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Organics

Organics is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on organic chemistry published quarterly online by MDPI.

Quartile Ranking JCR - Q3 (Chemistry, Organic)

All Articles (183)

This study examined twenty-eight N-methylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with various substituents and anions to assess their impact on the activity of Carnitine Acetyltransferase (CAT), an indispensable enzyme in human metabolism. In vitro experiments demonstrated that these compounds inhibited CAT in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging from 0.93 to 30.8 mM. Structural analysis of the ILs revealed the following structure–activity relationships: (i) the length of the hydrocarbon chain at N3 markedly affects CAT activity, with longer chains resulting in stronger inhibition; (ii) the degree of unsaturation and the presence of polar groups are not essential for increased activity; (iii) the effect of the anion aligns with the Hofmeister series. One of the most potent compounds, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C10C1im]Br, was identified as a mixed inhibitor of CAT with a Ki of 0.77 mM. These findings raise concerns about the biocompatibility of commonly used imidazolium ILs, as they may interfere with fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting their cellular transport.

2 October 2025

The three tunnels for binding L-carnitine, CoA, and the acyl group in the active site of CTs’ representative, carnitine decyltransferase, and the position of decyl-L-carnitine in it (left); structure of two of the studied ILs (right). ILs can be considered as “destructured” betaines, which depending on the substituents in the cation, could interact with CTs, both at the L-carnitine and the fatty acid binding site.

This review offers a focused overview of the strategies used to build and modify phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives. It covers both classical synthetic approaches and advances reported since 2014, including transition metal-catalyzed transformations and greener techniques, such as electrosynthesis, microwave-assisted reactions, and ultrasound-promoted methods. Each strategy is evaluated with respect to efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. In parallel, the review surveys the diverse bioactivity profiles of PTZ derivatives, ranging from antipsychotic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities to emerging applications in photodynamic therapy and neuroprotection. By correlating synthetic accessibility with biological potential, this review provides an integrated perspective that highlights advances achieved since 2014 and outlines future opportunities for rational PTZ design and applications.

10 October 2025

4,4′-substituted-2,2′-((hexahydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1,3(2H)-diyl)bis(methylene))bisphenols (1ad) and 2,6-bis{[3-(2-hydroxy-5-substitutedbenzyl)octahydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl}-4-substitutedphenols (2ab) were synthesized via microwave (MW) irradiation of aminal (2R,7R,11S,16S)-1,8,10,17-tetraazapentacyclo[8.8.1.1.8,170.2,70.11,16]icosane 2 with p-substituted phenols. Microwave (MW) irradiation improved reaction rates and yields at 80 °C. Compounds 1ad were racemic, and 2ab were diastereomeric. NMR spectra revealed key signals for the perhydrobenzimidazole fragment, aromatic rings, and aminal carbons. Differences in the 13C NMR spectra highlighted structural variations, such as distinct carbonyl and methoxyl signals in 2d. MW irradiation at higher temperatures (100–120 °C) reduced yields of 1, especially for phenols with methyl (Me) and methoxy (OMe) groups, suggesting a shift toward the formation of compound 2. Additionally, higher temperatures led to polymerization byproducts, emphasizing the impact of MW energy on reaction pathways. These results provide valuable insights for designing molecules with potential applications in materials science and medicinal chemistry.

2 October 2025

Degrees of Sulfonation: Mapping the Reactivity Landscape of Acridine and Acridone

  • Péter Kisfaludi,
  • Sára Spátay and
  • Péter Huszthy
  • + 1 author

Although sulfonated acridines and acridones are valuable scaffolds in diagnostics and materials science, to our best knowledge, there is no comprehensive study that addresses how the degree of sulfonation depends on reaction parameters. To fill this gap, we investigated the sulfonation behavior of unsubstituted acridine and acridone under classical conditions, using sulfuric acid, oleum, and chlorosulfonic acid. A factorial experimental design was applied to systematically evaluate the influence of temperature and reagent excess on the extent of sulfonation, while keeping the reaction time constant. Products were analyzed by HPLC–MS/MS to determine the degree of sulfonation and its distribution. Regioselectivity and product isolation were not addressed in this study. Our results provide a foundational dataset for controlling sulfonation level for these heterocycles and can help future synthetic applications where defined sulfonation patterns are desired.

12 September 2025

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Organics - ISSN 2673-401XCreative Common CC BY license