Reliable visual inspection of photovoltaic modules is limited by the scarcity of diverse defect images and pixel-level annotations. This study proposes a defect-specific RGB image synthesis framework combining local feature disentanglement and physic...
Semiconductors continue to shrink in die size because of benefits like cost savings, lower power consumption, and improved performance. However, this reduction leads to more defects due to increased inter-cell interference. Among the various defect t...
Aiming at the problems of uneven light reflectivity on the spherical surface and high similarity between the stems/calyxes and scars that exist in the detection of surface defects in apples, this paper proposed a defect detection method based on imag...
To address the challenges of low localization accuracy for insulator defects in complex inspection scenarios and excessive model redundancy that hinders edge deployment, this paper proposes FS-YOLO, a lightweight defect detection algorithm. First, a...
Defects in photovoltaic (PV) modules, including hotspots, shading, and diode failures, significantly reduce power-generation efficiency and pose safety risks. This study proposes a real-time detection and localisation framework for PV defects based o...
Consumer dissatisfaction and damage are increasing worldwide due to the increase in defects caused by the decline in housing quality, and disputes over housing defects are expanding. The number of housing units, a representative standard related to h...
Pre-trained code models are increasingly used in software engineering, yet their incremental value beyond traditional software metrics for future-version class-level defect prediction remains unclear. This study evaluates CodeBERT, GraphCodeBERT, and...
The effect of deep-level defects is a key issue for the applications of CdZnTe high-flux photon counting devices of X-ray irradiations. However, the major trap energy levels and their quantitive relationship with the device’s performance are no...
Various defects are formed on the workpiece surface during the production process. Workpiece surface defects are classified according to various characteristics, which includes a bumped surface, scratched surface and pit surface. Suppliers analyze th...
Metal magnetic memory (MMM) is a nondestructive testing technology based on the magnetomechanical effect, which is widely used in the qualitative detection of stress concentration zones for welded joints. However, there is inevitable residual stress...
Introduction: Nurses and midwives caring for newborns with lethal defects experience significant emotional stress. Understanding coping strategies and the factors influencing stress is crucial for improving their well-being and ensuring high-quality...
This study aimed at assessing the clinical outcomes of the Single Flap Approach (SFA) with the additional use of Low-level laser therapy (LLLT). The defects were treated as per the principles of SFA, whereby 20 defects received only SFA (control grou...
Raw meteorological satellite images often suffer from defects such as noise points and lines due to atmospheric interference and instrument errors. Current solutions typically rely on manual visual inspection to identify these defects. However, manua...
This paper presents a robust method for defect detection in textures, entropy-based automatic selection of the wavelet decomposition level (EADL), based on a wavelet reconstruction scheme, for detecting defects in a wide variety of structural and sta...
The increasing market demand for high-power and high-frequency applications necessitates the development of highly reliable Gallium Nitride (GaN) High-Electron-Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). While GaN offers superior performance and efficiency over tr...
It is popular to use software defect prediction (SDP) techniques to predict bugs in software in the past 20 years. Before conducting software testing (ST), the result of SDP assists on resource allocation for ST. However, DP usually works on fine-lev...
Reliable in-situ defect classification is essential for ensuring the mechanical performance of parts produced by material extrusion. However, machine learning and deep learning models often suffer from poor generalization because training datasets ty...
Steel surface defect segmentation is a critical task in industrial visual inspection, with direct implications for quality assessment, process control, and in-service safety. However, complex steel-surface images often contain strong background textu...
Automated pixel-level detection of steel surface defects is a critical challenge in manufacturing quality control, complicated by the variation in defect size and shape, low contrast with background textures, and the diversity of defect patterns. Thi...
This research contributes an intelligent cloud-based software defect prediction system using data and decision-level machine learning fusion techniques. The proposed system detects the defective modules using a two-step prediction method. In the firs...
Cracks and dents in concrete structures are core defects that threaten building safety, but the existing YOLO series algorithms face a huge bottleneck in complex engineering scenarios. Tiny cracks are susceptible to background texture interference, l...
In this work, we described the variations in the defect energy levels of four different ZnO morphologies, namely nanoribbons, nanorods, nanoparticles, and nanoshuttles. All the ZnO morphologies were grown on a seeded 4% Boron-doped p-type silicon (p-...
Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is a conventional non-destructive testing process for railway bearing rings that still needs to be completed manually. Due to the complexity of bearing ring surfaces in inspection, automatic detection fo...
The growth of clostridial spores during ripening leads to late blowing (LB), which is the main cause of spoilage in Grana Padano Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese and other hard, long-ripened cheeses such as Provolone, Comté, and si...
Automatic defect detection is an important and challenging issue in the tire industrial quality control. As is well known, the production quality of tire is directly related to the vehicle running safety and passenger security. However, it is difficu...
