A bainite/martensite multiphase rail is treated by the controlled-cooling process with different finish-cooling temperatures. The simulated temperature–time curves of the position of 5 mm and 15 mm below the rail tread (P5 and P15) express diff...
The paper presents the method and results of determination of heat transfer coefficient for air-atomized water spray cooling with consideration of infrastructural factors of industrial cooling conveyor, such as effect of accelerated air. The establis...
To verify the mathematical model of the water-jet cooling of steel plates developed by the authors, previously performed experimental studies of the temperature of the test plates in a roller-quenching machine (RQM) were used. The calculated temperat...
Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams for two thermo-mechanically controlled processed (TMCP) steels were produced using a modified Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model, which accounted for the simultaneous transfo...
Friction stir processing (FSP) stands as an effective approach designed for grain refinement and site-specific microstructural modification. The evolving microstructure during FSP is determined by various variables out of which rate of sample cooling...
This paper aims to present efficient efforts to optimize the proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller of clinker cooling in grate coolers, which have a fixed grate and at least two moving ones. The process model contains three transfer fun...
Reliability of liquid rocket engines is strictly connected with the successful operation of cooling jackets, able to sustain the impressive operative conditions in terms of huge thermal and mechanical loads, generated in thrust chambers. Cryogenic fu...
The secondary cooling water system is difficult to control because of loop coupling, thermal inertia, and strict actuator constraints. In addition, when conventional proximal policy optimization (PPO) uses Gaussian action sampling with clipping, the...
Ti-bearing microalloyed steel plates with a thickness of 40 mm were subjected to ultra-fast cooling (UFC) and traditional accelerate cooling after hot-rolling, aiming to investigate the effect of cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical prop...
This study presents the results of investigations into a new low-alloyed steel grade CT80 designed for coiled tubing (CT) with increased cold resistance requirements. Based on data concerning the structural-phase transformations of overcooled austeni...
Controlling particle size is essential for crystal quality in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Several articles illustrate the potential of ultrasound to tune this particle size during the crystallization process. This paper investigates how...
Obtaining high levels of mechanical properties in steels is directly linked to the use of special mechanical forming processes and the addition of alloying elements during their manufacture. This work presents a study of a hot-rolled steel strip prod...
This study optimised the thermal performance of an air-cooled weapon turret control computer used in military missions by integrating experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods. To address thermal localisation and heat accumulation in high...
This study aimed to develop a control algorithm that can operate a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) cooling system with optimal set-points for the system variables. An artificial neural network (ANN) model, which was designed to predict the cooling en...
Cooling water, a crucial component of the central air conditioning setup, exerts a relatively minor direct impact on the thermal comfort of building indoor environments while it has a great effect on the system’s energy efficiency. Numerous stu...
Against the backdrop of climate policy goals and the EU’s aim for a resource-efficient economy, the foundry industry must rethink product range, energy consumption, and production technologies. Light metal casting, which is performed through pr...
The shape and convexity are crucial quality assessment indicators for hot-rolled electrical steel strips. Besides bending rolls, shifting rolls, and the original roll profile, the thermal roll profile also plays a significant role in controlling the...
Heat treatment, particularly solution heat treatment, is a critical process in the preparation of powder metallurgy superalloys, where the cooling process significantly impacts the microstructure. This study, based on thermodynamic and kinetic databa...
In metal additive manufacturing without interlayer cooling, the macro-size of the layer itself is difficult to control due to the thermal storage effect. The effect of interlayer cooling was studied by cladding Ni-based coatings on the substrate of d...
The production process of hot-rolled seamless steel tubes often needs secondary heating for tempering treatment, resulting in high energy consumption and low production efficiency. Controlled cooling technology has been introduced into the production...
This work presents an investigation of two cooling systems used in additive friction stir depositions (AFSD) and the related effect on process temperature, feed material, and life of processing equipment. A new AFSD cooling system, Mazak MegaStir Liq...
Commercial solutions in the area of data center cooling available on the market are universal solutions that use dedicated control methods and are to able function properly in a wide range of working conditions. The functional limitations resulting i...
Cooling water towers are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications. Industrial sites frequently have harsh environments, with certain characteristics such as poor air quality, close proximity to the ocean, large quantities of dust, or w...
In this paper, the effect of the heat-pipe cooling system design processes on the reliability of the power module in a railway propulsion inverter was investigated. The existing design processes for the heat-pipe cooling system guarantee that the jun...
The power unit generates heat during the operation of a ship, and excessive temperature may cause damage to equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to design a cooling system for the multi-working conditions and variable working conditions of a ship to...
The engine cooling system must be able to match up with the stable operating conditions so as to guarantee the engine performance. On the working cycle level, however, the dynamic thermo-state of engines has not been considered in the cooling strateg...
