases. The development of hybridoma technology has allowed the isolation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity and defined properties, and numerous mAbs have...
Tubulin proteins, as components of the microtubule cytoskeleton perform critical cellular functions throughout all phases of the cell cycle. Altered tubulin isotype composition of microtubules is emerging as a feature of aggressive and treatment refr...
IgG4 is an unusual immunoglobulin (Ig) and is the least component of IgG in humans. It is often asymmetrical and heterobivalent with weak Fc (fragment crystallizable region)-dependent effector function and ineffective complement activation, thus play...
There are three major immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in salmonid fish: IgM, IgD and IgT, defined by the heavy chains μ, δ and τ, respectively. As a result of whole genome duplication in the ancestor of the salmonid fish family, Atlantic salmon (Salmo s...
Alterations in the gut microbiota, “dysbiosis,” have been reported in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), and their animal models. Although the animal models were induced by injections of autoantigens with adjuvants, i...
Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance in Haemonchus contortus constrains sheep production worldwide. Northwestern Xinjiang is an important livestock region, yet a parallel comparison of isotype-1 β-tubulin genotypes at the three canonical BZ-resistance...
CD63, a member of the tetraspanin superfamily, is used as a marker of late endosomes and lysosome-related organelles, as well as a marker of exosomes. Here, we selected rare isotype variants of TS63 by sorting hybridoma cells on the basis of their hi...
26 August 2026
Strongyloidiasis is a neglected, potentially lifelong disease caused by Strongyloides stercoralis that can lead to a high mortality rate in immunocompromised hosts; therefore, it is necessary to increase the accuracy of infection diagnosis. In the cu...
In the evolution of the complement system, a major humoral innate immune factor, the existence of multiple isotypes of the complement components is considered as a key strategy to enhance innate immune defense. Complement C4 is also diversified in a...
Food allergies result from dysregulated immune responses to dietary antigens. IgE antibodies are key in triggering allergic reactions through binding to high-affinity receptors on mast cells and triggering mast cell activation when crosslinked by all...
We have previously produced a toolkit of antibodies, comprising recombinant human antibodies of all but one of the human isotypes, directed against the polcalcin family antigen Phl p 7. In this work, we complete the toolkit of human antibody isotypes...
Microtubules are hollow cylindrical polymers made up of tubulin. This heterodimeric protein, tubulin, exists in multiple forms: tubulin isotypes and tubulin isoforms. Distinct
Patients on haemodialysis (HD-patients) have an increased risk of premature death. Low levels of IgM antibodies against malondialdehyde (anti-MDA) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with underlying potential mechanisms...
Taxol®, an antitumor drug with significant activity, is the first microtubule stabilizing agent described in the literature. This short review of the mechanism of action of Taxol® emphasizes the research done in the Horwitz’ laboratory. It discusses...
Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been applied to predicting coronary artery disease (CAD). Our purpose was to utilize autoantibody isotypes against four different unmodified and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified peptides among Taiwanese with CAD an...
Immunity from rabies depends on rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) induced after immunization; however, the influence of antibody isotype switching has not been extensively investigated. This has become particularly relevant with changes in...
Fc-mediated effector functions of antibodies, including antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), have been shown to contribute to vaccine-induced protection from HIV-1 infection, especially those directed against non-neutralizing, CD4 inducible (CD4i)...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cleared naturally in a subset of individuals. However, the asymptomatic nature of acute HCV infection makes the study of the early immune response and defining the correlates of protection challenging. Despite this, the...
Background/Objectives: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been used to measure anti-human-papillomavirus (HPV) immunoglobulin IgG. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of ELISAs measuring different HPV immunoglobul...
Overexpression of Tau protein in breast cancer cells is identified as an indicator for potential resistance to taxane-based therapy. As reported findings have been obtained mostly from clinical studies, the undetermined underlying mechanism of such d...