The dependence of electronic products on printed circuit boards (PCBs) is increasing. In recent years, PCB defect detection technology has achieved considerable results, but the defect targets are small, the background is complex, and there are many...
In this study, we investigate the influence of the halogen elements bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl) on iodine defect properties primarily in FAPbI3 through first-principles calculations, aiming to understand the effect of high defect densities on the...
With the development of the semiconductor manufacturing process towards miniaturization and high integration, the detection of microscopic defects on wafer surfaces faces the challenge of balancing precision and efficiency. Therefore, this study prop...
The inspection of minuscule insulator defects from high-resolution (HR) UAV imagery presents a significant algorithmic challenge. The severe scale mismatch between HR images and low-resolution model inputs often leads to feature distortion for sparse...
The antimony sulphide (AnS) solar cell is a relatively new photovoltaic technology. Because of its attractive material, optical, and electrical qualities, Sb2Se3 is an excellent absorption layer in solar cells, with a conversion efficiency of less th...
The process of handling and bonding copper (Cu) and graphene inevitably creates defects. To use graphene/Cu composites as electronic devices with new physical properties, it is essential to evaluate the effect of such defects. Since graphene is an ul...
In order to solve the problem of accurate and efficient detection of welding defects in the process of batch welding of metal parts, an improved Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) algorithm was proposed to build an automatic identification model of w...
Although perovskite solar cells have achieved excellent photoelectric conversion efficiencies, there are still some shortcomings, such as defects inside and at the interface as well as energy level dislocation, which may lead to non-radiative recombi...
Steel surface defect detection is a key component of industrial quality control. Existing deep learning methods mostly rely on single-backbone networks to extract high-level semantic features from raw images, yet fail to explicitly analyze low-level...
Inevitably there will be various types of fabric defect exists in textile production line. In order to distinguish and classify the types of defects more efficiently and accurately, an algorithm which combines Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Gray-lev...
Research on the rectangle packing problems has mainly focused on rectangular raw material sheets without defects, while natural slate has irregular and defective characteristics, and the existing packing method adopts manual packing, which wastes mat...
This paper presents a theoretical study of the electronic and dynamic properties of silicon vacancies and self-interstitials in 4H–SiC using hybrid density functional methods. Several pending issues, mostly related to the thermal stability of this de...
Iron impurities are believed to act as deep acceptors that can compensate for the n-type conductivity in as-grown Ga2O3, but several scientific issues, such as the site occupation of the Fe heteroatom and the complexes of Fe-doped β-Ga2O3 with n...
Density-functional theory calculations on P-rich InP(001):H surfaces are presented. Depending on temperature, pressure and substrate doping, hydrogen desorption or adsorption will occur and influence the surface electronic properties. For p-doped sam...
This study investigated the influence of chemical reagent selection on the properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method to control the intensities of near-band-edge (NBE) and defect-related deep-level (...
Nitrogen is commonly implanted in silicon to suppress the diffusion of self-interstitials and the formation of voids through the creation of nitrogen–vacancy complexes and nitrogen–nitrogen pairs. Yet, identifying a specific N-related def...
A new feature extraction technique called DNST-GLCM-KSR (discrete non-separable shearlet transform-gray-level co-occurrence matrix-kernel spectral regression) is presented according to the direction and texture information of surface defects of conti...
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently attracting a great deal of attention for their excellent photovoltaic properties, with a maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5%, comparable to that of silicon-based solar cells. However,...
Aiming at the line defect detection of a flexible integrated circuit substrate (FICS) without reference template, there are some problems such as line discontinuity or inaccurate line defect location in the detection results. In order to address thes...
Hexagonal BN (h-BN) has emerged as an important ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor (Eg~6 eV). The crystal growth technologies for producing semi-bulk crystals/epilayers in large wafer sizes and understanding of defect properties lag decades behin...
Exact evaluation of the degradation levels in bearing defects is one of the most essential works in bearing condition monitoring. This paper proposed an efficient evaluation method using a deep neural network (DNN) for correct prediction of degradati...
In this work, we systematically investigated the Nx bonding defects that induced high photoluminescence internal quantum efficiencies (PL IQEs) and very fast radiative recombination processes in amorphous silicon oxynitride (a-SiNxOy) systems. The lu...
Background: Several studies have reported conflicting results on the association between maternal exposure to folic acid (FA) and/or multivitamin (MV) supplements and the risk of birth defects (BDs), especially for different subtypes of BDs. The pres...
Accurate pavement distress identification is essential for infrastructure maintenance. However, prevailing models frequently underperform in complicated environments due to extreme scale variations, atypical defect geometries, and severe background n...
Deep defects in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe heterostructure photodiode were measured via deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and photoluminescence (PL). The n+-P+-π-N+ photodiode structure was grown by following the metal–organ...
of 101