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Sjogren's Disease: Multidimensional Perspectives on Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Advancements

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 597

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xiang Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
Interests: autoimmune disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is a common autoimmune disease, typically characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and tissue destruction of the salivary and lachrymal glands, leading to dry mouth and dry eye symptoms. SjD can be further complicated by systemic inflammations, including interstitial lung diseases, kidney injuries, malignancies, etc., which are among the most high-risk systemic autoimmune diseases.

With the support of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), a multinational initiative has developed the ESSDAI (European SS Disease Activity Index) to measure systemic inflammation and organ involvement. Notably, ESSDAI includes 12 domains (constitutional, glandular, cutaneous, respiratory, renal, articular, muscular, peripheral and central nervous systems, hematological, lymphoid, and biological) to holistically assess disease activity. In this Special Issue, we invite submissions that elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic advancements of SjD. We seek original research articles that delve into genetic deposition and the molecular dynamics of disease initiation and progression, focusing on lymphocyte activation and function, glandular epithelial and endothelial cells, environmental factors (e.g., oxidative stress, cytokines, chemokines, etc.), and the functional characterization of autoantigens and autoantibody production. Studies on the clinical and translational impact are also of particular interest. Additionally, we welcome comprehensive review articles in these domains, as well as innovative research on therapeutic targets, treatment strategies, novel diagnostic methodologies, and potential biomarkers.

Dr. Xiang Lin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Sjögren's disease
  • diagnosis
  • therapeutics
  • bioinformatics
  • pre-clinical
  • cytokine
  • lymphocytes
  • autoantibodies
  • exocrine glands

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 3751 KiB  
Article
Additive Value of Rheumatoid Factor Isotypes in Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients with Joint Complaints of Different Etiologies—Can Rheumatoid Factor IgA Serve as an Early, Poor Prognostic Biomarker Candidate?
by Zsófia Aradi, Bernadett Bói, Gábor Nagy, Péter Antal-Szalmás, Kincső Mezei, Ildikó Fanny Horváth and Antónia Szántó
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4797; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104797 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 122
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to characterize rheumatoid factor IgA, IgG, and IgM isotypes in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) subsets, based on the absence or presence of joint complaints of different etiologies. In total, 164 SS patients were grouped based on [...] Read more.
The aim of the paper was to characterize rheumatoid factor IgA, IgG, and IgM isotypes in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) subsets, based on the absence or presence of joint complaints of different etiologies. In total, 164 SS patients were grouped based on whether they had polyarthritis as an extraglandular manifestation (n = 73, SS+pa), rheumatoid arthritis as an associated autoimmune disorder (n = 46, SS+RA), or Sjögren’s syndrome without inflammatory joint pain (n = 45, SS). The highest IgA rheumatoid factor isotype levels were detected in SS patients, whereas the lowest levels were found in the SS+RA group, without a significant difference. Neither IgG nor IgM RF differed significantly between the patient subclasses. In addition to other disease-specific markers, seropositive patients who were seropositive for any RF isotype were significantly more frequently anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B positive and had higher ESSDAI levels. In SS and SS+pa patients, a strong negative correlation was observed between IgA RF and age, whereas a strong positive correlation was found between IgA RF and ESSDAI, RF, IgA, IgG, anti-Ro/SS-A, and anti-La/SS-B levels. High total IgG levels together with high IgA RF levels occurred most frequently in SS patients (p = 0.05), whereas the combination of normal IgG and high IgM RF was significantly more frequent in the SS+RA group. The co-occurrence of high total IgG and normal IgM RF did not differ significantly between the patient subsets; however, this was the combination with the highest sensitivity (94.5%) for SS+pa patients. Based on our findings, rheumatoid factor isotypes have an additive value in the differentiation of non-erosive polyarthritis and erosive rheumatoid arthritis during the disease course of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. All rheumatoid factor isotypes predict a more severe disease course, but IgA RF may serve as a candidate for being an early, poor prognostic factor for SS patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sjogren's Disease: Multidimensional Perspectives on Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Advancements)
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9 pages, 514 KiB  
Case Report
Cellular Metabolic Disorders in a Cohort of Patients with Sjogren’s Disease
by Julian L. Ambrus, Alexander Jacob and Abhay A. Shukla
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4668; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104668 - 13 May 2025
Viewed by 180
Abstract
Metabolism disorders have been seen in multiple autoimmune diseases, including SLE and Sjogren’s disease. The current studies were designed to evaluate mutations in genes involved in metabolism in a cohort of patients with Sjogren’s disease, diagnosed from clinical criteria and the presence of [...] Read more.
Metabolism disorders have been seen in multiple autoimmune diseases, including SLE and Sjogren’s disease. The current studies were designed to evaluate mutations in genes involved in metabolism in a cohort of patients with Sjogren’s disease, diagnosed from clinical criteria and the presence of antibodies to salivary gland antigens. Patients were from an Immunology clinic that follows a large population of patients with autoimmune and metabolic disorders. The patients included in these studies were patients who met the criteria for Sjogren’s disease and for whom we were able to obtain genetic studies, sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA, and whole exome sequencing. There were 194 of these patients, and 192 had mutations in one or more gene involved in metabolism: 188 patients had mutations in mitochondrial respiratory chain genes, 17 patients had mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes, 10 patients had mutations in mitochondrial DLOOP regions, 6 patients had mutations involved in carnitine transport, 6 patients had mutations in genes causing mitochondrial depletion, and 7 patients had glycogen storage diseases. In all cases, the treatment of the metabolic disorder led to symptomatic improvement in energy, exercise tolerance, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and the management of infections. In conclusion, metabolic disorders are common in patients with Sjogren’s disease and may be one of the factors leading to the initiation of the disease. The treatment of patients with Sjogren’s disease should include the treatment of the underlying/associated metabolic disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sjogren's Disease: Multidimensional Perspectives on Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Advancements)
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