264 Results Found

Research into the effects of hull roughness on ship resistance and propulsion is well established, however, the effect of heterogeneous hull roughness is not yet fully understood. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were con...

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system obtains the aerodynamic roughness length (z0) from a land use (LU) lookup table. The effective aerodynamic roughness length (z0eff) was estimated for the island of Taiwan by considering the i...

This paper focuses on evaluating the roughness of heterogeneous surfaces, aiming to interpret data effectively for thorough assessment. Previous research highlights the significant impact of surface roughness on final coatings. Beam-cutting machining...

Heterogeneous nucleation of new phase clusters on a rough solid surface is studied. The ambient phase is considered to be a regular supersaturated solution. In contrast to existing studies of the same problem, the possible difference between the stat...

This work deals with investigative methods used for evaluation of the surface quality of selected metallic materials’ cutting plane that was created by CO2 and fiber laser machining. The surface quality expressed by Rz and Ra roughness parameters is...

This paper provides a review of the present status of the topic dealt with. The contact and non-contact methods used for rock joint roughness measurement are summarized including their salient features, advantages, and disadvantages. A critical revie...

Understanding solute transport in fractured rocks is of particular importance in many applications. Aperture values ranging from 4.7 to 8.7 mm and Reynolds number (Re) values at 9.38~1743.8 were set for investigating fluid flow through synthetic hori...

We examine the effect of rough surfaces on crystal nucleation by means of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Our work makes use of three-dimensional kMC models, explicit representation of transport in solution and rough surfaces modeled as randomly var...

Regarding the impact of hull roughness on ship resistance and propulsive performance, most existing studies rely heavily on numerical hulls or simplified models, while systematic analysis focusing on the heterogeneous roughness of actual ships remain...

Particle morphology is of great significance to the grain- and macro-scale behaviors of granular soils. Most existing traditional morphology descriptors have three perennial limitations, i.e., dissensus of definition, inter-scale effect, and surface...

In the present study, a computational investigation into acoustic and tribological performances in journal bearings is presented. A heterogeneous pattern, in which a rough surface is engineered in certain regions and is absent in others, is employed...

The parameterization of heat transfer based on remote sensing data, and the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) scheme to retrieve turbulent heat fluxes, already proved to be very appropriate for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) over homogeneous l...

The optical characterization of gadolinium fluoride (GdF3) films is performed in a wide spectral range using heterogeneous data-processing methods (the ellipsometric and spectrophotometric measurements for five samples with thicknesses ranging from 2...

In this paper, we consider unsaturated filtration in heterogeneous porous media with rough surface topography. The surface topography plays an important role in determining the flow process and includes multiscale features. The mathematical model is...

Au-Au surface activated bonding (SAB) using ultrathin Au films is effective for room-temperature pressureless wafer bonding. This paper reports the effect of the film thickness (15–500 nm) and surface roughness (0.3–1.6 nm) on room-temper...

The stage-discharge relationship in the Jingjiang Reach of the Yangtze River has undergone significant alterations due to post-Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) operation effects, notably bed erosion and roughness variation. This study employs a calibrate...

Vegetation influences the occurrence of saltation through various mechanisms. Most previous studies have focused on the effects of vegetation on saltation occurrence under spatially homogeneous vegetation, whereas few field studies have examined how...

In this study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the atomic ordering in the liquid aluminum (Al) adjacent to the amorphous substrate with smooth and rough surfaces. This study revealed that the liquid exhibited layering withi...

Surface roughness is a terrain parameter that has been widely applied to the study of geomorphological processes. One of the main challenges in studying roughness is its highly scale-dependent nature. Determining appropriate mapping scales in topogra...

The soil surrounding foundations is typically heterogeneous and anisotropic; however, existing studies for estimating the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations adjacent to slopes are predominantly applicable to isotropic and homogeneous soils. Thi...

The realm of wind energy is a rapidly expanding renewable energy technology. Wind farm developers need to understand the interaction between wind farms and the atmospheric flow over complex terrain. Large-eddy simulations provide valuable data for ga...

The thermal response of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic (CFRTP) tapes under short-term localized heating is critical for automated manufacturing processes. Conventional homogenized models often overlook microstructural heterogeneities that can...

The aim of the work was to quantify the surface wettability of metallic (Fe, Al, Cu, brass) surfaces covered with sprayed paints. Wettability was determined using the contact angle hysteresis approach, where dynamic contact angles (advancing ΘA...

A framework is proposed for understanding the efficacy of the microwave radiative transfer model (RTM) of soil moisture with different support scales, seasonality (time), hydroclimates, and aggregation (scaling) methods. In this paper, the sensitivit...

Accurate characterization of fracture roughness is critical for modeling groundwater flow and solute transport in fractured rock aquifers, where subsurface heterogeneity significantly impacts contaminant migration and water resource management. This...