When the temperature rise and fall rates of a large-scale aqueduct with traditional water-cooling technology exceeds the standard, it is difficult to avoid the temperature change of aqueduct concrete deviating from its control curve in the process of...
A digital-twin-model-based optimal control system is presented for the steel continuous casting process. The system is designed for the coordinated optimization and dynamic control of secondary cooling and final electromagnetic stirring (FEMS), and i...
In this study, a deep bed cooling drying model based on non-equilibrium model was established for pellet feed. The modified Verma model was used to describe the thin-layer drying rate, and the air temperature coefficient was introduced to optimize th...
The influence of oxygen vacancy behaviors during a cooling process in semiconductor gas sensors is discussed by the numerical analysis method based on the gradient-distributed oxygen vacancy model. A diffusion equation is established to describe the...
Post-harvest pre-cooling of water bamboo shoots (WBS) [Zizania latifolia] can effectively delay its quality deterioration. Six types of pre-cooling treatments were used to pre-cooling post-harvest WBS, including cold slightly acidic electrolytic wate...
A gas turbine cooling system is a typical multivariable, strongly coupled, nonlinear system; however, the randomness and large disturbances make it difficult to control the variables precisely. In order to solve the problem of precise process control...
This study focuses on applying intelligent modeling methods to different injection molding process parameters, to analyze the influence of temperature distribution and warpage on the actual development of auto locks. It explores the auto locks using...
Heat treatment is a thermal-processing method involving controlled heating and cooling cycles designed to achieve the desired properties of materials. Among these steps, the cooling rate in heat treatment plays a crucial role, as it significantly inf...
Arch–gravity dams feature both arch action and large concrete volume, yet targeted research on temperature control and crack prevention for this type remains insufficient. To address this, a Two-Parameter Decision Chart Method for predicting al...
The paper presents designing thermomechanical processing routes for medium-carbon boron-bearing microalloyed steel and investigates their effect on microstructure–property characteristics obtained through controlled cooling directly from hot fo...
The optimization of the operation strategy for building HVAC systems is the key to achieving energy conservation and consumption reduction in air-conditioning systems. This study proposes an online real-time control strategy for the air-conditioning...
Pre-cooling of inlet air using evaporative cooling is an effective approach to enhance the performance of air-cooled condensers in air conditioning applications. Ultrasonic mist generators have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional evapo...
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of automated high performance in situ microscopy (HPM) for monitoring and direct nucleation control (DNC) during cooling crystallization. Compared to other techniques, HPM enables the detection of smal...
In this study, the control of a desiccant-wheel-based evaporative cooling system with a double-layer dew-point cooler system is emphasized. There are two dew-point evaporative coolers in the system and the air taken inside is subjected to pre- and po...
Nowadays, every large enterprise is concerned about reducing CO2 emissions. Along with legislation, management, packaging, and transportation decisions, optimising the operation of automated systems in the industry is important. Overheating processes...
The uniform temperature distribution on the surface of the electromagnetic control roll (ECR) has a great impact on the quality of the strip; therefore, temperature control is essential. In order to study this issue, a two-dimensional volume of fluid...
This study applied a holistic approach to the problem of controlling the temperature of critical areas of tools using conformal cooling. The entire injection molding process is evaluated at the tool design stage using four criteria, one from each sta...
The pre-cooling of a large LNG storage tank involves complex phenomena such as heat transfer, low-temperature flow, gas displacement, and vaporization. The whole pre-cooling process could take up to 50 h. For large-scale, full-capacity storage tanks,...
Ferrite grain size strengthening makes the predominant contribution to the overall strength of ferrite–pearlite structural hollow section steel grades. A fine ferrite grain size is achieved through a two-stage controlled cooling process. First,...
The biggest challenge in semisolid processing of high-performance aluminum alloys is the narrow temperature processing windows of these alloys, and as a result, the preparation of qualified semisolid slurries is very important. High solid fraction sl...
Sliding mode control (SMC) is widely recognized for its robustness against modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. However, asymmetric actuator dynamics, excessive switching activity, and the absence of active cooling challenge its applicat...
Regeneratively cooled scramjets are successfully used as propulsion devices in hypersonic vehicles. During operation, scramjets experience acceleration. This special process causes a dynamic flow process, and heat transfer in the cooling channel comm...
Volatile markets and increasing demands for quality and fast availability of specialty chemical products have motivated the rise of small-scale, integrated, and modular continuous processing plants. As a significant unit operation used for product is...
Titanium-extracted tailing is a by-product generated during titanium-bearing blast furnace slag treatment process. The crystallization behavior of the titanium-extracted tailing during the cooling process is significant to its utilization for glass c...
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