Rice is a major food crop that produces abundant biomass wastes for biofuels. To improve rice biomass and yield, nitrogen (N) fertilizer is excessively used, which is not eco-friendly. Alternatively, biochar (B) application is favored to improve rice...
Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is a clinical disorder with unknown pathogenesis with an incidence between 0.03% and 1% in women affected by cutaneous/scar endometriosis. We investigated the pathological, molecular cytogenetic and cell proliferati...
In drylands, microalgae dwelling in the biocrust are inevitably confronted with nitrogen deficiency and desiccation stress, despite the protection afforded by the soil biological complex. However, the environmental adaptive features and mechanisms of...
We have previously identified Candida albicans GPH1 (orf19.7021) whose protein product was associated with C. albicans Cdc4. The GPH1 gene is a putative glycogen phosphorylase because its Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog participates in glycogen cata...
This study investigated microstructural, optical, and thermal changes in spruce wood (Picea abies) exposed to controlled laboratory heating to identify indicators associated with the transition from progressive thermal degradation to the initial char...
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Brachypodium distachyon is an established model for drought tolerance. We previously identified accessions exhibiting high tolerance, susceptibility and intermediate tolerance to drought; respectively, ABR8, KOZ1 and ABR4. Transcriptomics and metabol...
The annual temperate grass Brachypodium distachyon has become a model system for monocot biomass crops and for understanding lignocellulosic recalcitrance to employ better saccharification and fermentation approaches. It is a monocot plant used to st...
Heat stress has a significant negative impact on plant growth, development, and yield. The cell wall, a key structural feature that sets plants apart from animals, not only acts as the first physical barrier against heat stress but also plays an acti...
Penium margaritaceum is a new and valuable unicellular model organism for studying plant cell wall structure and developmental dynamics. This charophyte has a cell wall composition remarkably similar to the primary cell wall of many higher plants and...
Primary lung cancer manifesting as a thin-walled solitary cavity, occurs relatively infrequently. The most common histologic type presenting such a pattern is squamous cell cancer, followed by adenocarcinoma, and finally—large cell cancer. Cavitation...
Plant cell walls are largely composed of polysaccharide polymers, including cellulose, hemicelluloses (xyloglucan, xylan, mannan, and mixed-linkage β-1,3/1,4-glucan), and pectins. Among these cell wall polysaccharides, xyloglucan, xylan, mannan,...
The chemical composition of the cell wall varies between species and even within the same species, and impacts the properties of the cell wall. In this study, the dynamic chemical compositions of the xylem cell walls of two black poplar cultivars, Po...
The majority of organs in plants are not established until after germination, when pluripotent stem cells in the growing apices give rise to daughter cells that proliferate and subsequently differentiate into new tissues and organ primordia. This rem...
Anticlinal ordinary epidermal cell wall waviness is a widespread feature found in the leaves of a variety of land plant species. However, it has not yet been encountered in leaves with multiple epidermides. Surprisingly, in Magnolia grandiflora leave...
Different components of the symbiotic interface play an important role in providing positional information during rhizobial infection and nodule development: successive changes in cell morphology correspond to subsequent changes in the molecular arch...
The ordinary epidermal cells of various vascular plants are characterized by wavy anticlinal wall contours. This feature has not yet been reported in multicellular algal species. Here, we found that, in the leaf-like blades of the brown alga Sargassu...
The Qitai silicified wood from Xinjiang, NW China, provides an exceptional archive for investigating the mechanisms of wood silicification. This study applies microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterize...
In this paper, sorghum and reed, which possess light stem structures in nature, were selected as biomimetic prototypes. Based on their mechanical stability characteristics—the porous structure at the node feature and the porous feature in the o...
A cobalt-free equiatomic CrFeNiMn multicomponent alloy was fabricated from gas-atomized powder using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), also known as selective laser melting (SLM). The as-built specimens had a single face-centered cubic (FCC) structure...
The distribution of highly de-esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) in dividing protodermal cells of the monocotyledon Zea mays, the dicotyledon Vigna sinensis, and the fern Asplenium nidus was investigated in order to examine whether the cell wall regi...
Firmness is an important quality indicator of blueberries. Firmness loss (or softening) of postharvest blueberries has posed a challenge in its shelf-life quality control and can be delineated with its microstructural changes. To investigate spatial...
Stone (hardened endocarp) has a very important role in the continuity of plant life. Nature has gifted plants with various seed protection and dispersal strategies. Stone-fruit-bearing species have evolved a unique adaptation in which the seed is enc...
Plasma membrane (PM) lipid composition and domain organization are modulated by polarized exocytosis. Conversely, targeting of secretory vesicles at specific domains in the PM is carried out by exocyst complexes, which contain EXO70 subunits that pla...
A special feature found in Amaryllidaceae is that some guard cells of the neighboring stomata form a “connection strand” between their dorsal cell walls. In the present work, this strand was studied in terms of both its composition and it...