Divalent metal oxidoarsenates(V) with compositions M(H2AsO4)2(H3AsO4)2 (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni), M(HAsO4)(H3AsO4)(H2O)0.5 (M = Mn, Cd) and Zn(HAsO4)(H3AsO4) were obtained from solutions containing an excess of arsenic acid. Single crystal X-ray diffracti...
Benzimidazoles resistance is widespread in strongyle parasitic nematodes and associated with polym orphisms in the codons 167, 198 and 200 of isotype 1 β-tubulin (tbb-1). In ascarids, benzimidazole (BZ) resistance has rarely been reported and in...
Background/Objectives: Bone metastasis (BM) occurs in approximately 70% of patients with advanced breast cancer (BCa) and is associated with limited treatment options and a median survival of only 19–25 months. Although microtubule (MT)-targeti...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial chronic autoimmune disease, marked by the presence of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens belonging to different isotype classes. For several years, IgE antibodies have been incriminated in the de...
Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are inversely related with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with metastatic melanoma. LDH is a key regulator of glycolysis, a pathway known to be upregulated in malignant tumors and...
Objectives: Cryoglobulinemia (CG) is marked by abnormal immunoglobulins (Ig) in serum, precipitating at temperatures below 37 °C. Current classification categorizes CG into three subtypes (types I, II, and III) based on Ig clonality. The features...
Quartz is the most frequently used piezoelectric material. Single crystals are industrially grown by the hydrothermal route under super-critical conditions (150 MPa-623 K). This paper is an overview of the hydrothermal crystal growth of the AO2 and M...
The identification of signaling pathways that are involved in gliomagenesis is crucial for targeted therapy design. In this study we assessed the biological and therapeutic effect of ingenol-3-dodecanoate (IngC) on glioma. IngC exhibited dose-time-de...
Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) are outer membrane vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria that can be used to design affordable subunit vaccines. GMMA have been observed to induce a potent humoral immune response in preclinical...
Therapeutic antibodies have shifted the paradigm of disease treatments from small molecules to biologics, especially in cancer therapy. Despite the increasing number of antibody candidates, much remains unknown about the antibody and how its various...
Despite extraordinary advances in fields of immunology and infectious diseases, vaccine development remains a challenge. The development of a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, for example, has spanned more than 50 years of research with studies of...
The live genetically-engineered oral rabies virus (RABV) variant SPBN GASGAS induces long-lasting immunity in foxes and protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of RABV field strains both after experimental oral and parenteral route...
A common biologic property of the gammaherpesviruses Epstein–Barr Virus and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus is their use of B lymphocytes as a reservoir of latency in healthy individuals that can undergo oncogenic transformation later in life. Gamma...
Background: Intrathecal IgG synthesis is a well-established hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the roles of other immunoglobulin isotypes remain under investigated. This study aimed to comprehensively profile immunoglobulin distributions in cer...
This paper surveys results related to well-known works of B. Plotkin and V. Remeslennikov on the edge of algebra, logic and geometry. We start from a brief review of the paper and motivations. The first sections deal with model theory. In the first p...
The implementation and validation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG serological assays are reported in this paper. S1 and RBD proteins were used to coat ELISA plates, and several secondary antibodies served as reporters. The assays were initially validated with...
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype in humans and anti-HLA IgA was found in sera of transplant recipients. Focusing on patients awaiting kidney re-transplantation, we tested the impact of anti-HLA-class I/II IgA antibodies on...
Natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) recognize self-antigens and are an important component of the immune system, having evolved from invertebrates to vertebrates, and are viewed as stable byproducts of immune function and essential players in health and d...
The incidence of malignant melanoma, one of the deadliest cancers, continues to increase. Here we tested connexin (Cx) expression in primary melanocytes, melanoma cell lines and in a common nevus, dysplastic nevus, and thin, thick, and metastatic mel...
Antibodies to DNA are a diverse set of antibodies that bind sites on DNA, a polymeric macromolecule that displays various conformations. In a previous study, we showed that sera of normal healthy subjects (NHS) contain IgG antibodies to Z-DNA, a left...
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