Polyhedral cages (or p-cages) are a generalisation of the polyhedron surface: they are objects in three-dimensional space consisting of planar polygons attached along shared edges but allowed to have holes and thus edges not shared by two polygons. T...
Following the experimental discovery of several nearly symmetric protein cages, we define the concept of homogeneous symmetric congruent equivalent near-miss polyhedral cages made out of P-gons. We use group theory to parameterize the possible config...
A well-defined virus-like cage hybrid (VCH) with 24 covalent organic cages (COCs) attached to one metal organic cage (MOC) is presented here. The quantitative assembly of VCH was completed through coordination between soluble anisotropic COC bearing...
The field of molecular cages has attracted increasing interest in relation to the development of biological applications, as evidenced by the remarkable examples published in recent years. Two key factors have contributed to this achievement: First,...
Following the discovery of an artificial protein cage with a paradoxical geometry, we extend the concept of homogeneous symmetric congruent equivalent near-miss polyhedral cages, for which all the faces are equivalent, and define bi-homogeneous symme...
Polyhedral cages (p-cages) describe the geometry of some families of artificial protein cages. We identify the p-cages made out of families of equivalent polygonal faces such that the faces of one family have five neighbors and
Owing to a stable and porous cage structure, natural gas hydrates can store abundant methane and serve as a potentially natural gas resource. However, the microscopic mechanism of how hydrate crystalline grows has not been fully explored, especially...
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used as target delivery vehicles for therapeutic goods; however, compared with inorganic and organic nanomaterials, protein nanomaterials have better biocompatibility and can self-assemble into highly ordered cage...
Molecular cages have promising host–guest properties for drug delivery applications. Specifically, guest⊂cage complexes can be used for the on-command release of encapsulated guest molecules in response to specific stimuli. This research ex...
Superphane, i.e., [2.2.2.2.2.2](1,2,3,4,5,6)cyclophane, is a very convenient molecule in studying the nature of guest⋯host interactions in endohedral complexes. Nevertheless, the presence of as many as six ethylene bridges in the superphane mol...
New synthetic routes are presented to derivatives of a (known) M8L12 cubic coordination cage in which a range of different substituents are attached at the C4 position of the pyridyl rings at either end of the bis(pyrazolyl-pyridine) bridging ligands...
Polyhedral cages (p-cages) provide a good description of the geometry of some families of artificial protein cages. In this paper we identify p-cages made out of two families of equivalent polygonal faces/protein rings, where each face has at least f...
In the case of double row tapered roller bearings, the windows found in bearing cages could be obtained using various machining methods. Some such machining methods are based on the cold forming process. There are many factors that are able to affect...
Lumbar fusion surgery for treating degenerative spinal diseases has undergone significant advancements in recent years. In addition to posterior instrumentation, anterior interbody fusion techniques have been developed along with various cages for in...
Supramolecular metal–organic cages, a class of molecular containers formed via coordination-driven self-assembly, have attracted sustained attention for their applications in catalysis, due to their structural aesthetics and unique properties....
Polyhedral cages (p-cages) are Euclidean geometric structures corresponding to polyhedra with holes. They are a good example of the geometry of some artificial protein cages. In this paper we identify p-cages made out of two families of equivalent po...
Several aspects must be considered in the design of rolling bearing cages. One of the most important considerations relates to studying and developing a stationary approach for solving problems of heat and mass transfer during convection. In this con...
In most areas of the world, broiler chickens are raised in floor systems, but cage confinement is becoming more common. The welfare of broiler chickens in cages is affected by movement restriction, poor bone strength due to lack of exercise, and prev...
Lightweight UAVs increasingly operate in constrained environments, where even minor collisions can damage exposed propellers, arms, sensors, or embedded components. Designing protective cages for such platforms requires more than adding an external s...
This study presents an inherent buckling issue of SPM (Single Point Mooring) systems for open sea aquaculture and a design method to analyze and solve this issue. The SPM arrangement of a row of cages is very efficient, as it minimizes the anchoring...
To address the highly demanding assessment of the quantity of fish in cages, a method for estimating the fish quantity in cages based on image sonar is proposed. In this method, forward-looking image sonar is employed for continuous detection in cage...
Forming pyridine salts to construct covalent organic cages is an effective strategy for constructing covalent cage compounds. Covalent organic cages based on pyridine salt structures are prone to form water-soluble supramolecular compounds. Herein, w...
Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion (ACDF) may be performed with different kinds of stand-alone cages. Tantalum and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) are two of the most commonly used materials in this procedure. Few comparisons b...
Spinal fusion (SF) comprises surgical procedures for several pathologies that affect different spinal levels, and different cages are employed in SF surgery. Few clinical studies highlight the role of cages in complications beyond the outcomes. The a...
When a high-speed rolling bearing cage comes into contact with rollers, it experiences random movement due to friction and collision, which significantly impacts the overall performance of the bearing. To further investigate the motion law of cages,...