Accurate prediction of the bearing capacity of foundations near slopes remains challenging when soils exhibit heterogeneity and anisotropy. Although numerical simulations can account for these effects with high precision, they are computationally dem...

We consider the anomalously slow dewetting of colloidal particles adsorbed at a liquid/gas interface. The particles move in the vertical direction under the action of a regular capillary force and an irregular force caused by defects (roughness and c...

Prenucleation refers to the phenomenon of substrate-induced atomic ordering in the liquid adjacent to the liquid/substrate interface at temperatures above the nucleation temperature. We investigated the effects of the physical and chemical properties...

This study examined whether varying moisture availability and roughness length for the land surface under a simulated Tropical Cyclone (TC) could affect its production of precipitation. The TC moved over the heterogeneous land surface of the southeas...

Surface roughness (SR), most often computed from a digital elevation model (DEM), is a fundamental concept in geomorphometry, with significant applications across the earth sciences and ecology. However, its analysis remains fragmented, lacking a uni...

Surface heterogeneity of minerals can significantly affect the adsorption of collectors. Petroleum sulfonate is widely used as a fluorite collector, but how the surface heterogeneity of fluorite influences the adsorption of alkyl sulfonates remains u...

The wetted area of a sessile droplet on a practical substrate is limited by the three-phase contact line and characterized by contact angle, contact radius and drop height. Although, contact angles of droplets have been studied for more than two hund...

Urban fringe is the transition zone fine grained with urban and non-urban land cover types. The complex landscape mosaic in this area challenges the land cover classification based on the remote-sensing data. Spectral signatures are not efficient to...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoindentation enables investigation of the mechanical response of biological materials at a subcellular scale. However, quantitative estimates of mechanical parameters such as the elastic modulus (E) remain unrel...

A salient feature of modern material surfaces used in cutting-edge technologies is their structural and spatial complexity, which endows them with novel properties and multifunctionality. The quantitative characterization of material complexity is a...

Superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely employed in both fundamental research and industrial applications because of their self-cleaning, waterproof, and low-adhesion qualities. Maintaining the stability of the superhydrophobic state and avoiding...

Microtopography regulates soil erosion by shaping surface heterogeneity, but the mechanism of loess slope soil loss remains insufficiently quantified. This study combined laboratory rainfall simulations and machine learning to investigate how tillage...

Low-Energy High-Current Electron Beam (LEHCEB) is an innovative vacuum technology employed for the surface modification of conductive materials. Surface treatments by means of LEHCEB allow the melting and rapid solidification of a thin layer (up to ~...

The heterogeneous fracture geometry induced by the presence of roughness and shearing complicates the fracture flow. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the non-Darcian flow characteristics of rough-walled fractures during shear processe...

After hydraulic fracturing, unconventional reservoirs frequently encounter challenges related to limited effective proppant support distance and suboptimal proppant placement. Due to the strong heterogeneity of offshore reservoirs, which causes varyi...

Composites are materials with a heterogeneous structure, composed of two or more components with different properties. The properties of composites are never the sum or average of the properties of their components. There is a lot of research and man...

This study examines the effect of oxygen concentration and sputtering power on the surface morphology of TiO2 thin films deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. Surface roughness parameters were obtained using MountainsMap® software(10.2)...

The primary aim of this study is to explore how varying flow rates impact the heat transfer in single fractures, taking into account the effects of surface roughness, aperture and external temperature of the rock. Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics, the f...

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles (SiCp/Al) are widely used in aerospace fields with excellent properties, such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and high thermal conductivity. Due to the heterogen...

To better understand the variability and heterogeneity of pore size distributions (PSDs) in the Longmaxi Shale, twelve shale samples were collected from the Xiaoxi and Fendong section, Sichuan Province, South China. Multifractal analysis was employed...

The hydro-mechanical coupling in fractures plays a significant role in fluid transport through fracture networks. However, current studies still exhibit certain limitations in the multi-parameter characterization of fracture permeability under stress...

Micro-relief heterogeneity can lead to substantial variability in microclimate and hence niche opportunities on a small scale. We explored the relationship between plant species richness and small-scale heterogeneity of micro-relief on the subtropica...

Because new zirconia materials are constantly being developed, the aim was to identify and qualitatively synthesize research on how processing and time-related factors affect the properties of high translucent (HT) zirconia intended for monolithic re...

This paper used pavement condition data collected by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) between 2001 and 2006 aggregated by U.S. states to identify macroscopic factors affecting pavement roughness in time and space. To account for prior paveme...

Waveforms of radar altimeters are often corrupted due to heterogeneous sea surface roughness within footprints, such as slicks. In past studies, subwaveform retrackers such as the adaptive leading edge subwaveform retracker (ALES) which use only a se...