Fungal cell walls, composed of polysaccharides and proteins, play critical roles in adaptation, cell division, and protection against environmental stress. Their polyglucan components are continuously remodeled by various types of glycosyl hydrolases...
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a class of heavily glycosylated proteins occurring as a structural element of the cell wall-plasma membrane continuum. The features of AGPs described earlier suggest that the proteins may be implicated in plant ada...
Modifications in cell wall composition, which can be accompanied by changes in its structure, were already reported during plant interactions with other organisms, such as the mycorrhizal fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are among the most wi...
With a high potential to generate biomass, maize stover arises as an outstanding feedstock for biofuel production. Maize stover presents the added advantage of being a multiple exploitation of the crop as a source of food, feed, and energy. In this s...
This paper investigates the axial deformation characteristics and crashworthiness of thin-walled metal tubes (TWT) reinforced with Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) honeycomb lattice structures consisting of bio-inspired hierarchical cellular topological...
The cell wall is a crucial feature that allows ancestral streptophyte green algae to colonize land. Expansin, an extracellular protein that mediates cell wall loosening in a pH-dependent manner, could be a powerful tool for studying cell wall evoluti...
Meloidogyne incognita is a root knot nematode (RKN) species which is among the most notoriously unmanageable crop pests with a wide host range. It inhabits plants and induces unique feeding site structures within host roots, known as giant cells (GCs...
Plant xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases or xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XET; EC 2.4.1.207) catalogued in the glycoside hydrolase family 16 constitute cell wall-modifying enzymes that play a fundamental role in the cell wall expansion and re-...
Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) platforms are microfluidic systems that recreate key features of human organ physiology in vitro via controlled perfusion. Fluid mechanical stimuli strongly influence cell morphology and function, making this important for cardi...
The cell wall of Candida yeast grown on presence of hexadecane as a sole carbon source undergoes structural and functional changes including the formation of specific supramolecular complexes—canals. The canals contain specific polysaccharides...
One of the most striking features occurring in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita induced galls is the reorganization of the vascular tissues. During the interaction of the model tree species Populus and M. incognita, a pronounced xylem pro...
For wood and forest products to reach their full potential as structural materials, experimental techniques are needed to measure mechanical properties across all length scales. Nanoindentation is uniquely suited to probe in situ mechanical propertie...
Gibberellin (GA)-based seedless cultivation is widely used in the skin-edible interspecific table grape (Vitis labruscana × Vitis vinifera) ‘Shine Muscat’, yet when and how GA treatment reshapes fracture-type texture during berry de...
Recruitment of mural cells to the vascular wall is essential for forming the vasculature as well as maintaining proper vascular functions. In recent years, zebrafish genetic tools for mural cell biology have improved substantially. Fluorescently labe...
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is described as a gradual and localized permanent expansion of the aorta resulting from the weakening of the vascular wall. The key aspects of AAA’s progression are high proteolysis of the structural elements...
Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacte...
Research Highlights: This study emphasized the importance of multi-parameter analyses along ecological gradients for a more holistic understanding of the complex mechanism of tree-ring formation. Background and Objectives: The analysis of climatic si...
Postharvest modifications in cell wall metabolism as affected by storage temperature were assessed in two Prunus persica cultivars (‘Rich Lady’ peach and ‘Big Top’ nectarine). Commercially mature fruit were stored for up to 5...
The thalloid liverwort Marchantia polymorpha as a member of a basal land plant lineage has to cope with the challenge of terrestrial life. Obviously, the plant cell wall has been strongly involved in the outstanding evolutionary process of water-to-l...
This paper discusses specific features of the interactions of small-diameter liposomes with the cytoplasmic membrane of endothelial cells using in silico methods. The movement pattern of the liposomal drug delivery system was modeled in accordance wi...
Metallic foams have drawn increasing attention in applications ranging from lightweight structures to energy absorption devices. Mechanical properties of metallic foams depend on both their microstructure and cellular structure. In situ Al-4.5%Cu-xTi...
Nanocomposite foam with a large expansion ratio and thin cell walls is promising for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, due to the low electromagnetic (EM) reflection and high EM absorption. To overcome the dimensional limitation...
Stalk lodging contributes to significant crop yield losses. Therefore, understanding the biomechanical strength and structural rigidity of grain stalks can contribute to improving stalk lodging resistance in crops. From the structural constituents of...
Introduction: Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) has been reported to form lung cysts at a relatively high rate. However, the radiological and pathological features of cystic formation in MCD are unclear. Methods: To clarify these questi...
Lactic acid bacteria exhibit high adaptability to their environment due to their wide variety of enzymes. Despite extensive knowledge of bacterial cell walls, the subcellular localization of β-galactosidase in many probiotic lactic acid bacteria...
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