Beach-nesting birds (plovers; Aves; Charadridae) are impacted by many natural and human-induced threats (e.g., people trampling, dogs, and natural predators). In this regard, the use of anti-predator cages on their nests is effective in order to miti...
More contemporary options have been presented in the last few years as surgical methods and materials have improved in patients with degenerative spine illnesses. The use of biologically integrated titanium cages of a unique design based on computer...
In Japan, the marine aquaculture net cage has an important role in farming pacific bluefin tuna farming in oceans, and the design of the net cage needs to ensure robustness against hostile oceanic conditions. Accordingly, this study focuses on the dr...
A conjugated helical cage, comprising two 1,3,5-tris(phenylethynyl)benzene units connected by diyne linkers, was successfully synthesized. X-ray crystallography revealed helical molecular structures with large twisted angles and a 1:1 mixture of P- a...
The occurrence of wounds in different anatomical regions, such as tail tip lesions, is an important welfare concern in farmed mink. This study investigated whether mechanical factors attributed to cage design in multilevel cages may be involved in th...
Sources of renewable energy have attracted considerable attention. Their expanded use will have a substantial impact on both the cost of energy production and climate change. Solar energy is one efficient and safe option; however, solar energy harves...
Background/Objectives: Interbody fusion cages provide both structural support and a biologically favorable environment for osseointegration. Through recent decades, cage design and biomaterial selection have evolved to more adapted implants in differ...
In recent years, the application of 3D-printed implant cages or trusses for foot arthrodesis has emerged as a personalized approach to address complex bone defects and deformities. Twenty studies involving different regions of the foot, such as the a...
During the last two decades, metal-organic cages (MOCs) have been extensively investigated and well documented. Meanwhile, phosphorescent MOCs have emerged as a kind of new MOC material but have not been given much attention. The diversity of their s...
Flexible cages are widely used in marine aquaculture, yet their mechanical features in extreme seas are still unclear. This study proposes a numerical algorithm to solve the coupled response of the multiple cage systems. The net and mooring lines are...
Intervertebral fusion surgery for spinal trauma, degeneration, and deformity correction is a major vertebral reconstruction operation. For most cages, the stiffness of the cage is high enough to cause stress concentration, leading to a stress shieldi...
Laying hens in the UK and EU must be provided with litter for pecking and scratching. In enriched cages, this is commonly provided by dispensing layer’s feed onto a scratch mat. Mats vary in design and size, which might affect hen behaviour and egg q...
There is growing interest in keeping meat chickens in modern colony cages (CCs) rather than conventional litter-floor barns. Suggested welfare improvements for chickens in such systems include reduced bodily lesions due to lower contact with flooring...
Rebar cages are the skeletons of reinforced concrete structures. These temporary structures consist of longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars connected by tie-wires. Given the relatively low strength of tie-wire connections, replacing tie-wires...
In order to accurately estimate the distribution of Trachinotus ovatus in marine cages, a novel method was developed using omnidirectional scanning sonar and deep-learning techniques. This method involved differentiating water layers and clustering d...
To mitigate the challenges of excessive tilting angles and the risk of overturning during the submersion and ascent of the net cage, this study developed an automatic control and management system for submersible net cages. The system employs proport...
A comprehensive kinetics degradation study is carried out on novel multiple cages polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)/polystyrene (PS) composites at 5% (w/w) of POSS to assess their thermal behavior with respect to the control PS and other si...
Due to the limitations of farming space, fish cage aquaculture is gradually expanding into offshore deep-sea areas, where the environmental conditions surrounding deep-sea fish cages are more complex and harsher compared to those in shallower offshor...
Background: Improving experimental conditions in preclinical animal research is a major challenge, both scientifically and ethically. Automated digital ventilated cages (DVC®) offer the advantage of continuous monitoring of animal activity in their h...
Molecular organic cage compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in gas storage, catalysis, chemical sensing, molecular separations, etc. In this study, a homochiral pentyl cage compound was synthesized from...
Membrane-based processes are taking a more and more prominent position in the search for sustainable and energy-efficient gas separation applications. It is known that the separation performance of pure polymers may significantly be improved by the d...
Introduction: Currently, static interbody cages are the gold standard for achieving solid arthrodesis in the spine, enhancing segmental stability, obtaining neuroforaminal decompression, and improving as well as maintaining segmental lordosis. It is...
The installation of an egg collection net in the upper section of a Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) cage (diameter 25 m × height 15 m) raises concerns regarding the potential compromise of cage stability due to the fine mesh size. Thi...
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has the potential for quantitative biomass estimation, but its application in open marine cages remains challenging due to biological variability and seawater current conditions. Here, we evaluated an eDNA-based framework for...
Objective: In recent years, a significant increase in the incidence of both total hip arthroplasty and acetabular revision surgery has been observed. A substantial proportion of patients requiring these revision procedures present with major bone def...
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